MCQ NO.778 | OC
which of the following pairs does not correctly match in the element and its oxidation number?
which of the following pairs does not correctly match in the element and its oxidation number?
Anonymous Quiz
12%
Sodium in Nacl;1
32%
Bromine in Br2;0
34%
Sulfer in SO3;4
22%
Oxygen in H2O2;-2
MCQ NO.779 | OC
In the Reimer -Tiemann reaction ......reacts with phenol to give the ortho-formylated product?
In the Reimer -Tiemann reaction ......reacts with phenol to give the ortho-formylated product?
Anonymous Quiz
30%
Carbocation
29%
Free radicals
22%
Carbanion
19%
Carbene
MCQ NO.780 | OC
Condensation of aldehyde (or ketones) with a-halo ester in presence of zinc metal to give B-hydroxy-ester is:
Condensation of aldehyde (or ketones) with a-halo ester in presence of zinc metal to give B-hydroxy-ester is:
Anonymous Quiz
28%
Claisan condensation
31%
Dieckmann condensation
19%
Reformatsky reaction
22%
Aldol condensation
🔴 DEFINITION
🔶Antihistamines:
Drugs that combat the histamine released during an allergic reaction by blocking the action of the histamine on the tissue.
🔶H₁ antagonists :
H₁ antagonists, also called H₁ blockers, are a class of medications that block the action of histamine at the H₁ receptor, helping to relieve allergic reactions.
🔶H2 antagonist :
H₂ antagonists, sometimes referred to as H2RAs and also called H₂ blockers, are a class of medications that block the action of histamine at the histamine H₂ receptors of the parietal cells in the stomach.
🔶Gynaecomastia :
Enlargement of male's breast due to harmonal imbalance.
🔶 Osteoporosis:
Low calcium level in the blood is called as osteoporosis caused due to thiazide diuretic also.
🔶Antihistamines:
Drugs that combat the histamine released during an allergic reaction by blocking the action of the histamine on the tissue.
🔶H₁ antagonists :
H₁ antagonists, also called H₁ blockers, are a class of medications that block the action of histamine at the H₁ receptor, helping to relieve allergic reactions.
🔶H2 antagonist :
H₂ antagonists, sometimes referred to as H2RAs and also called H₂ blockers, are a class of medications that block the action of histamine at the histamine H₂ receptors of the parietal cells in the stomach.
🔶Gynaecomastia :
Enlargement of male's breast due to harmonal imbalance.
🔶 Osteoporosis:
Low calcium level in the blood is called as osteoporosis caused due to thiazide diuretic also.
🔴 Classification Antihistaminics
🔺 H2 Antagonists
Cimetidine
Ranitidine
Famotidine
Roxatidine
🔺H3 Antagonists
Thioperamide (H1:H3 1:23000)
Impromidine (also H2 agonist
Tiprolisant
Clobenpropit
Note:- Though some selective H3 antagonists have produced, they have not found any clinical utility.
🔺 H2 Antagonists
Cimetidine
Ranitidine
Famotidine
Roxatidine
🔺H3 Antagonists
Thioperamide (H1:H3 1:23000)
Impromidine (also H2 agonist
Tiprolisant
Clobenpropit
Note:- Though some selective H3 antagonists have produced, they have not found any clinical utility.
🔴MECHANISM OF ACTION🔴
📌ANTIHISTAMINES
◾Antihistamines are drugs which treat allergic rhinitis by and other allergies.
◾ Typically people take antihistamines as an inexpensive, generic, over-the-counter drug that can provide relief from nasal congestion, sneezing, or hives caused by pollen, dust mites, or animal allergy with few side effects.
Antihistamines are usually for short-term treatment.
◾Chronic allergies increase the risk of health problems which antihistamines might not treat, including asthma, sinusitis, and lower respiratory tract infection.
◾Consultation of a medical professional is recommended for those who intend to take antihistamines for longer-term use.
📌DIPHENHYDRAMINE
◾It is a highly sedative antihistaminic drug
◾Diphenhydramine mainly works through antagonizing the H1 (Histamine 1) receptor
◾Diphenhydramine acts as an inverse agonist at the H1 receptor, thereby reversing effects of histamine on capillaries, reducing allergic reaction symptoms.
