1. Kinematics: the study of motion without considering forces
2. Dynamics: the study of motion and forces that cause it
3. Newton's second law of motion: F = ma, where F is force, m is mass, and a is acceleration
4. Conservation of momentum: total momentum in a closed system remains constant if no external forces act on it
5. Work-energy theorem: work done on a system plus change in potential energy equals final kinetic energy
6. Energy conservation: energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred or transformed
7. Power: rate at which work is done or energy is transferred
8. Kinetic energy: energy possessed by an object due to its motion
9. Potential energy: energy possessed by an object due to its position or configuration
10. Thermodynamics: the study of heat and temperature and how they relate to energy and systems.

1. What is an atom?
a) A collection of subatomic particles
b) A simple machine designed to lift heavy objects
c) An ancient Greek philosopher known for his teachings on ethics and morality
d) A mythical creature with wings and the ability to breathe fire
2. How many subatomic particles make up an atom?
a) 7
b) 9
c) 108
d) 118
3. Which element has the atomic number 6?
a) Oxygen
b) Carbon
c) Nitrogen
d) Hydrogen
4. What is proton?
a) An electron orbiting around the nucleus of an atom
b) The positively charged particle found in the nucleus of an atom
c) A negatively charged particle found in the nucleus of an atom
d) The centrally located point in an atom containing all its mass
5. What is neutron?
a) A positively charged particle found in the nucleus of an atom
b) The negatively charged particle found in the nucleus of an atom
c) An uncharged particle found in the nucleus of an atom
d) A high-energy particle emitted during nuclear reactions
6. What is electron?
a) A positively charged particle found in the nucleus of an atom
b) The negatively charged particle found in the nucleus of an atom
c) An uncharged particle found in the nucleus of an atom
d) A high-energy particle emitted during nuclear reactions
7. Atoms have how many energy levels?
a) One
b) Two
c) Three
d) Four
8. What is the difference between an ion and a neutral atom?
a) Ions have one or more electrons missing, while neutral atoms have a complete valence shell.
b) Neutral atoms have one or more electrons missing, while ions have a full complement of electrons.
c) Ions have one or more neutrons missing, while neutral atoms have a full complement of neutrons.
d) Neutral atoms have one or more neutrons missing, while ions have a full complement of neutrons.
9. How do elements combine to form compounds?
a) Elements only bond through electrostatic attraction.
b) Elements only bond through covalent bonds.
c) Elements can bond through both electrostatic attraction and covalent bonds.
d) Elements never bond to form compounds.
10. What is a chemical compound?
a) A group of atoms held together by weak forces such as gravity.
b) A combination of two or more elements that share common properties and behave similarly.
c) A mixture of two or more elements with no shared properties.
d) A single element that exhibits multiple forms depending on temperature and pressure.

የ2016 ዓ.ም የ12ኛ ክፍል ብሔራዊ ፈተና በሰኔ ወር እንደሚሰጥ የትምህርት ምዘናና ፈተናዎች አገልግሎት አሳውቋል።

በዚህ ዓመት የሚሰጠውን የ12ኛ ክፍል ሀገር አቀፍ ፈተና ለመውሰድ ከ670 ሺህ በላይ ተማሪዎች ምዝገባ ማድረጋቸውን የአገልግሎቱ ዋና ዳይሬክተር እሸቱ ከበደ (ዶ/ር) በቅርቡ መግለፃቸው ይታወሳል፡፡

የፀጥታ ችግር ካለባቸው አካባቢዎች በስተቀር በአብዛኛው የአገሪቱ አካባቢዎች የተማሪዎች ምዝገባ መጠናቀቁም ተገልጿል።

via @tikvahuniversity

Top 4 formulas:

1. Newton's Second Law of Motion:
  
    F = ma

   This formula relates the force F acting on an object to its mass m and acceleration a. It is a fundamental law in classical mechanics and describes how the motion of an object changes when a force is applied to it.

2. Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation:
  
    F = (G · m_1 · m_2)/(r^2)

   This formula describes the attractive force between two objects with masses m_1 and m_2 separated by a distance r. G is the gravitational constant.

3. Einstein's Mass-Energy Equivalence (E=mc^2):
  
    E = mc^2

   This famous equation from Einstein's theory of relativity states that energy (E) is equal to mass (m) times the speed of light (c) squared. It highlights the relationship between mass and energy.



   Ohm's Law relates the voltage (V) across a conductor, the current (I) flowing through it, and the resistance (R) of the conductor. It is essential in understanding the behavior of electrical circuits.

