MCQ NO 890 | Pharmaceutics
UV-B (wavelength between 290-310 nm) rays are responsible for
UV-B (wavelength between 290-310 nm) rays are responsible for
Anonymous Quiz
17%
(A)photo degradation of drugs
13%
(B)sun burns
18%
(C)tissue damage
52%
(D)all of the above
🔴 Mechanism of Action 🔴
🔺 Antithyroid Drugs :-
🔸1. Thioamides (antithyroid drugs) Inhibit hormone synthesis.
Thioamides bind to thyroid peroxidase and prevent the oxidation of iodide and iodotyrosyl residues , thereby ;
i) Inhibit iodination of tyrosine residues in thyroglobulin.
ii) Inhibit coupling of iodotyrosine residues to form T3 and T4.
🔸2.Inhibit iodide trapping (ionic inhibitors)
These ionic inhibitors inhibits iodide trapping by Sodium Iodide Symporter (NIS) into the thyroid gland.
Perchlorate is 10 times more potent than thiocynate in blocking NIS , while nitrate is very weak. So, these ions are toxic and not clinically used.
🔸3. Inhibit hormone synthesis (Iodine and Iodides)
Excess of iodide inhibits it's own transport into thyroid cells by interfering with expression of NIS on the cell membrane .
Reduction in T3 & T4 synthesis by this mechanism called Wolf- Chaikoff effect.
🔸4.Destroy thyroid tissue by Radioactive Iodine.
131 I (iodine) emits gamma rays as well as beta particals shows destructive effect on thyroid cells.
👉 Note :- The image of synthesis ,storage and secretion of thyroid hormone is given below , by using this image you can easily understand mechanism of Thyroid inhibitors.
🔺 Antithyroid Drugs :-
🔸1. Thioamides (antithyroid drugs) Inhibit hormone synthesis.
Thioamides bind to thyroid peroxidase and prevent the oxidation of iodide and iodotyrosyl residues , thereby ;
i) Inhibit iodination of tyrosine residues in thyroglobulin.
ii) Inhibit coupling of iodotyrosine residues to form T3 and T4.
🔸2.Inhibit iodide trapping (ionic inhibitors)
These ionic inhibitors inhibits iodide trapping by Sodium Iodide Symporter (NIS) into the thyroid gland.
Perchlorate is 10 times more potent than thiocynate in blocking NIS , while nitrate is very weak. So, these ions are toxic and not clinically used.
🔸3. Inhibit hormone synthesis (Iodine and Iodides)
Excess of iodide inhibits it's own transport into thyroid cells by interfering with expression of NIS on the cell membrane .
Reduction in T3 & T4 synthesis by this mechanism called Wolf- Chaikoff effect.
🔸4.Destroy thyroid tissue by Radioactive Iodine.
131 I (iodine) emits gamma rays as well as beta particals shows destructive effect on thyroid cells.
👉 Note :- The image of synthesis ,storage and secretion of thyroid hormone is given below , by using this image you can easily understand mechanism of Thyroid inhibitors.
MCQ NO 891| Medicinal Chemistry
A primary source of histamine released during inflammatory conditions are:
A primary source of histamine released during inflammatory conditions are:
Anonymous Quiz
8%
B cell
20%
T lymphocytes
17%
Enterochromaffin like cell
55%
Mast cell
MCQ NO 892 | Pharmacognosy
Atropine is what type of compound?
Atropine is what type of compound?
Final Results
31%
Muscarnic agonist
47%
Muscarnic antagonist
19%
Nico-nic agonist
3%
Nico-nic antagonist
MCQ NO 893. | Pharmacognosy
Which opiate is used in medicine as an analgesic and a cough depressant?
Which opiate is used in medicine as an analgesic and a cough depressant?
Anonymous Quiz
23%
Morphine
8%
Heroin
62%
Codein
8%
Naloxane
MCQ NO 894 | pharmacology
Which route of drug administration is most likely leads to the first-pass effect?
Which route of drug administration is most likely leads to the first-pass effect?
Anonymous Quiz
8%
Sublingual
18%
Intravenous
72%
Oral
2%
Intramuscular
MCQ NO 895 | Pharmacology
Half life (t ½) does not depend on:
Half life (t ½) does not depend on:
Anonymous Quiz
28%
Biotransformation
25%
Rate of drug elimination
28%
Time of drug absorption
19%
Concentration of a drug in plasma
🔴ADRS OF HYDROXYCHOROQUINE🔴
➡️blurred vision changes, which may be permanent in some cases
➡️heart disease, including heart failure and issues with your heart rhythm; some cases have been fatal
➡️ringing in your ears or hearing loss
➡️angioedema (rapid swelling of your skin)
➡️severe bronchospasm
➡️sore throat
➡️severe hypoglycemia
➡️unusual bleeding or bruising
➡️blue-black skin color
➡️muscle weakness
➡️hair loss or changes in hair color
➡️abnormal mood changes
➡️mental health effects, including suicidal thoughts
➡️blurred vision changes, which may be permanent in some cases
➡️heart disease, including heart failure and issues with your heart rhythm; some cases have been fatal
➡️ringing in your ears or hearing loss
➡️angioedema (rapid swelling of your skin)
➡️severe bronchospasm
➡️sore throat
➡️severe hypoglycemia
➡️unusual bleeding or bruising
➡️blue-black skin color
➡️muscle weakness
➡️hair loss or changes in hair color
➡️abnormal mood changes
➡️mental health effects, including suicidal thoughts
MCQ NO 896 | Pharmacology
Ocreoplasmin is the newer drug used in which of the following conditions?
