Told in Stone (2021). The Lost Greek Cities of Central Asia. [online] Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k0pddroJqt8 [Accessed 11 Jan. 2023].

Wannaporn Rienjang and Peter Stewart (2019). The Global Connections of Gandhāran Art.

"Alexander the Great crossed the Hindu Kush in 327 BCE... The so-called Greco-Bactrians then stayed on that side of the Hindu Kush until the beginning of the 2nd century BCE. After the fall of the Mauryan Empire, and pushed by an invading group of Scythian nomads called Shakas, they moved eastwards and settled in Gandhāra. This Indo-Greek empire reached its pinnacle during the reign of King Menander (155–130 BCE). From the end of the Mauryan Empire there were numerous invasions of Gandhāra, and the Parthians finally succeeded in conquering the Indo-Greeks. With the advance of the nomadic Indo-European Kushans, a tribe of Chinese origin, the situation stabilized at end of the 1st century BCE... indigenous art takes the impulses of – above all – Greek art, but also Bactrian and Parthian art to create specific content, and an idiosyncratic form language."

Simone Voegtle (2020). Semiotic investigations regarding image transfer in the art of Gandhāra.

I wasn’t going to post this, but you started it 🫢