Forwarded from Haidar A. Fahad
زيادته مشهورة بأنها تسبب تسمم لحاسة الشم والتذوق
Forwarded from Haidar A. Fahad
لهذا—اذا ما خانتني ذاكرتي—اجت فترة جانت اكو بخاخات زنك للانف حتى تعالج اعراض النشلة
Forwarded from Haidar A. Fahad
الناس اللي استخدموها بكثرة، فقدوا حاسة الشم تمامًا
Forwarded from Haidar A. Fahad
وحاسة التذوق اصلًا بشكل كبير تعتمد على الشم
Forwarded from 0/0 (Haidar A. Fahad)
Schistosomas (a parasite) can steal the MHC antigen from the host and use it to hide from the immune system
Forwarded from 0/0 (Haidar A. Fahad)
أكو نوع من البروتينات إسمه MHC موجود على سطح كل خلايانا. هالبروتين يستخدمه جهازنا المناعي حتى يتعرف على خلايا الجسم وما يهاجمها.
طفيليات البلهارسيا (Schistosoma) تسرق هالبروتين من خلايا الجسم و—حرفيًا— تلبسه بشكل تمويه حتى الجهاز المناعي ما يتعرف عليها وما يهاجمها
طفيليات البلهارسيا (Schistosoma) تسرق هالبروتين من خلايا الجسم و—حرفيًا— تلبسه بشكل تمويه حتى الجهاز المناعي ما يتعرف عليها وما يهاجمها
Forwarded from 0/0 (Haidar A. Fahad)
كريات الدم الحمر بعدما تطلع من نخاع العظم، أغلبهن رح يتخلصن من النواة ويصيرن كريات دم حمر بالغة (Mature RBCs). لكن بعض الخلايا رح تحتفظ ببقايا الـ DNA على شكل نقاط غامقة (basophilic). هاي الخلايا يتخلص منها الطحال بالعادة، لكن إذا الشخص يعاني من مشكلة بالطحال hyposplenic (بأمراض مثل فقر الدم المنجلي والـ celiac disease) أو تم إزالته جراحيًا، فرح نشوف Howell-Jolly bodies بصورة الدم.
Simply; they indicate a problem in the spleen
Simply; they indicate a problem in the spleen
Forwarded from 0/0 (Haidar A. Fahad)
And btw, about one third of patients with celiac disease suffer also from hyposplenism... Idk why, but it is what it is
Forwarded from 0/0 (Haidar A. Fahad)
The brain and PMS
So GABA is a molecule that we find in the brain... It's the main inhibitory thing there, this simply means that it "shuts down" or "calms down" your brain signals.
Here's a weird thing:
Progesterone (a female sex hormone) can bind to GABA receptors and activates them, therefore "calming down" the brain during certain times of the reproductive cycle.
Women with PMS possibly have a problem in their GABA receptors that reduces progesterone's ability to bind to the receptors, therefore the brain doesn't calm down... Therefore PMS
So GABA is a molecule that we find in the brain... It's the main inhibitory thing there, this simply means that it "shuts down" or "calms down" your brain signals.
Here's a weird thing:
Progesterone (a female sex hormone) can bind to GABA receptors and activates them, therefore "calming down" the brain during certain times of the reproductive cycle.
Women with PMS possibly have a problem in their GABA receptors that reduces progesterone's ability to bind to the receptors, therefore the brain doesn't calm down... Therefore PMS
Forwarded from 0/0 (Haidar A. Fahad)
There's a hormone called Delta Sleep-Inducing Peptide (DSIP) which is secreted when we wanna sleep. It has a lowering effect on cortisol (stress hormone) levels
Forwarded from 0/0 (Haidar A. Fahad)
The bottom line: when you're stressed, go to sleep
Forwarded from 0/0 (Haidar A. Fahad)
Virchow's triad of venous thrombosis
Forwarded from 0/0 (Haidar A. Fahad)
- Hypercoagulability
- Endothelial injury
- blood stasis
- Endothelial injury
- blood stasis
Diabetes Insipidus (DI) has 2 causes:
Neurogenic:
Anything that impairs the function of the hypothalamus or the pituitary (a tumor, trauma, or infection) so it's no longer able to produce ADH (vasopressin).
Nephrogenic:
Anything that makes the kidney insensitive to ADH (Vasopressin) like:
- Polycystic kidney disease (PKD)
- Amyloidosis
- Hypokalemia
- Hypercalcemia
- Lithium toxicity
Neurogenic:
Anything that impairs the function of the hypothalamus or the pituitary (a tumor, trauma, or infection) so it's no longer able to produce ADH (vasopressin).
Nephrogenic:
Anything that makes the kidney insensitive to ADH (Vasopressin) like:
- Polycystic kidney disease (PKD)
- Amyloidosis
- Hypokalemia
- Hypercalcemia
- Lithium toxicity