ممتأكد، بس اعتقد هذا البيشنت عنده DME همين

Pathophysiology of PDR

Pathophysiology of DME

Renal disease, as evidenced by proteinuria and elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN)/creatinine levels, is an excellent predictor of retinopathy; both conditions are caused by DM-related microangiopathies, and the presence and severity of one reflects that of the other. Aggressive treatment of the nephropathy may slow progression of diabetic retinopathy and neovascular glaucoma.

Glycated IgG is associated with inflammation and is a target for auto-antibodies in rheumatoid arthritis patients

Just look at how beautiful it is

+ Patients with either DM type 1 or 2 should be checked annually by an ophthalmologist.
Only if the patient's glucose is tightly controlled, and they don't have a sign of DR, then the check up can be made once every 2 years.

The risk of fetal ARDS during cesarean is more than that in normal delivery. One of the causes: during normal delivery the fetus is under stress, thus fetal corticosteroid will be secreted.

Is the deformity and fragmentation of the bones and joints of the foot and ankle that occur secondary to loss of sensation (neuropathy) and is most often associated with diabetic neuropathy.

It's also called: Charcot neuropathic osteoarthropathy

There are two commonly accepted theories used to describe the pathogenesis of Charcot joints: neuro-traumatic and neuro-vascular. The neuro-traumatic theory proposes that neuropathy, and repeated micro-trauma produces joint destruction. The neuro-vascular theory suggests the increased peripheral blood flow results in osteolysis and demineralization.

بالمقابل أكو مرض ثاني يسموه Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease
يعتبر أكثر مرض عصبي وراثي شيوعًا:

The foot of Charcot vs Charcot-Marie-tooth
*وحدة عكس اللخ*