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๐Ÿ‘ซ Preparing for Data Science Interviews


๐Ÿ‘จ๐Ÿปโ€๐Ÿ’ป I've been collecting a variety of data science interview questions for different positions for a few weeks now.


โœ… I covered everything, from basic to advanced:

Common Data Science and ML Questions (34 questions)

Regression (22 questions)

Classification (39 questions)

SVM algorithms, decision tree

Simple Bayes and statistical discussions and...


๐Ÿšจ This list is regularly updated and categorized so that you can easily prepare for the interview step by step.๐Ÿ‘‡


โ”Œ๐Ÿ“ Interview Questions
โ””๐Ÿฑ GitHub-Repos

#DataScience #InterviewPrep #MLInterviews #DataScientist #MachineLearning #TechCareers #DSInterviewQuestions #GitHubResources #CareerInDataScience #CodingInterview



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Anyone trying to deeply understand Large Language Models.

Checkout
Foundations of Large Language Models


by Tong Xiao & Jingbo Zhu. Itโ€™s one of the clearest, most comprehensive resource.

โญ๏ธ Paper Link: arxiv.org/pdf/2501.09223

#LLMs #LargeLanguageModels #AIResearch #DeepLearning #MachineLearning #AIResources #NLP #AITheory #FoundationModels #AIUnderstanding

๏ปฟ

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๐Ÿฅ‡ 40+ Real and Free Data Science Projects

๐Ÿ‘จ๐Ÿปโ€๐Ÿ’ป Real learning means implementing ideas and building prototypes. It's time to skip the repetitive training and get straight to real data science projects!

๐Ÿ”† With the DataSimple.education website, you can access 40+ data science projects with Python completely free ! From data analysis and machine learning to deep learning and AI.

โœ๏ธ There are no beginner projects here; you work with real datasets. Each project is well thought out and guides you step by step. For example, you can build a stock forecasting model, analyze customer behavior, or even study the impact of major global events on your data.

โ”Œ๐Ÿณ๏ธโ€๐ŸŒˆ 40+ Python Data Science Projects
โ”” ๐ŸŒŽ Website

#DataScience #PythonProjects #MachineLearning #DeepLearning #AIProjects #RealWorldData #OpenSource #DataAnalysis #ProjectBasedLearning #LearnByBuilding


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๐—ฌ๐—ผ๐˜‚๐—ฟ_๐——๐—ฎ๐˜๐—ฎ_๐—ฆ๐—ฐ๐—ถ๐—ฒ๐—ป๐—ฐ๐—ฒ_๐—œ๐—ป๐˜๐—ฒ๐—ฟ๐˜ƒ๐—ถ๐—ฒ๐˜„_๐—ฆ๐˜๐˜‚๐—ฑ๐˜†_๐—ฃ๐—น๐—ฎ๐—ป.pdf
7.7 MB
1. Master the fundamentals of Statistics

Understand probability, distributions, and hypothesis testing

Differentiate between descriptive vs inferential statistics

Learn various sampling techniques

2. Get hands-on with Python & SQL

Work with data structures, pandas, numpy, and matplotlib

Practice writing optimized SQL queries

Master joins, filters, groupings, and window functions

3. Build real-world projects

Construct end-to-end data pipelines

Develop predictive models with machine learning

Create business-focused dashboards

4. Practice case study interviews

Learn to break down ambiguous business problems

Ask clarifying questions to gather requirements

Think aloud and structure your answers logically

5. Mock interviews with feedback

Use platforms like Pramp or connect with peers

Record and review your answers for improvement

Gather feedback on your explanation and presence

6. Revise machine learning concepts

Understand supervised vs unsupervised learning

Grasp overfitting, underfitting, and bias-variance tradeoff

Know how to evaluate models (precision, recall, F1-score, AUC, etc.)

7. Brush up on system design (if applicable)

Learn how to design scalable data pipelines

Compare real-time vs batch processing

Familiarize with tools: Apache Spark, Kafka, Airflow

8. Strengthen storytelling with data

Apply the STAR method in behavioral questions

Simplify complex technical topics

Emphasize business impact and insight-driven decisions

9. Customize your resume and portfolio

Tailor your resume for each job role

Include links to projects or GitHub profiles

Match your skills to job descriptions

10. Stay consistent and track progress

Set clear weekly goals

Monitor covered topics and completed tasks

Reflect regularly and adapt your plan as needed


#DataScience #InterviewPrep #MLInterviews #DataEngineering #SQL #Python #Statistics #MachineLearning #DataStorytelling #SystemDesign #CareerGrowth #DataScienceRoadmap #PortfolioBuilding #MockInterviews #JobHuntingTips


