🔴 Definitions

🔸The autonomic nervous:

The autonomic nervous system is a component of the peripheral nervous system that regulates involuntary physiologic processes including heart rate, blood pressure, respiration, digestion, and sexual arousal.


🔸The sympathetic nervous system:

The sympathetic nervous system is part of the autonomic nervous system, an extensive network of neurons that regulate the body’s involuntary processes.


🔸The parasympathetic nervous system:

(PSNS) is a division of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) that controls the activity of the smooth and cardiac muscles and glands.


🔸The somatic nervous system :


(SoNS), also known as the voluntary nervous system, is a part of the peripheral nervous system (PNS). It consists of neurons that are associated with skeletal or striated muscle fibers and influence voluntary movements of the body.


🔸Peripheral nervous system:

The portion of the nervous system that is outside the brain and spinal cord.

🔴MOA OF GANGLIONIC STIMULANTS🔴

➡️Combine with ganglionic nicotinic receptors on the postsynaptic membrane Leads membrane depolarization, Influx of sodium and calcium ions Generation of a fast excitatory - - postsynaptic potential . stimulation of autonomic ganglia and a complex pattern of mixed sympathetic and parasympathetic responses.

🔴MOA OF HEXAMETHONIUM🔴

➡️Hexamethonium is a non-depolarising ganglionic blocker, a nicotinic (nAChR) receptor antagonist that acts in autonomic ganglia by binding mostly in or on the nAChR receptor, and not the acetylcholine binding site itself.

🔴ADR OF GANGLIONIC BLOCKERS🔴

📌Orthostatic Collapse(Fall of arterial blood pressure)
📌Atony of intestine and urinary bladder
📌Constipation
📌Urinary Retention
📌Midrasis
📌Paralysis of accommodation
📌Dry mouth
📌Dysphagy
📌Dysarthria