Short-term stress & anxiety do cause a short-term increase in blood-glucose. This is because of the increase in cortisol & catecholamines (hyperglycemic hormones) in situations of fear & stress.

But short-term stress DOES NOT cause new-onset diabetes.

It's like the Hitler of bladder cancer

It's a carcinogen that exists in:

• cigarette smoke.
• It's the same compound that causes the smell of burned fat (when you burn the oil while frying potatoes).
• is a metabolite of cyclophosphamide that gets excreted in the urine and causes hemmorrhagic cystitis.

هالشي يفسر ليش التدخين يسبب سرطان المثانة، وليش الـ cyclophosphamide اللي يستخدموه بصفته علاج للسرطان وأمراض المناعة الذاتية، همين يسبب سرطان المثانة.

Also:

Hemorrhagic cystitis (hematuria + suprapubic pain) can be seen usually in cancer patients since they are on cyclophosphamide (which is metabolised to acrolein).

والشكر كالعادة لمرتضى على المعلومة الأخيرة

Btw, this usually causes transitional cell carcinoma.

Bladder cancer can be divided to:

• Transitional cell carcinoma (the most common). It can originate in the bladder and all the way up to the renal pelvis.

• Non-transitional cell carcinoma:
- Squamous cell carcinoma: caused by chronic irritation such as that of recurrent UTI, schistosomiasis, and bladder stones.
- Adenocarcinoma: bladder exstrophy, urachal cancer, some cases of schistosomiasis.

.

الـ transitional هو نفسه الـ urothelial.
وهو نفسه اللي لما يكون in situ نعالجه بـ Intravesical BCG vaccine

أشياء غريبة

أوكي أكو غلط هنا:
بحالة التدخين، الـ acrolein يوصل للرئة بس ما يوصل للمثانة فيسبب سرطان الرئة والجهاز التنفسي بس ماكو ربط (بسياق التدخين) بينه وبين سرطان المثانة.
اللي يسبب سرطان المثانة بحالة التدخين هو مركب إسمه:
Naphthylamine

In patients less than 55 years of age, the diastolic and systolic blood pressures are both predictive of adverse events from cardiovascular disease. However, because the diastolic blood pressure declines on average after the age of 55 years, its predictive value is diminished in older patients.

That's why in such scenarios, we can also use pulse pressure as a predictive factor.

Never trust an electronic device

خاصةً أجهزة الضغط
As if those MFs were designed to make false readings...

الـ high arch مال القدم يسموها pes cavus
والـ muscle atrophy يكون بإتجاه distal to proximal لهذا تشوف الرجل والكاحل ضعيفات كلش بينما الساق calf تكون ممتلئة نسبيًا (ومرات بيها pseudo-hypertrophy)، وهالشي ينطيها شكل بطل موكفيه بالمكلوب inverted champagne bottle