📌ANTIHISTAMINES
◾Antihistamines are drugs which treat allergic rhinitis by and other allergies.
◾ Typically people take antihistamines as an inexpensive, generic, over-the-counter drug that can provide relief from nasal congestion, sneezing, or hives caused by pollen, dust mites, or animal allergy with few side effects.
Antihistamines are usually for short-term treatment.
◾Chronic allergies increase the risk of health problems which antihistamines might not treat, including asthma, sinusitis, and lower respiratory tract infection.
◾Consultation of a medical professional is recommended for those who intend to take antihistamines for longer-term use.
📌DIPHENHYDRAMINE
◾It is a highly sedative antihistaminic drug
◾Diphenhydramine mainly works through antagonizing the H1 (Histamine 1) receptor
◾Diphenhydramine acts as an inverse agonist at the H1 receptor, thereby reversing effects of histamine on capillaries, reducing allergic reaction symptoms.
🔴ADVERSE DRUG REACTION🔴
📌 ANTIHISTAMINES
Common Adverse Effects
• Drowsiness
°Dizziness
• Impaired coordination
• Headache
• Epigastric discomfort
• Thickened bronchial secretions
• Dry mucous membranes
• CNS stimulation, paradoxical
• Constipation
• Euphoria
• Ataxia
• Dysuria
• Urinary retention
• Hypotension
• Blurred vision
• Diplopia
• Palpitations
• Tachycardia
• Photosensitivity
• Diaphoresis
• Erectile dysfunction
• Early menses
• Anorexia
Serious Reactions
Anaphylaxis/anaphylactoid reaction
• QT prolongation
• Anemia, hemolytic
• Thrombocytopenia
• Agranulocytosis
• Leukopenia
• Pancytopenia
• Arrhythmias
• Seizures
• Toxic psychosis
• Labyrinthitis, acute
• Heat stroke
📌 ANTIHISTAMINES
Common Adverse Effects
• Drowsiness
°Dizziness
• Impaired coordination
• Headache
• Epigastric discomfort
• Thickened bronchial secretions
• Dry mucous membranes
• CNS stimulation, paradoxical
• Constipation
• Euphoria
• Ataxia
• Dysuria
• Urinary retention
• Hypotension
• Blurred vision
• Diplopia
• Palpitations
• Tachycardia
• Photosensitivity
• Diaphoresis
• Erectile dysfunction
• Early menses
• Anorexia
Serious Reactions
Anaphylaxis/anaphylactoid reaction
• QT prolongation
• Anemia, hemolytic
• Thrombocytopenia
• Agranulocytosis
• Leukopenia
• Pancytopenia
• Arrhythmias
• Seizures
• Toxic psychosis
• Labyrinthitis, acute
• Heat stroke
MCQ NO 781 | Pharmacology
The complexation of Quinine with hexyl salicylate is an example of absorption by
The complexation of Quinine with hexyl salicylate is an example of absorption by
Anonymous Quiz
16%
(a) Convective transport
41%
(b) Facilitated transport
19%
(c) Penocytosis
24%
(d) Ion pair transport
MCQ NO 782 | Pharmacology
d-tubocurarine produces skeletal muscle relaxation by inhibiting
d-tubocurarine produces skeletal muscle relaxation by inhibiting
Anonymous Quiz
19%
(a) Ganglionic nicotinic receptors
14%
(b) Muscurinic receptors
63%
(c) Nicotinic receptors in neuromuscular junction
4%
(d) alpha-adrenergic receptors
MCQ NO 783 | pharmaceutics
In solid-solid mixing, large scale continuous type of mixer is
In solid-solid mixing, large scale continuous type of mixer is
Anonymous Quiz
33%
(a) Sigma blender
16%
(b) Ribbon blender
39%
(c) Zigzag blender
12%
(d) Twin shell blender
MCQ NO 784 | Pharmacognsy
In Aloe the mucilage containing parenchymatous cells are present in
In Aloe the mucilage containing parenchymatous cells are present in
Anonymous Quiz
51%
(a) Central parenchymatous region
24%
(b) Pericyclic cells
15%
(c) Epidermis
10%
(d) Vascular bundles
MCQ NO 785 | pharmacognsy
The fundamental principle "Law of similia" falls under which therapy
The fundamental principle "Law of similia" falls under which therapy
Anonymous Quiz
11%
(a) Ayurveda
16%
(b) Siddha
65%
(c) Homoeopathy
9%
(d) Aroma therapy
MCQ NO 786 | pharmaceutical jurisprudence
Standards to be complied under D & C act -1940 for drugs imported, manufactured, stocked and exhibited for sale or distribution are covered under
Standards to be complied under D & C act -1940 for drugs imported, manufactured, stocked and exhibited for sale or distribution are covered under
Anonymous Quiz
28%
(a) Schedule M
42%
(b) Second Schedule
16%
(c) First Schedule
14%
(d) Schedule L
MCQ NO 787 | Pharmacology
Auto rhythmicity is present in which of the following group of tissues ?
