(1/n) Human coronavirus evolve antigenically to escape antibody immunity. This new study shows this clearly: https://journals.plos.org/plospathogens/article?id=10.1371/journal.ppat.1009453
The current #COVIDVaccination campaign is very questionable.

(2/n) Even if the #COVIDVaccines would produce long-lived & effective antobodies, there is antigenic evolution of coronaviruses.
#SARSCoV2 most probably shows antigenic evolution to escape #vaccine-induced antibodies.

(3/n) The authors conclude: "Strangely, the possibility of antigenic evolution by coronaviruses has received only modest attention ...".
Human coronaviruses seem to have evolved to escape neutralizing immunity.

(4/n) How to solve this dilemma? According to the authors, the #COVIDVaccines need to be periodically updated & administered. Like the influenza vaccine.
I think this will be implemented in the near future.
The rate of side effects caused by this approach will be dramatic ...

(1/n) Antibody dependent enhancement seems to happen in people receiving #vaccines based on the
original Wuhan strain spike sequence & then exposed to a Delta #SARSCoV2 variant!
This is the results of a new study: https://journalofinfection.com/article/S0163-4453(21)00392-3/fulltext

(2/n) Antibody dependent enhancement of Delta variants is a potential risk for current #COVIDVaccines:

A 33 year old man
- 8 days after #COVIDVaccination (#COVAXIN): swelling under both eyes. Day 25: shortness of breath
- Diagnosis: hyper-eosinophilia with multiorgan involvement of skin, subcutaneous tissue & myocardium (myocarditis)
Case from #India
https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-806335/v1

"...our data highlight a strong variability in the antibody levels and in the neutralization profiles. The reason behind this “interindividual heterogeneity” is not yet clear":
https://researchsquare.com/article/rs-783298/v1
The vaccine-induced neutralizing antibody titres vary largely between subjects:

"There is evidence of myocardial inflammation & injury following #COVIDVaccination"... "The prognostic significance, long-term implications & mechanism ... needs to be studied further, especially as vaccination efforts are rolled out to younger children."
https://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/early/2021/08/12/peds.2021-053427.long

63 patients (mean age: 15.6 years!). 92% were male.
All had received #COVIDVaccines &, except for one, presented following the 2nd dose.
- 4 had dysrhythmia
- 14% had mild left ventricular dysfunction
- 88% had myocarditis
https://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/early/2021/08/12/peds.2021-053427.long
Study from #USA

(2/1) 4 patients, ages 20 to 30, presented with myocarditis characterized by chest pain, elevations in troponin-I & CRP, and negative viral serologies 2 to 4 days following #COVIDVaccination: https://sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666602221000409?via%3Dihub

(2/2) "It remains unclear why younger patients are more prone to develop this adverse effect." ... :

SARS-CoV-2 positivity is strongly and inversely associated with circulating vitamin D (i.e. 25(OH)D) levels: https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0239252
#vitaminD #SARS_CoV_2 #COVID19 #Covid_19
The lower the vitamin D level in the blood, the higher chance of having a positive PCR #SARS_CoV_2 test

15 children (median age: 15 y) with myocarditis after #COVIDVaccination:
- Troponin levels were elevated in all patients at admission (median, 0.25 ng/mL) & peaked 0.1-2.3 days after admission
- "...long-term risks remain unknown"
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamacardiology/fullarticle/2783052

A case of varicella–zoster virus reactivation after receiving the second dose of the #Pfizer–#BioNTech #CovidVaccine:
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs00011-021-01491-w
"... it is reasonable to hypothesize that the vaccination-induced immune stress triggered the varicella–zoster virus reactivation ..."

Case of herpes zoster after getting the #CovidVaccine
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs00011-021-01491-w
Report from #Turkey

A 33-year-old man
- 9 dayss after getting the #CovidVaccine (#AstraZeneca): headache & vomiting
- 3 days later: admitted to the ER; sudden onset of a tingling sensation in the right arm & mental change
- intracerebral hemorrhage
- he died
https://jkms.org/DOIx.php?id=10.3346/jkms.2021.36.e223
Case from #Korea

7 cases of herpes zoster (i.e. reactivation of varicella zoster virus, VZV) after receiving the #CovidVaccine:
https://mdpi.com/2076-393X/9/6/572/htm
"Reactivation of VZV is a failure of the T cell compartment to maintain control of the infection"
Case report from #Greece

A case of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) after #COVID19 vaccination: https://jhoonline.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13045-021-01100-7
HLH: a severe & life-threatening hyperinflammatory syndrome caused by aberrant activation of macrophages & cytotoxic T cells
- Case from #China

Cases of autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) induced by the Covidvaccine:
https://journal-of-hepatology.eu/article/S0168-8278(21)01965-6/fulltext
"... we need to remain vigilant & stay open to the idea that #SARSCoV2 infection and its vaccines may induce autoimmune processes, including AIH."

A 24-year-old male
- 1 day after receiving the second dose of the #CovidVaccine (#Pfizer-#BioNTech): chest pain, myalgia & fatigue
- Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging showed acute myocarditis
https://jkms.org/DOIx.php?id=10.3346/jkms.2021.36.e229
Case from #Korean

When you die from vaccine-induced thrombosis & thrombocytopenia (VITT) as a side-effect from the #CovidVaccine and you agreed to donate your organs, your organs will be use for organ transplantation.
Receiving such an organ is risky: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ajt.16802

A 52-old male
- After the 2nd #COVIDVaccination: skin ulcers on the hand & feet
- Blood count: leukocytosis (30.4×10^9/L). A leukemoid reaction. Either a reactivation of a latent infection or an autoimmune reaction

A case from #Turkey
Thanks @sheishuman89 for sharing the case

(1/n) All #COVIDVaccines are based on the Wuhan-1 strain.
But #SARSCoV2 has changed (Alpha, Delta, Lambda etc. variants). Vaccinations based on the Wuhan-1 will induce two effects (https://medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.12.21261952v1):
- a) Decreased antibody reactivity to the current (and future) variants: