Clinical presentation

صوت الديچ😂

مال جيراننا😂
كفرني بحياتي هذا

لا ترى كيوت😂

Just for the record
حيدر يقرا برة حتى جاذبية القمر تسحب الدم لدماغة ويركز أكثر

Is that werewolf but for nerds?

الاعرفه الديج يصيح الفجر
هذا حتى العصر يصيح...

ديحاول يتواصل وياك:

Yeah, something like this

Hypothyroidism increases the risk of cardiovascular disease by both genetic and non-genetic mediated ways.

Non-genetic ways include endothelial dysfunction, and disrupting lipid metabolism (increasing serum cholesterol).

Genetic ways involve the myocytes reverting into a fetal genotype and phenotype: usually the cardiac muscle depends on lipids as the main source of energy. Hypothyroidism causes myocytes to change into a fetal phenotype which depends on glucose rather than lipids. This reduces the energy yield and puts the heart in a state of energy insufficiency.

Therefore, low thyroid hormone levels should be interpreted as a cardiovascular risk factor.

Hyperthyroidism (HT) is also a risk factor of cardiovascular disease by means of causing high-output heart failure:
HT increases the metabolism in the whole body, and even though HT increases contractility and heart rate (and therefore cardiac output), this is not enough for the heart to meet the body's demands. And since the heart can't keep up, it's a heart failure... But with high-output.

High-output heart failure is basically when the heart is doing its best, and it's still not enough... Just like med students in exams

The bottom line: whether it's hyper or hypo, your heart is fucked
حرفيًا هنا ينطبق المثل: تعدّدت الأسباب والموت واحد

Also called Ballantyne syndrome, is a rare condition in pregnancy, defined by the presence of the ‘clinical triad’ of fetal hydrops, placentomegaly and maternal oedema. It is called Mirror Syndrome because the maternal pathology mirrors that of the fetus.

Any aetiology of fetal hydrops, including:
Rh iso-immunization, congenital infection, twin-to-twin transfusion, structural anomalies and fetal malignancies, can lead to the syndrome.

The pathogenesis, although not well established, mimics trophoblastic damage and maternal vascular endothelial dysfunction, as is also seen in pre-eclampsia, and, hence, the two conditions may have a similar clinical presentation. They may even co-exist, where a patient with maternal mirror syndrome develops features of pre-eclampsia.