🔴DEFINITION

🔶Certified colours :

The colours which are approved by FDC act to used in tablets is called as certified colours.

🔶 Bioavailability :

Amount of percentage of active drug that is being absorbed from the given dosage form and made available to the site of action.

🔶 Drug idiosyncrasy:

Unwanted abnormal reaction to the drug different from the expected reaction generally due to genetic deficiency.

🔴 MECHANISM OF ACTION🔴

📌 METOCLOPRAMIDE

◾Metoclopramide works by antagonizing central and peripheral dopamine two receptors in the medullary chemoreceptor trigger zone in the area postrema that are normally stimulated by levodopa or apomorphine.
◾ It achieves this by decreasing the sensitivity of visceral afferent nerves that transmit from the gastrointestinal system to the vomiting center in the area postrema in the chemoreceptor trigger zone.

📌ERGOTAMINE

◾It acts as a partial agonist and antagonist at alfa adrenergic and all subtype of 5HT1 anf 5HT2 receptor
◾It is a potent emetic and moderately potent oxytocic

🔴ADR OF SIMPLE ANALGESICS🔴

➡️Nausea
➡️Dyspepsia

🔴ADR OF NSAIDS🔴

➡️Ulcers
➡️Bleeding
➡️Kidney failure
➡️Rarely liver failure

🔴ADR OF ANTIEMETICS🔴

➡️Drowsiness
➡️Dry mouth
➡️Fatigue
➡️Constipation
➡️Tinnitus
➡️Muscle spasms

🔴ADR OF ERGOT ALKALOIDS🔴

➡️Nausea
➡️Vomiting
➡️Muscle pain
➡️Itching
➡️Numbness
➡️Rapid or slow heartbeat

🔴DEFINITION

🔶Prostaglandin:

One of a number of hormone-like substances that participate in a wide range of body functions such as the contraction and relaxation of smooth muscle, the dilation and constriction of blood vessels, control of blood pressure, and modulation of inflammation.

🔶Prostaglandin E2:

One of the prostaglandins, a group of hormone-like substances that participate in a wide range of body functions such as the contraction and relaxation of smooth muscle, the dilation and constriction of blood vessels, control of blood pressure, and modulation of inflammation.

🔶Prostaglandin PGI2:

It is synthesized by endothelial cells lining the walls of arteries and veins; it is a potent vasodilator and a potent inhibitor of platelet aggregation.

🔴Mechanism🔴

📌 prostaglandins synthesis

◾️Arachidonic acid is a key component of phospholipids, which are themselves integral components of cell membranes. In response to many different stimuli, including various hormonal, chemical, or physical agents, a chain of events is set in motion that results in prostaglandin formation and release.
◾️ These stimuli, either directly or indirectly, result in the activation of an enzyme called phospholipase A2.
◾️This enzyme catalyzes the release of arachidonic acid from phospholipid molecules.
◾️ Depending on the type of stimulus and the enzymes present, arachidonic acid may diverge down one of several possible pathways.
◾️One enzyme, lipoxygenase, catalyzes the conversion of arachidonic acid to one of several possible leukotrienes, which are important mediators of the inflammatory process.
◾️Another enzyme, cyclooxygenase, catalyzes the conversion of arachidonic acid to one of several possible endoperoxides.
◾️The endoperoxides undergo further modifications to form prostaglandins, prostacyclin, and thromboxanes.
◾️The thromboxanes and prostacyclin have important functions in the process of blood coagulation.

🔴ADR OF PROSTAGLANDINS🔴

➡️Tachy systole
➡️Fetal heart rate changes
➡️Meconium passage high
➡️Rupture of uterus rarely