4. Coulomb's Law:
  
    F = (k · |q_1 · q_2|)/(r^2)

  

Shocking የሚያስደነግጥ
Frustrating የሚያናድድ
Relaxing የሚያዝናና
Fascinating መሳጭ
Tiring አድካሚ
Embarrassing የሚያሳፍር
Exhausting አድካሚ

🧿 English vocabulary:

1. What does the word "exquisite" mean?
   a) Ugly
   b) Ordinary
   c) Beautiful
   d) Boring

2. Which word is an antonym for "vivid"?
   a) Dull
   b) Lively
   c) Bright
   d) Colorful

3. What is the synonym of "ardent"?
   a) Passionate
   b) Indifferent
   c) Boring
   d) Cold

4. Which word means "to make better"?
   a) Deteriorate
   b) Worsen
   c) Improve
   d) Decline

5. What does "surreptitious" mean?
   a) Open
   b) Secret
   c) Loud
   d) Public

6. Which word means "to support or uphold"?
   a) Oppose
   b) Denounce
   c) Advocate
   d) Criticize

7. What is the opposite of "frugal"?
   a) Wasteful
   b) Generous
   c) Stingy
   d) Thrifty

8. Which word means "to express sorrow or regret"?
   a) Celebrate
   b) Rejoice
   c) Lament
   d) Praise

9. What does "intrepid" mean?
   a) Cowardly
   b) Fearless
   c) Timid
   d) Anxious

10. Which word means "extremely happy"?
   a) Sorrowful
   b) Jubilant
   c) Melancholy
   d) Depressed

11. What is the synonym of "ephemeral"?
   a) Eternal
   b) Temporary
   c) Permanent
   d) Lasting

12. What does "ubiquitous" mean?
   a) Rare
   b) Scarce
   c) Commonplace
   d) Occasional

13. Which word means "to weaken gradually"?
   a) Strengthen
   b) Diminish
   c) Enhance
   d) Amplify

14. What is the antonym of "ambiguous"?
   a) Clear
   b) Uncertain
   c) Vague
   d) Doubtful

15. Which word means "extreme greed for wealth or material gain"?
   a) Generosity
   b) Charity
   c) Avarice
   d) Altruism

16. What does "enigmatic" mean?
   a) Simple
   b) Mysterious
   c) Obvious
   d) Transparent

17. Which word means "to remove impurities from"?
   a) Pollute
   b) Purify
   c) Contaminate
   d) Tarnish

18. What is the synonym of "amicable"?
   a) Friendly
   b) Hostile
   c) Aggressive
   d) Adversarial

19. Which word means "to mock or ridicule"?
   a) Praise
   b) Admire
   c) Ridicule
   d) Honor

20. What does "pristine" mean?
   a) Dirty
   b) Clean
   c) Polluted
   d) Tainted


━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ @TopperTutor

👉BIOLOGY 👇
1. Which of the following is an example of a simple carbohydrate?
a. Starch
b. Cellulose
c. Glucose
d. Glycogen

2. Which of the following is an example of a complex carbohydrate?
a. Glucose
b. Sucrose
c. Starch
d. Fructose

3. Which of the following vitamins is water-soluble?
a. Vitamin A
b. Vitamin D
c. Vitamin E
d. Vitamin C

4. Which of the following minerals is important for bone health?
a. Iron
b. Calcium
c. Zinc
d. Selenium



5. Which of the following trace minerals is required for the synthesis of thyroid hormones?
a. Iron
b. Zinc
c. Iodine
d. Copper

6.  Which of the following is a condition that can occur due to a lack of carbohydrates in the diet?
a. Diabetes
b. Obesity
c. Anemia
d. Ketosis

7. Which of the following is a common symptom of iron deficiency?
a. Diarrhea
b. Anemia
c. Night blindness
d. Beriberi

8. An elderly man complains of poor night vision. Ophthalmic exam reveals corneal lesions and retinal hemorrhages. Which vitamin deficiency is most probable?
a) Thiamine
b) Niacin
c) Vitamin A
d) Vitamin C

9. What is the probability of having a child with cystic fibrosis if both parents are carriers of the gene but do not have the disease?
a. 0%
b. 25%
c. 50%
d. 75%

10. An older adult with a poor diet is diagnosed with megaloblastic anemia. Which vitamin deficiency is the most probable cause?
a) Folate
b) Vitamin B12
c) Vitamin C
d) Vitamin D

11. Which of the following is an example of a dominant genetic disorder?
a. Huntington's disease
b. Sickle cell anemia
c. Cystic fibrosis
d. Hemophilia

12. Which of the following is a bacterial disease that is typically spread through contaminated food or water?
a. Tuberculosis
b. Tetanus
c. Cholera
d. Malaria

13. Which of the following is a common method of controlling the growth of microorganisms in food?
a. Refrigeration
b. Exposure to sunlight
c. Adding sugar
d. Washing with soap and water

14. Which of the following is a recommended way to reduce the risk of heart disease?
a. Smoking cigarettes
b. Eating a high-fat diet
c. Regular exercise
d. Avoiding fruits and vegetables

15. A 4-year-old child is brought to the clinic with complaints of bone pain and difficulty walking. Physical examination reveals bowed legs and enlarged joints. Radiographic findings show abnormal bone growth. Which vitamin deficiency is the most likely cause of these symptoms?

