The pathogenesis, although not well established, mimics trophoblastic damage and maternal vascular endothelial dysfunction, as is also seen in pre-eclampsia, and, hence, the two conditions may have a similar clinical presentation. They may even co-exist, where a patient with maternal mirror syndrome develops features of pre-eclampsia.

Sonographic findings in fetal hydrops: (A) the arrow indicates the elevation of the fetal skin away from the fetal scalp (bony rim is bright white); (B) arrow indicates bilateral pleural effusions; (C) arrow shows a rim of ascites around the fetal liver; (D) arrow demonstrates a pericardial effusion.

Case:

A 23‐year‐old G3P1011 presented for initial evaluation at 26 weeks 4 days gestation. A large mass consisting of solid and cystic components arising from the sacrum was identified on fetal ultrasound and MRI. The estimated overall volume of the tumor was 642 ml. Placentomegaly was present. The plan for obstetric management included twice weekly fetal ultrasound surveillance and maternal evaluation. The planned mode of delivery would be cesarean with immediate neonatal SCT resection at 32 weeks gestation. Ultrasound at 31 weeks 1 day indicated an overall SCT volume of 1604 ml with continued placentomegaly but no additional evidence of fetal hydros. Maternal assessment indicated elevated blood pressure, trace proteinurea hyperreflexia, and slightly elevated liver enzymes.

Cesarean section was performed at 31 weeks 4 days gestation for impending mirror syndrome. The neonate was stabilized and transferred to an adjoining operating room where she underwent immediate resection of the tumor. The woman's symptoms resolved, and she was discharged within 72 hours.

Interesting..

Preeclampsia is one of the causes of Polyhydramnios, also it’s one of the complications.

P1011?

Parity: 1 term infant delivered, 0 preterm infants delivered, 1 abortion/miscarriage, 1 living child.

Amniotic band syndrome can occur when the inner layer of the placenta, called the amnion, is damaged during pregnancy. If this happens, thin strands of tissue (amniotic bands) form inside the amnion. These fiber-like bands tangle around the developing fetus, restricting blood flow, thus affecting the growth of certain body parts. This can cause congenital deformities of limbs. In some cases, strands can tangle so tightly around the limbs of a fetus that they amputate them. Amniotic band syndrome is usually diagnosed at birth, but can sometimes be detected in the womb by ultrasound.

Oligo* not poly

هي الـ preeclampsia ممكن تسببهم ثنينهم
بس الـ poly ممكن تسبب preeclampsia (فهي الفكرة جانت انو علاقة الـ preeclampsia بالـ poly علاقة متبادلة😂)

In HBA1c (السكر التراكمي) test:

• Falsely low values can occur in patients with rapid red cell turnover, such as in hemoglobinopathies, active hemolysis, erythropoietin treatment, and stage 4 or 5 chronic kidney disease.

• Falsely high values can be seen when red cell turnover is low, such as in iron, vitamin B12, or folate deficiency.

• African American patients tend to have slightly higher HbA1c levels

New diabetic patients may have abnormal results on only 1 test; in 1 study, one-third of new diabetes cases were detected by FPG (Fasting Plasma Glucose) testing only, one-third by HbA1c testing only, and one-third by both tests.

Patients with normal HbA1c levels may still have diabetes by fasting glucose criteria.

The most common drugs that cause drug-induced SLE are:
• Hydralazine
• Procainamide
• Quinine
• Isoniazid
• Minocycline.

Drugs most commonly associated with drug-induced Subacute Cutaneous Lupus (SCLE) include:
• Calcium-channel blockers
• Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors
• Thiazide diuretics
• TNF-alpha antagonists. 

Source: Gynaecology By Ten Teachers
18th edition

Stages:
• Non-Proliferative (NPDR)
• Proliferative (PDR)
• Diabetic Macular Edema (DME)