Chapter 7 Psychological Disorders

🔰 Nature of psychological Disorders

ሰላም ሰላም እንዴት ናቹህ?

🙌 ይህን ምዕራፍ በተወሰነ መልኩ በጹሁፍ አብዛኛውን ደግሞ በድምጽ የምናቀርብላቹ ይሆናል ።😉

Psychological disorder (Mental illness or mental health disorders) የምንላቸው በመጠናቸው ብዙ የአዕምሮ ህመሞችን የሚይዝ ሲሆን የእየለቱ ሁኔታችንን (Mood) አስተሳሰባችንን (Thinking) እና ባህርያችንን (Behavior ) የሚጎዱ ናቸው ።

Keep in mind 😳

❗Mental Helath Disorders affect our mood , thinking and behavior .

✍ሰዎች ስለ አዕምሮ ህመም ያላቸው ግንዛቤ እየተሻሻለ ቢመጣ ነገር ግን በአብዛኛው በሽታው ትኩረት የሚሰጠው የሚያሳየው ምልክትና በኛ ላይ የሚፈጥረው stress እንዲሁም የእለት ተእለት የመስራት አቅማችንን በተደጋጋሚ ሲጎዳ ብቻ ነው ።

✍ አንድ ሰው የአዕምሮ ጤና ዕክል አለበት ወይስ የለበትም ለማለት የምንጠቀምባቸው መስፈርቶች ምን ይመስላቹሀል ? 😎

Keep in mind 😳

❗ Abnormality , maladaptivness & Personal distress are the three main criterias.

✅ Abnormality :

What is abnormal behavior ?😟

Abnormal behavior ማለት አንድ ሰው ከማህበረሰቡ እንዲሁም ከሀይማኖት አንፃር ትክክለኛ ተብለው ከሚወከሉ ወይንም ከሚወሰዱ ባህርያት የወጣ ባህሪ የሚያሳይ ወይንም የሚታይበት ከሆነ ያ ባህሪ Abnormal ይባላል ።

✍ When someone's behavior abnormal he or she violates the norm stanadards rules and regulation of the society and her or his religion .

አንድ ሰው የሚያሳየው ባህሪ Abnormal ነው ከማለታችን በፊት አንድ ነገር ግን ልናጤን ይገባል ❗ Abnormal behaviouሩ የተከሰተበትን ሁኔታ ( context ) ማገናዘብ ይገባል ።

Keep in mind 😳

❕Only abnormal behaviour can't be sufficient for diagnosis of psychological disorder .

Abnormal behaviour መታየቱ ብቻውን❗ አንድ ሰው በ አዕምሮ በሽታ ተጠቂ ነው ብለን እንድንደመድም አያስችለንም ።

✅ Maladaptiveness

ይህ ደሞ የሚገልጸው ሰውየው የሚያሳየው ባህሪ ከሰው ጋር ያለውን ግንኙነት( personal relationship) ፣ ማህበራዊ ህይወቱን(social life) ፣ የስራ ሁኔታውን ( work) እና የእለተእለት እንቅስቃሴውን( day to day function) ይጎዳል ወይ የሚለውን ነው ።

✅ Personal distress

ይህ የመጨረሻው መስፈርት (criteria) ሲሆን ሰውየው ምን ያህል ለ ተለያዩ አስደሳች ላልሆኑ ስሜቶች ማለትም Anxiety stress Tension ተጋላጭ ሆኗል የሚለውን ይገልጽልናል ።

Keep in mind ones 😳

❗ሶስቱም መስፈርቶች ብቻቸውን በቂ አይደሉም ነገር ግን አንድ ሰው psychological disorder እንዳለበትና እንደሌለበት ሊያመለክቱን ይችላሉ ።

🔰 Treatment Techniques

Medication ( using medicines) , talk theraphy ወይንም የሁለቱ ቅልቅል psychological Disorder ለማከም ወይንም ለማስታገስ ጥቅም ላይ ይውላል ።

❓ Students 😁 psychotherapy ምንድነው

Psychotherapy እነዚህን👇 4 ነገሮች ሊያሟላ ይገባል

1⃣ A positive and healty relationship between the trained psychotherapist and patient.

✍ ህክምና በሚሰጠው እና በታካሚው መካከል መልካም ጤናማ ግንኙነት ሊኖር ይገባል ።

2⃣ Recognizable mental helath issues whether diagnosable or not .

✍ አስቀድሞ የበሽታው አይነት እንዲሁም የመዳን እድሉ መታወቅ ይኖርበታል ።

3⃣ Agreement on the basic goal of treatment .
✍ በሽታውን ከተቻለ ሙሉ ለሙሉ ለማጥፋት ካልሆነ መጠኑን ለመቀነስ በምንወስዳቸው እርምጃዎችና ሂደት ላይ መግባባት ።

4⃣ working together as a team to achieve these goals .

