MCQ NO 678 | Pharmacology
In case of hill journey, antimotion sickness drugs are best administered at
In case of hill journey, antimotion sickness drugs are best administered at
Anonymous Quiz
18%
(a) Twelve hours before commencing journey
49%
(b) One hour before commencing journey
17%
(c) Immediately after commencing journey
16%
(d) At the first feeling of motion sickness
MCQ NO 679 | Pharmacology
Metoclopramide blocks apomorphine induced vomiting, produces muscle dystonias and increases prolactin release indicates that it has
Metoclopramide blocks apomorphine induced vomiting, produces muscle dystonias and increases prolactin release indicates that it has
Anonymous Quiz
19%
(a) Anticholinergic action
30%
(b) Antihistaminic action
32%
(c) Anti 5-HT3 action
19%
(d) Antidopaminergic action
MCQ NO 680 | Pharmacology
Which prokinetic drug(s) produce(s) extrapyramidal side effects ?
Which prokinetic drug(s) produce(s) extrapyramidal side effects ?
Anonymous Quiz
21%
(a) Metoclopramide
18%
(b) Cisapride
12%
(c) Domperidone
49%
(d) All of these
🔴DEFINITION
🔶Emulsion =
An emulsion is mixture of two liquids that would not normally mix. That is to say, a mixture of two immiscible liquids.
🔶Stability of Emulsion =
The ability of an emulsion to retain its properties over time is known as the stability of an emulsion.
🔶Emulsifying agent or Emulsifier =
An emulsifier or emulsifying agent is a compound or substance that acts as a stabilizer for emulsions, preventing liquids that ordinarily don't mix from separating.
🔶 Surfactants =
The agents which are used in the formulations for decreasing the interfacial tension between solid and liquid and hence wetting of the solid occurs.
🔶 DEFINITION
Creaming=
It is the unwanted diffect in the emulsion in which droplets which having low density moves against gravity i.e. on the top of the emulsion.
🔶Emulsion =
An emulsion is mixture of two liquids that would not normally mix. That is to say, a mixture of two immiscible liquids.
🔶Stability of Emulsion =
The ability of an emulsion to retain its properties over time is known as the stability of an emulsion.
🔶Emulsifying agent or Emulsifier =
An emulsifier or emulsifying agent is a compound or substance that acts as a stabilizer for emulsions, preventing liquids that ordinarily don't mix from separating.
🔶 Surfactants =
The agents which are used in the formulations for decreasing the interfacial tension between solid and liquid and hence wetting of the solid occurs.
🔶 DEFINITION
Creaming=
It is the unwanted diffect in the emulsion in which droplets which having low density moves against gravity i.e. on the top of the emulsion.
🔴 Classification
General Classification of
Cosmetics :-
🔺1.Facial Cosmetics
Cleansing preparations, skin nourishing cosmetics, skin tonic, shaving cream, Make up Cosmetics (Face mark, Vanishing cream, powder, multipurpose creams for sports)
🔺2.Hair Cosmetics
Hair Dye, hair oil, hair creams, hair gels, anti-dandruff preparations, hair removing creams, Shampoos etc...
🔺3.Eye Cosmetics
Eye liners, Eye gloves, kajal, Surma, contact lens, eye brow pencils
🔺4.Dental and oral cavity cosmetics
Tooth paste, tooth powder, mouth washes, Gums, teeth whitenings, etc....
🔺5.Antiperspirants
Liquid, lotion, sticks, powder, etc..
🔺6.Deoderants
Powder, liquid, cream, sticks, etc...
🔺7.Nail cosmetics
Nail polish, Nail polish removing liquid, etc...
🔺8.Miscellaneous Cosmetics
Anti-stress mark, Black head removers, etc...
General Classification of
Cosmetics :-
🔺1.Facial Cosmetics
Cleansing preparations, skin nourishing cosmetics, skin tonic, shaving cream, Make up Cosmetics (Face mark, Vanishing cream, powder, multipurpose creams for sports)
🔺2.Hair Cosmetics
Hair Dye, hair oil, hair creams, hair gels, anti-dandruff preparations, hair removing creams, Shampoos etc...
🔺3.Eye Cosmetics
Eye liners, Eye gloves, kajal, Surma, contact lens, eye brow pencils
🔺4.Dental and oral cavity cosmetics
Tooth paste, tooth powder, mouth washes, Gums, teeth whitenings, etc....
🔺5.Antiperspirants
Liquid, lotion, sticks, powder, etc..
🔺6.Deoderants
Powder, liquid, cream, sticks, etc...
🔺7.Nail cosmetics
Nail polish, Nail polish removing liquid, etc...
🔺8.Miscellaneous Cosmetics
Anti-stress mark, Black head removers, etc...
🔴Mechanism
📌Enzyme Linked Receptor :-
•A group of transmembrane proteins that contain either intrinsic enzyme activity on their intracellular domain or associate directly with an intracellular enzyme.
•Upon ligand binding a conformational change is transmitted via a transmembrane helix which activates the enzyme,initiating signaling cascades.
🔹️5 main classes are distinguished by :
•Type of effector(e.g.kinase vs phosphatase)
•Target(Serine/threonine,tyrosine,histidine)
•Type of linkage between receptor and enzyme
●Receptor tyrosine kinase(-RTK)
●Tyrosine kinase linked receptor
●Receptor serine/threonine kinase
●Receptor guanylyl cyclase
●Histidine-kinase associated receptors
➡️Ligands bind to both receptors.
➡️The two receptor polypeptides aggregate forming a dimer.
➡️Activates the tyrosine-kinase parts of the dimer.
➡️Each phosphorylates(using ATP)the tyrosines on the tail of the other polypeptide.
➡️Receptor proteins are now recognized by relay proteins inside the cell.
➡️Relay proteins bind to the phosphorylated tyrosines(may activate 10 or more different transduction pathways).
📌Enzyme Linked Receptor :-
•A group of transmembrane proteins that contain either intrinsic enzyme activity on their intracellular domain or associate directly with an intracellular enzyme.
•Upon ligand binding a conformational change is transmitted via a transmembrane helix which activates the enzyme,initiating signaling cascades.
🔹️5 main classes are distinguished by :
•Type of effector(e.g.kinase vs phosphatase)
•Target(Serine/threonine,tyrosine,histidine)
•Type of linkage between receptor and enzyme
●Receptor tyrosine kinase(-RTK)
●Tyrosine kinase linked receptor
●Receptor serine/threonine kinase
●Receptor guanylyl cyclase
●Histidine-kinase associated receptors
➡️Ligands bind to both receptors.
➡️The two receptor polypeptides aggregate forming a dimer.
➡️Activates the tyrosine-kinase parts of the dimer.
➡️Each phosphorylates(using ATP)the tyrosines on the tail of the other polypeptide.
➡️Receptor proteins are now recognized by relay proteins inside the cell.
➡️Relay proteins bind to the phosphorylated tyrosines(may activate 10 or more different transduction pathways).
🔴ADR🔴
📌TERATOGENICITY :-
🔹️Teratology-It is the study of environmentally induced congenital malformations.Congenital malformations are non-reversible functional or morphological defects present at birth.They may not be detectable at birth and only become evident later in life.
🔹️A teratogen is an agent which by acting on the developing embryo or fetus can cause a structural anomaly.
•To date,very few drugs are proven teratogens.However malformations induced by drugs are important because they are potentially preventable.
🔹️Teratogenesis-It is a prenatal toxicity characterized by structural or functional defects in developing embryo or fetus.It also includes intrauterine growth retardation,death of the embryo or fetus and transplacental carcinogenesis(in which chemical exposure of the mother initiates cancer development in the embryo or fetus,resulting in cancer in the progeny after the birth).
📌TERATOGENICITY :-
🔹️Teratology-It is the study of environmentally induced congenital malformations.Congenital malformations are non-reversible functional or morphological defects present at birth.They may not be detectable at birth and only become evident later in life.
🔹️A teratogen is an agent which by acting on the developing embryo or fetus can cause a structural anomaly.
•To date,very few drugs are proven teratogens.However malformations induced by drugs are important because they are potentially preventable.
🔹️Teratogenesis-It is a prenatal toxicity characterized by structural or functional defects in developing embryo or fetus.It also includes intrauterine growth retardation,death of the embryo or fetus and transplacental carcinogenesis(in which chemical exposure of the mother initiates cancer development in the embryo or fetus,resulting in cancer in the progeny after the birth).
🔴ADR🔴
🔷️Intolerance:-
•Appearance of characteristic toxic effects of a drug in an individual at therapeutic doses.
•Converse of tolerance.
•Indicates a low threshold of individual.
✅E.g:-
•Triflupromazine(Single dose)---->Muscular dystonias in some individuals.
•Carbamazepine(Few doses)---->Ataxia in some individuals.
•Chloroquine(Single tablet)---->Vomiting and abdominal pain in some individuals.
🔷️Intolerance:-
•Appearance of characteristic toxic effects of a drug in an individual at therapeutic doses.
•Converse of tolerance.
•Indicates a low threshold of individual.
✅E.g:-
•Triflupromazine(Single dose)---->Muscular dystonias in some individuals.
•Carbamazepine(Few doses)---->Ataxia in some individuals.
•Chloroquine(Single tablet)---->Vomiting and abdominal pain in some individuals.