Ocreoplasmin is the newer drug used in which of the following conditions?
Anonymous Quiz
14%
(a) Retinal break
41%
(b) Vitreomacular adhesion
24%
(c) Submacular bleed
20%
(d) Diabetic macular bleed
MCQ NO 897 | Pharmacology
All of the following drugs cause tachychardia except?
All of the following drugs cause tachychardia except?
Anonymous Quiz
23%
(a) Amphetamine
23%
(b) Nifedipine
30%
(c) Theophylline
23%
(d) Clonidine
MCQ NO 898 | Pharmacology
Which of the following drugs can result in cyanide poisoning?
Which of the following drugs can result in cyanide poisoning?
Anonymous Quiz
38%
(a) Sodium Nitroprusside
27%
(b) Amyl nitrite
18%
(c) Hydroxycobalamin
17%
(d) Sodium thiosulphate
MCQ NO 899 | Pharmacology
Drug used for non infectious uveitis in LUMINATE clinical trial program:
Drug used for non infectious uveitis in LUMINATE clinical trial program:
Anonymous Quiz
36%
(a) Steroid/Infliximab
31%
(b) Cyclosporin
23%
(c) Methotrexate
11%
(d) Voclosporin
MCQ NO 900 | Pharmacology
Which of the following drug causes hirsutism ?
Which of the following drug causes hirsutism ?
Anonymous Quiz
43%
(a) Phenytoin
27%
(b) Valproate
22%
(c) Carbamazepine
8%
(d) Phenobarbitone
🔴 Actions of Insulin 🔴
( Insulin is major anabolic hormone)
1. Facilitate glucose transport across cell membrane.
2.Insulin facilitates glycogen synthesis from glucose.
3.Inhibit gluconeogenesis.
4.Inhibit lipolysis.
5.Enhances transcription of vascular endothelial lipoprotein lipase, thereby accelerating clearance of VLDL and chylomicrons.
6.Facilitates entry of Amino acids into muscle and most other cells.
( Insulin is major anabolic hormone)
1. Facilitate glucose transport across cell membrane.
2.Insulin facilitates glycogen synthesis from glucose.
3.Inhibit gluconeogenesis.
4.Inhibit lipolysis.
5.Enhances transcription of vascular endothelial lipoprotein lipase, thereby accelerating clearance of VLDL and chylomicrons.
6.Facilitates entry of Amino acids into muscle and most other cells.
MCQ NO 901 | Biochemistry
In mammalian cells rRNA is produced mainly in the......
In mammalian cells rRNA is produced mainly in the......
Anonymous Quiz
29%
Endoplasmic reticulum
45%
Ribosome
18%
Nucleolus
8%
Nucleus
MCQ NO 902. | Biochemistry
Mature erythrocytes do not contain......
Mature erythrocytes do not contain......
Anonymous Quiz
17%
Glycolytic enzymes
30%
HMP shunt enzymes
29%
Pyridine nucleotide
24%
ATP
MCQ NO 903 | Microbiology
Mycobacterium tuberculosis was first discovered by?
Mycobacterium tuberculosis was first discovered by?
Anonymous Quiz
29%
Edward Jenner
40%
Robert Koch
26%
Louis Pasteur
5%
None of these
MCQ NO 904 | Microbiology
Rh factor of the blood was discovered by the scientist........
Rh factor of the blood was discovered by the scientist........
Anonymous Quiz
13%
Janskey
21%
Louis Pasteur
7%
Moss
60%
Landsteiner and Weiner
MCQ NO 905 | Pharmacology
Biological half-life of drug is calculated as
Biological half-life of drug is calculated as
Anonymous Quiz
24%
t ½ = 0.693 x K/ln2
28%
t ½ = 0.693 x CL/Vd
21%
t ½ = 0.693 x ln2/K
28%
t ½ = 0.693 x Vd/CL
🔴ADRS OF ASPIRIN🔴
➡️Nausea
➡️Vomiting
➡️Epigastric distress
➡️Gastric mucosal damage and peptic ulcer
➡️Reyes syndrome
➡️Hypersensitivity reactions and idiosyncrasy
➡️Rashes
➡️Urticaria
➡️Rhinorrhoea
➡️Nausea
➡️Vomiting
➡️Epigastric distress
➡️Gastric mucosal damage and peptic ulcer
➡️Reyes syndrome
➡️Hypersensitivity reactions and idiosyncrasy
➡️Rashes
➡️Urticaria
➡️Rhinorrhoea