*Autosomal-Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD)

Autism spectrum disorder at the molecular level:
While neurological disorders like Alzheimer's disease or Parkinson's disease have well-defined pathologies, autism and other psychiatric disorders have had a lack of defining pathology, making it difficult to develop more effective treatments.

For the new study, published in 2 November 2022, researchers examined gene expression in 11 cortical regions by sequencing RNA from each of the four main cortical lobes.They compared brain tissue samples obtained after death from 112 people with ASD against healthy brain tissue.
While each profiled cortical region showed changes, the largest drop off in gene levels were in the visual cortex and the parietal cortex, which processes information like touch, pain and temperature. The researchers said this may reflect the sensory hypersensitivity that is frequently reported in people with ASD.
Researchers found strong evidence that the genetic risk for autism is enriched in a specific neuronal module that has lower expression across the brain, indicating that RNA changes in the brain are likely the cause of ASD rather than a result of the disorder.

Source : University of California - Los Angeles Health Sciences

So the next step will be developing therapies according to these genes expression changes.

Passenger pilots are likely more susceptible to nephrolithiasis as a result of FAA* cockpit regulations, which have amplified the prevalence of a modifiable risk factor, dehydration, by causing pilots to reduce fluid intake to use the lavatory less frequently.

*FAA: Federal Aviation Administration

Stein (stone) + Strasse (street) = Steinstrasse

ur kindeys literally turn into bones

The organization of the brain reveals the architecture of the mind

Ikrrrr?

Totally, prof. Nancy Kanwisher once said:
The fundamental reason the brain is cool is that it gives rise to the mind. Studying the biological properties of the brain without considering the mental functions it implements would be like studying the physical properties of a book without considering the meaning of its text.