in the early 1800s, scientists began understanding the value of the microscope in medical research.
While studying medicine at Penn, Joseph Leidy trained in microscopy, the science of using a microscope to view tiny objects too small to be seen with the naked eye.
After earning his medical degree from Penn in 1844, he practiced medicine for several years before pursuing his greatest love: medical investigative procedures.
Leidy devoted his career to the study of living organisms, and revolutionized the medical profession through his research methods, medical discoveries, and teaching.
In just the first few years of his career, he became known as the nation’s foremost microscopist. Leidy’s impressive production of papers resulted in more than 800 scientific articles published during his lifetime.
Leidy is believed to be the first person to help solve a murder mystery by using a microscope in forensic medicine. In 1846, he examined blood on the shirt of an accused murderer and determined that the blood was from a human and not the blood of a chicken, as the suspect had claimed. The suspect later confessed to the murder.
Through examinations of fossils found on the West Coast, he discovered many extinct species. And, even before Charles Darwin published his theory of evolution and natural selection, Leidy had written about variations of species, the disappearance of old species, and the appearance of new species. Leidy was an early supporter of Darwin’s theory when it was published in 1859.
Leidy is credited with determining that the parasitic disease trichinosis was caused by eating raw or undercooked pork or wild game, and that cooking the meats longer would kill the parasites.
Leidy’s microscope (pictured) is housed among the collections of the University Archives and Records Center.
A Penn professor of anatomy, Leidy also founded the Department of Biology in 1885, which he chaired until his death in 1891 at the age of 67.
While studying medicine at Penn, Joseph Leidy trained in microscopy, the science of using a microscope to view tiny objects too small to be seen with the naked eye.
After earning his medical degree from Penn in 1844, he practiced medicine for several years before pursuing his greatest love: medical investigative procedures.
Leidy devoted his career to the study of living organisms, and revolutionized the medical profession through his research methods, medical discoveries, and teaching.
In just the first few years of his career, he became known as the nation’s foremost microscopist. Leidy’s impressive production of papers resulted in more than 800 scientific articles published during his lifetime.
Leidy is believed to be the first person to help solve a murder mystery by using a microscope in forensic medicine. In 1846, he examined blood on the shirt of an accused murderer and determined that the blood was from a human and not the blood of a chicken, as the suspect had claimed. The suspect later confessed to the murder.
Through examinations of fossils found on the West Coast, he discovered many extinct species. And, even before Charles Darwin published his theory of evolution and natural selection, Leidy had written about variations of species, the disappearance of old species, and the appearance of new species. Leidy was an early supporter of Darwin’s theory when it was published in 1859.
Leidy is credited with determining that the parasitic disease trichinosis was caused by eating raw or undercooked pork or wild game, and that cooking the meats longer would kill the parasites.
Leidy’s microscope (pictured) is housed among the collections of the University Archives and Records Center.
A Penn professor of anatomy, Leidy also founded the Department of Biology in 1885, which he chaired until his death in 1891 at the age of 67.
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Ordo Templi Orientis (O.T.O.; lit. 'Order of the Temple of the East' or 'Order of Oriental Templars') is an occult initiatory organization founded at the beginning of the 20th century. The origins of the O.T.O. can be traced back to the German-speaking occultists Carl Kellner, Heinrich Klein, Franz Hartmann and Theodor Reuss. Later, the O.T.O. was significantly shaped by the English author and occultist Aleister Crowley.
After Crowley's death in 1947, four main branches of the O.T.O. have claimed exclusive descent from the original organization and primacy over the other ones. The most important and visible of these is the Caliphate O.T.O., incorporated by Crowley's student Grady McMurtry in 1979.
After Crowley's death in 1947, four main branches of the O.T.O. have claimed exclusive descent from the original organization and primacy over the other ones. The most important and visible of these is the Caliphate O.T.O., incorporated by Crowley's student Grady McMurtry in 1979.
Originally it was intended to be modeled after and associated with European Freemasonry, such as Masonic Templar organizations, but under the leadership of Aleister Crowley, O.T.O. was reorganized around Crowley's Thelema as its central religious principle. One of the major features and core teachings of the organization is its practice of sex magic.
Similar to many secret societies, O.T.O. membership is based on an initiatory system with a series of degree ceremonies that use ritual drama.
Similar to many secret societies, O.T.O. membership is based on an initiatory system with a series of degree ceremonies that use ritual drama.
Fraternitas Saturni (lat.: "Brotherhood of Saturn") is a German magical order, founded in 1926 by Eugen Grosche a.k.a. Gregor A. Gregorius and four others. It is one of the oldest continuously running magical groups in Germany. The lodge is, as Gregorius states, "concerned with the study of esotericism, mysticism, and magic in the cosmic sense".Today its purpose is in working on the spiritual evolution of humanity by means of development and advancement of the individual being. This is to be attained by mental and ethical schooling of the personality and complete mastery of esotericism and occultism. The FS adopts a system of degrees, ending with the 33rd as highest degree to reach this goal. The lodge claims further no political or economical objectives. It propagates ideals of freedom, tolerance and fraternity
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Forwarded from David