A. Marasmus
B. Scurvy
C. Rickets
D. Kwashiorkor

@TopperTutor

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Here are the top 10 formulas in science:

1. The Pythagorean Theorem: a^2 + b^2 = c^2
2. The quadratic formula: x = -b ± √b^2 - 4ac / 2a
3. The area of a circle: A = πr^2
4. The volume of a sphere: V = 4/3πr^3
5. The ideal gas law: PV = nRT
6. The law of conservation of energy: E = ΔE + W
7. The law of conservation of momentum: p = mv
8. The second law of thermodynamics: ΔS ≥ 0
9. The equation of motion: F = ma
10. The law of universal gravitation: F = Gm1m2 / r^2

Multiple-choice word analogy questions along with explanations for each:

📌መልስ blur የሆነው spoiler ነው ከሰራችሁ ቦኃላ ነክታችሁ ከራሳቹ መልስ ጋር አስተያዩ ☺️

1. "Ocean" is to "Water" as "Forest" is to:
   a) Grass
   b) Leaves
   c) Trees
   d) Animals
   Answer: c) Trees
   Explanation: The ocean is made up of water, just as the forest is made up of trees.

2. "Sun" is to "Day" as "Moon" is to:
   a) Night
   b) Stars
   c) Sky
   d) Darkness
   Answer: a) Night
   Explanation: The sun is associated with the day, and similarly, the moon is associated with the night.

3. "Butterfly" is to "Cocoon" as "Bird" is to:
   a) Eggs
   b) Nest
   c) Wings
   d) Beak
   Answer: a) Eggs
   Explanation: A butterfly emerges from a cocoon, and a bird hatches from an egg.

4. "Library" is to "Books" as "Garden" is to:
   a) Trees
   b) Flowers
   c) Soil
   d) Seeds
   Answer: b) Flowers
   Explanation: Libraries house books, and gardens are known for their flowers.

5. "Doctor" is to "Hospital" as "Teacher" is to:
   a) Classroom
   b) Books
   c) Students
   d) Exams
   Answer: a) Classroom
   Explanation: Doctors work in hospitals, just as teachers work in classrooms.

6. "Fish" is to "Swim" as "Bird" is to:
   a) Walk
   b) Fly
   c) Sing
   d) Nest
   Answer: b) Fly
   Explanation: Fish swim in water, and birds fly in the air.

7. "Pen" is to "Ink" as "Pencil" is to:
   a) Eraser
   b) Lead
   c) Paper
   d) Sharpener
   Answer: b) Lead
   Explanation: Pens use ink to write, and pencils use lead.

8. "Car" is to "Road" as "Boat" is to:
   a) Ocean
   b) Sky
   c) Dock
   d) Captain
   Answer: a) Ocean
   Explanation: Cars drive on roads, while boats sail on the ocean.

9. "Candle" is to "Flame" as "Lamp" is to:
   a) Wire
   b) Light
   c) Shade
   d) Switch
   Answer: b) Light
   Explanation: A candle has a flame, and a lamp produces light.

10. "Bee" is to "Honey" as "Cow" is to:
    a) Meat
    b) Hay
    c) Milk
    d) Grass
    Answer: c) Milk
    Explanation: Bees produce honey, and cows produce milk.

11. "Journey" is to "Travel" as "Study" is to:
    a) Learn
    b) School
    c) Read
    d) Homework
    Answer: a) Learn
    Explanation: A journey involves travel, just as studying involves learning.

12. "Rain" is to "Wet" as "Fire" is to:
    a) Heat
    b) Smoke
    c) Ashes
    d) Burn
    Answer: a) Heat
    Explanation: Rain makes things wet, while fire produces heat.

13. "Plane" is to "Fly" as "Submarine" is to:
    a) Dive
    b) Float
    c) Sail
    d) Sink
    Answer: a) Dive
    Explanation: Planes fly in the air, whereas submarines dive underwater.

14. "Clock" is to "Time" as "Thermometer" is to:
    a) Heat
    b) Temperature
    c) Weather
    d) Rain
    Answer: b) Temperature
    Explanation: A clock measures time, and a thermometer measures temperature.

15. "Doctor" is to "Medicine" as "Chef" is to:
    a) Ingredients
    b) Knife
    c) Food
    d) Recipe
    Answer: c) Food
    Explanation: Doctors work with medicine, while chefs work with food.

16. "Arrow" is to "Bow" as "Bullet" is to:
    a) Gun
    b) Cannon
    c) Bulletproof vest
    d) Knife
    Answer: a) Gun
    Explanation: An arrow is shot from a bow, just as a bullet is shot from a gun.

17. "Piano" is to "Music" as "Brush" is to:
    a) Art
    b) Paint
    c) Canvas
    d) Easel
    Answer: a) Art
    Explanation: The piano is associated with music, and a brush is associated with art.

18. "Earth" is to "Planet" as "Country" is to:
    a) City
    b) Continent
    c) Nation
    d) Capital
    Answer: b) Continent
    Explanation: The Earth is a planet, and a country is part of a continent.

19. "Ruler" is to "Measure" as "Compass" is to:
    a) Guide
    b) Direction
    c) Distance
    d) Map
    Answer: b) Direction
    Explanation: A ruler is used to measure, and a compass is used to determine direction.

20. "Painter" is to "Brush" as "Writer" is to:
    a) Pen
    b) Paper
    c) Laptop
    d) Typewriter
    Answer: a) Pen