The Ankle Brachial Index (ABI): is basically the systolic pressure at the ankle divided by the systolic pressure at the arm.

It has been shown to be a specific and sensitive metric for the diagnosis of Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD)

Medicine does not deal with strictly biological problems (disease), because a disease does not affect the patient only on the biological level. From the patient's perspective, it's an "illness," and it affects them on social, psychological, and financial levels. In other words, it's an existential problem, because it poisons the very existence of the patient.

That's why medicine (which deals with both disease and illness) is also intertwined with all kinds of scientific, social, ethical, psychological, and even philosophical matters.

Fetal corticotropin (CRH) secreted from the fetal hypothalamus is essential for the induction of labor.

Fetuses who suffer from anencephaly will have abnormal/underdeveloped hypothalamus and pituitary glands, and this impairs their CRH production. This explains why mothers with anencephalic fetuses will suffer from prolonged labor

Reverse tick sign:
It’s an ECG sign of digoxin toxicity characterised by scooped ST segment.
It’s also called reverse check sing or Dali’s Mustache

Meningococcal meningitis (N. meningitidis) is usually associated with a generalized vasculitic rash.

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The most severe headaches are experienced in:
- Meningitis
- Subarachnoid haemorrhage
- Classic migraine.

Meningitis and subarachnoid haemorrhage present as single episodes of headaches. Meningitis usually presents over hours, whereas subarachnoid haemorrhage usually presents very suddenly.

When meningitis is suspected appropriate antibioic treatment should be started even before the diagnosis is confirmed. In the absence of a history of significant penicillin allergy the most common treatment would be intravenous ceftriaxone or cefotaxime.

Also:

DO NOT perform lumbar puncture on a patient with suspected raised ICP (or space-occupying lesion), because this will cause "cone effect" in which parts of the brain will herniate through a small opening (usually the tentorium or the foramen magnum) and this will cause decreased blood flow to that part and its subsequent death.

LP with coexisting ICP can either cause or worsen brain herniation, and this leads to cone effect (coning) and worsens the neurological signs & symptoms.

If you suspect raised ICP, first send for a CT scan and do a fundoscopy, and if they exclude raised ICP or/and space-occupying lesion, then you can perform the LP safely.

DTH:
Downward Tentorial Herniation

بحالات خاصة إذا انجبرت تسوي LP (رغم وجود زيادة بالـ ICP) لأن التشخيص يعتمد تمامًا عليه أو لأن عدم فعله رح يؤدي لتعقيدات أكبر بحالة المريض، بوقتها يفضّل فعلها بمستشفى تحتوي على Immediately available surgical department حتى تكون جاهز للتعامل وية التبعات.

ذني بحوث ثنين لكيتهن عن الموضوع. هن قديمات بس حسب ما شفت، ما تغير شي من ناحية الـ Guidelines من ذاك الوقت لحد هسة:

Papilloedema (papilledema)
Caused by increased ICP