Forwarded from Insider Paper
NEW: Health agency says ‘long COVID’ doesn’t exist, calling it ‘unnecessary fear’
READ: https://insiderpaper.com/health-agency-says-long-covid-doesnt-exist-calling-it-unnecessary-fear/
READ: https://insiderpaper.com/health-agency-says-long-covid-doesnt-exist-calling-it-unnecessary-fear/
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Göktürk is sometimes interpreted as either "Celestial Turk" or "Blue Turk" (i.e. because sky blue is associated with celestial realms).This is consistent with "the cult of heavenly ordained rule" which was a recurrent element of Altaic political culture and as such may have been imbibed by the Göktürks from their predecessors in Mongolia. "Blue" is traditionally associated with the East as it used in the cardinal system of central Asia, thus meaning "Turks of the East". The name of the ruling Ashina clan may derive from the Khotanese Saka term for "deep blue", āššɪna
The name as used by the Göktürks only applied to themselves, the Göktürk khanates, and their subjects. The Göktürks did not consider other Turkic speaking groups such as the Uyghurs, Tiele, and Kyrgyz to be Türks. In the Orkhon inscriptions, the Toquz Oghuz and the Yenisei Kyrgyz are not referred to as Türks. Similarly, the Uyghurs called themselves Uyghurs and used Türk exclusively for the Göktürks, whom they portrayed as enemy aliens in their royal inscriptions. The Khazars may have kept the Göktürk tradition alive by claiming descent from the Ashina. When tribal leaders built their khanates, ruling over assorted tribes and tribal unions, the collected people identified themselves politically with the leadership. Turk became the designation for all subjects of the Turk empires.
***Khazars
The name as used by the Göktürks only applied to themselves, the Göktürk khanates, and their subjects. The Göktürks did not consider other Turkic speaking groups such as the Uyghurs, Tiele, and Kyrgyz to be Türks. In the Orkhon inscriptions, the Toquz Oghuz and the Yenisei Kyrgyz are not referred to as Türks. Similarly, the Uyghurs called themselves Uyghurs and used Türk exclusively for the Göktürks, whom they portrayed as enemy aliens in their royal inscriptions. The Khazars may have kept the Göktürk tradition alive by claiming descent from the Ashina. When tribal leaders built their khanates, ruling over assorted tribes and tribal unions, the collected people identified themselves politically with the leadership. Turk became the designation for all subjects of the Turk empires.
***Khazars
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The First Turkic Khaganate and contemporary polities, circa 576
The Göktürk rulers originated from the Ashina clan, who were first attested to in 439.
According to the Book of Sui and the Tongdian, they were "mixed Hu (barbarians)" (雜胡) from Pingliang (平涼).
Chinese sources linked the Hu on their northern borders to the Xiongnu just as Graeco-Roman historiographers called the Pannonian Avars, Huns and Hungarians “Scythians". Such archaizing was a common literary topos, implying similar geographic origins and nomadic lifestyle but not direct filiation.
The Göktürk rulers originated from the Ashina clan, who were first attested to in 439.
According to the Book of Sui and the Tongdian, they were "mixed Hu (barbarians)" (雜胡) from Pingliang (平涼).
Chinese sources linked the Hu on their northern borders to the Xiongnu just as Graeco-Roman historiographers called the Pannonian Avars, Huns and Hungarians “Scythians". Such archaizing was a common literary topos, implying similar geographic origins and nomadic lifestyle but not direct filiation.
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According to Charles Holcombe, the early Turk population was rather heterogeneous and many of the names of Turk rulers, including the two founding members, are not even Turkic.This is supported by evidence from the Orkhon inscriptions, which include several non-Turkic lexemes, possibly representing Uralic or Yeniseian words. Peter Benjamin Golden points out that the khaghans of the Turkic Khaganate, the Ashina, who were of an undetermined ethnic origin, adopted Iranian and Tokharian (or non-Altaic) titles. German Turkologist W.-E. Scharlipp points out that many common terms in Turkic are Iranian in origin.
The Göktürks succeeded the Rouran Khaganate as the main power in the region, and gained hold of the lucrative Silk Road trade.
The Göktürks succeeded the Rouran Khaganate as the main power in the region, and gained hold of the lucrative Silk Road trade.
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Peter Paul Rubens' Death of Semele, caused by the Theophany of Zeus without a mortal disguise.
Theophanies were reenacted at a number of Greek sites and festivals. At Delphi the Theophania was an annual festival in spring celebrating the return of Apollo from his winter quarters in Hyperborea.
**gods who came from above
Theophanies were reenacted at a number of Greek sites and festivals. At Delphi the Theophania was an annual festival in spring celebrating the return of Apollo from his winter quarters in Hyperborea.
**gods who came from above
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Pleistocene Park - Wikipedia
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleistocene_Park
Pleistocene Park is a nature reserve on the Kolyma River south of Chersky in the Sakha Republic, Russia, in northeastern Siberia, where an attempt is being made to re-create the northern subarctic steppe grassland ecosystem that flourished in the area during the last glacial period.
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleistocene_Park
Pleistocene Park is a nature reserve on the Kolyma River south of Chersky in the Sakha Republic, Russia, in northeastern Siberia, where an attempt is being made to re-create the northern subarctic steppe grassland ecosystem that flourished in the area during the last glacial period.
Wikipedia
Pleistocene Park
ecological experiment
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The Potsdam Giants: How the King of Prussia ‘bred’ an army of super soldiers
The official name of Frederick William’s regiment was “The Grand Grenadiers of Potsdam” but they were almost universally known as “The Potsdam Giants” or “The Long Guys”. The only requirement for joining the regiment was that potential recruits had to be over six feet tall.
In some ways the Giants were given exclusive treatment by the king. They were kitted out in fine blue uniforms, including a Grenadier cap that was 45cm high to make them appear even taller. They were also given excellent accommodation and ate the best food. Rates of pay were determined by height alone. The taller you were, the more money you received. Nevertheless, these privileges disguised the fact that the most of the Giants were reluctant soldiers and their life was dominated by the odd whims and demands of their erstwhile monarch.
Some of the Giants willingly volunteered themselves for service but many were abducted, sold or even bred into the regiment. Frederick William paid fathers for their tall sons and landowners for their tallest farm hands. Newborn babies were marked with a bright red scarf for identification purposes if they were considered to become unusually tall. Foreign rulers would send the king their tallest soldiers to encourage friendly relations
The official name of Frederick William’s regiment was “The Grand Grenadiers of Potsdam” but they were almost universally known as “The Potsdam Giants” or “The Long Guys”. The only requirement for joining the regiment was that potential recruits had to be over six feet tall.
In some ways the Giants were given exclusive treatment by the king. They were kitted out in fine blue uniforms, including a Grenadier cap that was 45cm high to make them appear even taller. They were also given excellent accommodation and ate the best food. Rates of pay were determined by height alone. The taller you were, the more money you received. Nevertheless, these privileges disguised the fact that the most of the Giants were reluctant soldiers and their life was dominated by the odd whims and demands of their erstwhile monarch.
Some of the Giants willingly volunteered themselves for service but many were abducted, sold or even bred into the regiment. Frederick William paid fathers for their tall sons and landowners for their tallest farm hands. Newborn babies were marked with a bright red scarf for identification purposes if they were considered to become unusually tall. Foreign rulers would send the king their tallest soldiers to encourage friendly relations
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