Auto rhythmicity is present in which of the following group of tissues ?
Anonymous Quiz
15%
(a) Skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle
22%
(b) Skeletal muscle and visceral smooth muscle
23%
(c) Cardiac muscle and neuronal tissue
40%
(d) Cardiac muscle and visceral smooth muscle
MCQ NO 788 | pharmaceutical biotechnology
During the denaturation cycle in polymerase chain reaction the temperature is raised to:
During the denaturation cycle in polymerase chain reaction the temperature is raised to:
Anonymous Quiz
58%
(a) 90 -98°C
17%
(b) 60 - 68°C
22%
(c) 70 - 78°C
3%
(d) 80 - 88°C
MCQ NO 789 | Pharmacology
Which one of the following is not a renal osteodystrophy (type of bone disease associated with chronic kidney disease) ?
Which one of the following is not a renal osteodystrophy (type of bone disease associated with chronic kidney disease) ?
Anonymous Quiz
15%
(a) Adynamic bone disease
31%
(b) Osteomalacia
45%
(c) Secondary hypoparathyroidism
9%
(d) Mixed renal osteodystrophy
MCQ NO 790 | Pharmacology
Identify antiarrhythmic drug that increases duration of QT wave and decreases the sinus rate, whereas it has no effect on QRS complex
Identify antiarrhythmic drug that increases duration of QT wave and decreases the sinus rate, whereas it has no effect on QRS complex
Anonymous Quiz
21%
(a) Lidocaine
34%
(b) Amiodarone
27%
(c) Verapamil
17%
(d) Quinidine
🔴DEFINITION
5-HT3 antagonist:
The 5-HT3 antagonists, informally known as "setrons", are a class of drugs that act as receptor antagonists at the 5-HT3 receptor, a subtype of serotonin receptor found in terminals of the vagus nerve and in certain areas of the brain.
🔶Antagonist:
A substance that acts against and blocks an action.
🔶Agonist:
A substance that acts like another substance and therefore stimulates an action.
🔶Glidants:
The substance which is used to promote flow of tablets/powders by reducing friction between particles.
🔶Anti-adherents:
Which reduces sticking of any tablets to faces of punches.
5-HT3 antagonist:
The 5-HT3 antagonists, informally known as "setrons", are a class of drugs that act as receptor antagonists at the 5-HT3 receptor, a subtype of serotonin receptor found in terminals of the vagus nerve and in certain areas of the brain.
🔶Antagonist:
A substance that acts against and blocks an action.
🔶Agonist:
A substance that acts like another substance and therefore stimulates an action.
🔶Glidants:
The substance which is used to promote flow of tablets/powders by reducing friction between particles.
🔶Anti-adherents:
Which reduces sticking of any tablets to faces of punches.
🔴MECHANIAM OF ACTION🔴
📌 5HT3 ANTAGONISTS
Selective serotonin receptor (5-HT3) antagonists block serotonin both peripherally on vagal nerve terminals in the gastrointestinal (GI) system and centrally in the chemoreceptor trigger zone in the area postrema of the fourth ventricle, resulting in powerful antiemetic effects.
📌 5HT3 ANTAGONISTS
Selective serotonin receptor (5-HT3) antagonists block serotonin both peripherally on vagal nerve terminals in the gastrointestinal (GI) system and centrally in the chemoreceptor trigger zone in the area postrema of the fourth ventricle, resulting in powerful antiemetic effects.