😁 በመጨረሻም በ ሀኪሙና በ ታካሚው መካከል በጋራ የመስራት ሁኔታ መኖር ይገባል ።

✅ Treatment Approaches

❓ Students 😁 psychotherapist ምንድነው

Psychotherapist እንዚህን 👇 ሊያሟላ ይገባል ❗

✍ Empathy

ለታካሚው የሀዘን ስሜት ሊያሳይ ይገባል 😔 ያን ካረገ የታካሚውን ስሜት አስተሳሰብ እና ባህሪ ለመረዳት ያግዘዋል ።

✍ Being non judgmental .

ምንም አይነት ዳኝነት የመስጠት ሁኔታ ማለትም ጥሩ አላረክም ምን ነካህ 😬 የመሳሰሉትን ማሳየት እንዳይኖርበት ይመከራል ።

✍ must be well experienced

በሙያው የካበተ ልምድናና በበቂ የሰለጠነ መሆን አለበት ።

Keep in mind 😳

❗Therapists can approch patients through different angles Eventhough the ultimate goal is to treat the illness.

There are 3 approaches
1⃣ Cognitive :

Psychological disorders arise from irrational or faulty thinkong.

2⃣ Behavioral :

Psychological disorders arise from behaviors which we have learned over a years through reinforcement .

3⃣ Psychodynamic or dynamic

Psychological Disorders beginning in early childhoods .


✅ Treatment modalities

✍Individual theraphy

One to one 😁

✍ Group theraphy

ከ 3-5 እስከ 15-20 ሰዎችን ሊይዝ ይችላል እነዚ ሰዎች ግን ተመሳሳይ ችግር የሚታይባቸው እስከሆነ ድረስ ብቻ ነው ይህ Group theraphy ተግባራዊ የሚሆነው ።

📮 Family and couple issues ሲኖር ተመራጭ ነው ።

Keep in mind 😳

❗Group theraphy often utilized where individuals suffering from similar issues meet together with one or more than one therapists .

❗some therapy can include more than one modality .

❕Theraphy is not only one to one relationship between a patient and a therapists as often thought .

📓Physics 2013/14 CoC Exam

📍Metu University

#pharmacy


📌 INTRODUCTION TO HUMAN ANATOMY SHORT NOTE

👀👀 ይሄን ያውቁ ኖሯል
For #Health Coc Examinees, Depending on last Year exam, Bio questions which were claimed to be Difficult were almost from human Immunology and Physiology. Here is some of the General Knowledge you should Master

💥🔥🌝SUMMARY OF HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY

1🍁: Number of Muscles 639

2🍁: Number of Kidneys 2

3🍁: Number of Milk Teeth 20

4🍁: Number of Ribs 24 (12 pair)

5🍁: Number of Heart Chamber 4

6🍁: Largest artery Aorta

7🍁: Normal blood pressure
120/80mmHg

8🍁: Ph of Blood 7.4

9🍁: Number of vertebrae in the Spine 33

10🍁: Number of vertebrae in the Neck 7

11🍁: Number of Bones in Middle Ear 6

12🍁: Number of Bones in Face 14

13🍁: Number of Bones in Skull 22

14🍁: Number of Bones in Chest 25

15🍁: Number of Bones in Arms 6

16🍁: Number of Muscles in Human Arm 72

17🍁: Number of Pumps in Heart 2

18🍁: Largest Organ Skin

19🍁: Largest gland Liver

20🍁: Biggest cell female Ovum

21🍁: Smallest cell male Sperm

22🍁: Smallest Bone Stape

23🍁: First transplanted Organ Heart

24🍁: Average length of Small Intestine 7m

25🍁: Average length of Large Intestine 1.5m

26🍁: Average weight of new Born baby 2.6kg

27🍁: Pulse rate in One Minute 72 times

28🍁: Normal body temperature 37 C° (98.4 F°)

29🍁: Average Blood Volume 4 to 5 liters

30🍁: Life Span of RBC 120 days

31🍁: Life Span of WBC 13to 20 days

32🍁: Pregnancy Period 280 days (40 week)

33🍁: Number of Bones in Human Foot 33

34🍁: Number of Bones in Each wrist 8

35🍁: Number of Bones in Hand 27

36🍁: Largest Endocrine gland Thyroid

37🍁: Largest Lymphatic Organ Spleen

38🍁: Largest part of Brain Cerebrum

39🍁: Largest & Strongest Bone Femur

40🍁: Smallest Muscle Stapedius (Middle Ear)

41🍁: Number of Chromosome 46 (23 pair)

42🍁: Number of Bones in new Born baby 306

43🍁: Viscosity of Blood 4.5 to 5.5

44🍁: Universal Donor Blood Group O

45🍁: Universal Recipient Blood Group AB

46🍁: Largest WBC Monocyte

47🍁: Smallest WBC Lymphocyte lb

48🍁: Increase RBC count called Polycethemia

49🍁: Blood Bank in the Body is Spleen

50🍁: Non Nucleated Blood cell is RBC

51🍁: RBC produced in the Bone Marrow

52🍁: River of Life is Called Blood

53🍁: Normal Blood Cholesterol level 250mg/dl

54🍁: Fluid part of Blood is Plasma

55🍁: Normal Blood Sugar 100 gm
@G---Tutorial