MCQ NO 681 | pharmaceutics
Relative sweetness of sucrose, to saccharin :
Relative sweetness of sucrose, to saccharin :
Anonymous Quiz
23%
(a) 1: 200
53%
(b) 1: 500
15%
(c) 1: 100
10%
(d) 1: 400
MCQ NO 682 | pharmaceutics
The Crystal form of Sulphacetamide is :
The Crystal form of Sulphacetamide is :
Anonymous Quiz
24%
(a) Rhombohedral
49%
(b) Orthorhombic
20%
(c) Monoclinic
7%
(d) Triclinic
MCQ NO 683 | pharmaceutical jurisprudence
As per the definition of D and C Act, Gudakhu (rubbed against human teeth) is considered as :
As per the definition of D and C Act, Gudakhu (rubbed against human teeth) is considered as :
Anonymous Quiz
7%
(a) Food
26%
(b) Drug
39%
(c) Sweeting gum
28%
(d) Cosmetic
MCQ NO 684 | pharmacognsy
In Aloe the mucilage containing parenchymatous cells are present in
In Aloe the mucilage containing parenchymatous cells are present in
Anonymous Quiz
44%
(a) Central parenchymatous region
26%
(b) Pericyclic cells
21%
(c) Epidermis
8%
(d) Vascular bundles
MCQ NO 685 | quality assurance
In International organization for standardization (ISO), standard pertaining to quality system model for quality assurance in production, installation and servicing is given under
In International organization for standardization (ISO), standard pertaining to quality system model for quality assurance in production, installation and servicing is given under
Anonymous Quiz
20%
(a) ISO 9002
39%
(b) ISO 9000
33%
(c) ISO 9001
9%
(d) ISO 9004
MCQ NO 686 | Pharmacology
Mechanical digestion in mouth in which food is mixed with saliva is and the movement of food from mouth into the stomach is
Mechanical digestion in mouth in which food is mixed with saliva is and the movement of food from mouth into the stomach is
Anonymous Quiz
57%
(a) Mastication; deglutition
23%
(b) Deglutition; propulsion
17%
(c) Segmentation; mastication
3%
(d) Segmentation; propulsion
MCQ NO 687 | pharmacognsy
In yam, the presence of, irregular arrangement of the fibres, the ends of which often project from the surface is because of
In yam, the presence of, irregular arrangement of the fibres, the ends of which often project from the surface is because of
Anonymous Quiz
23%
(a) Absence of linters
30%
(b) Absence of combing
32%
(c) Presence of impurities
14%
(d) Improper drying
MCQ NO 688 | organic chemistry
What is the approximate chemical shift ranges for protons attached to aldehydic groups?
What is the approximate chemical shift ranges for protons attached to aldehydic groups?
Anonymous Quiz
12%
(a) 4-8 δ
57%
(b) 9.5 - 10.0 δ
26%
(c) 6 - 7.9 δ
5%
(d) 1.5 - 3.5 δ
MCQ NO 689 | Pharmacology
Antifungal agent 5-fluorocytosine is converted to its active metabolite 5-fluorouracil by one of the following fungal enzyme
Antifungal agent 5-fluorocytosine is converted to its active metabolite 5-fluorouracil by one of the following fungal enzyme
Anonymous Quiz
18%
(a) Cytosine deacetylase
37%
(b) Cytosine reductase
30%
(c) Cytosine demethylase
15%
(d) Cytosine deaminase
MCQ NO 690 | Pharmaceutical analysis
Globar source in infra-red spectrophotometer is
Globar source in infra-red spectrophotometer is
Anonymous Quiz
31%
(a) Silicon carbide rod
36%
(b) Rhodium wire heated in ceramic
27%
(c) Tungsten filament
6%
(d) Nichrome wire
🔴DEFINITION
🔶skin moisturizers =
Moisturizer or moisturiser is a cosmetic preparation used for protecting, moisturizing, and lubricating the skin.
🔶Lipstick =
Lipstick is a cosmetic product containing pigments , oils , waxes and emollients that apply color , texture and protection to lips.
🔶skin moisturizers =
Moisturizer or moisturiser is a cosmetic preparation used for protecting, moisturizing, and lubricating the skin.
🔶Lipstick =
Lipstick is a cosmetic product containing pigments , oils , waxes and emollients that apply color , texture and protection to lips.
🔴DEFINITION
🔶Cosmetics =
superficial measures to make something appear better, more attractive, or more impressive.
🔶Cosmetic preparations=
(excluding soap) that are applied to the human body for beautifying, preserving, or altering the appearance or for cleansing, colouring, conditioning, or protecting the skin, hair, nails, lips, eyes, or teeth.
🔶Shampoo=
It is a preparation of a surfactant in a suitable form–liquid,solid or powder–which when used under the specified conditions will remove surface grease, dirt, and skin debris from the hair shaft and scalp without adversely affecting the user.
🔶Cosmetics =
superficial measures to make something appear better, more attractive, or more impressive.
🔶Cosmetic preparations=
(excluding soap) that are applied to the human body for beautifying, preserving, or altering the appearance or for cleansing, colouring, conditioning, or protecting the skin, hair, nails, lips, eyes, or teeth.
🔶Shampoo=
It is a preparation of a surfactant in a suitable form–liquid,solid or powder–which when used under the specified conditions will remove surface grease, dirt, and skin debris from the hair shaft and scalp without adversely affecting the user.