The ticking bomb that we call "aortic aneurysm"

IBS is mostly a diagnosis of exclusion. This means that you must "exclude" other diseases in order to diagnose someone with IBS

IBS: Irritable Bowel Syndrome

Why anti-depressants are sometimes used to treat IBS?

TCAs are the most widely used anti-depressants to treat IBS. They are usually used in low doses (25-125 mg/day) less than those required to treat psychological symptoms. So the mechanism of action probably involves changing the serotonin secretion in the GIT, rather than reducing anxiety or depression.

SSRIs (and other modern anti-depressants) on the other hand are used in higher doses that make them psychologically active, so their mechanism of action involves reducing the psychological factors like anxiety and depression that exacerbate IBS.

A quick (anatomy of the pharynx) lesson.
Look at how the inferior pharyngeal & the cricopharyngeus muscles are related to one another and to the esophagus

A diverticulum is basically an out-pouching. Zenker's diverticulum is an out-pouching in the pharynx (between the inferior pharyngeal & the cricopharyngeus muscles) that can be really annoying.

A patient with chest pain poses one of the most complicated diagnostic challenges. The differential diagnosis is extensive and includes several life-threatening, time-critical, must not miss diagnoses. The differential is best remembered anatomically, giving consideration to structures from the skin to the internal organs.

The physician must avoid the cognitive bias of “playing the odds,” favoring the common benign, rather than the uncommon serious, diagnoses.

The initial pivotal points in the evaluation of chest pain are the duration of symptoms and the patient’s vital signs. Patients with normal vital signs and subacute or chronic chest pain usually seek medical attention in primary care setting while those with acute pain and vital sign abnormalities more commonly go to the emergency department.

Maze procedure
For atrial fibrillation

This is really fuckin interesting, read about it

Just look at how crazy this thing is