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rnn.pdf
5.6 MB
๐Ÿ” Understanding Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) Cheat Sheet!
Recurrent Neural Networks are a powerful type of neural network designed to handle sequential data. They are widely used in applications like natural language processing, speech recognition, and time-series prediction. Here's a quick cheat sheet to get you started:

๐Ÿ“˜ Key Concepts:
Sequential Data: RNNs are designed to process sequences of data, making them ideal for tasks where order matters.
Hidden State: Maintains information from previous inputs, enabling memory across time steps.
Backpropagation Through Time (BPTT): The method used to train RNNs by unrolling the network through time.

๐Ÿ”ง Common Variants:
Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM): Addresses vanishing gradient problems with gates to manage information flow.
Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU): Similar to LSTMs but with a simpler architecture.

๐Ÿš€ Applications:
Language Modeling: Predicting the next word in a sentence.
Sentiment Analysis: Understanding sentiments in text.
Time-Series Forecasting: Predicting future data points in a series.

๐Ÿ”— Resources:
Dive deeper with tutorials on platforms like Coursera, edX, or YouTube.
Explore open-source libraries like TensorFlow or PyTorch for implementation.
Let's harness the power of RNNs to innovate and solve complex problems! ๐Ÿ’ก

#RNN #RecurrentNeuralNetworks #DeepLearning #NLP #LSTM #GRU #TimeSeriesForecasting #MachineLearning #NeuralNetworks #AIApplications #SequenceModeling #MLCheatSheet #PyTorch #TensorFlow #DataScience


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A curated collection of Kaggle notebooks showcasing how to build end-to-end AI applications using Hugging Face pretrained models, covering text, speech, image, and vision-language tasks โ€” full tutorials and code available on GitHub:

1๏ธโƒฃ Text-Based Applications

1.1. Building a Chatbot Using HuggingFace Open Source Models

https://lnkd.in/dku3bigK

1.2. Building a Text Translation System using Meta NLLB Open-Source Model

https://lnkd.in/dgdjaFds

2๏ธโƒฃ Speech-Based Applications

2.1. Zero-Shot Audio Classification Using HuggingFace CLAP Open-Source Model

https://lnkd.in/dbgQgDyn

2.2. Building & Deploying a Speech Recognition System Using the Whisper Model & Gradio

https://lnkd.in/dcbp-8fN

2.3. Building Text-to-Speech Systems Using VITS & ArTST Models

https://lnkd.in/dwFcQ_X5

3๏ธโƒฃ Image-Based Applications

3.1. Step-by-Step Guide to Zero-Shot Image Classification using CLIP Model

https://lnkd.in/dnk6epGB

3.2. Building an Object Detection Assistant Application: A Step-by-Step Guide

https://lnkd.in/d573SvYV

3.3. Zero-Shot Image Segmentation using Segment Anything Model (SAM)

https://lnkd.in/dFavEdHS

3.4. Building Zero-Shot Depth Estimation Application Using DPT Model & Gradio

https://lnkd.in/d9jjJu_g

4๏ธโƒฃ Vision Language Applications

4.1. Building a Visual Question Answering System Using Hugging Face Open-Source Models

https://lnkd.in/dHNFaHFV

4.2. Building an Image Captioning System using Salesforce Blip Model

https://lnkd.in/dh36iDn9

4.3. Building an Image-to-Text Matching System Using Hugging Face Open-Source Models

https://lnkd.in/d7fsJEAF

โžก๏ธ You can find the articles and the codes for each article in this GitHub repo:

https://lnkd.in/dG5jfBwE

#HuggingFace #Kaggle #AIapplications #DeepLearning #MachineLearning #ComputerVision #NLP #SpeechRecognition #TextToSpeech #ImageProcessing #OpenSourceAI #ZeroShotLearning #Gradio

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The 2025 MIT deep learning course is excellent, covering neural networks, CNNs, RNNs, and LLMs. You build three projects for hands-on experience as part of the course. It is entirely free. Highly recommended for beginners.

Enroll Free: https://introtodeeplearning.com/

#DeepLearning #MITCourse #NeuralNetworks #CNN #RNN #LLMs #AIForBeginners #FreeCourse #MachineLearning #IntroToDeepLearning #AIProjects #LearnAI #AI2025

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This book covers foundational topics within computer vision, with an image processing and machine learning perspective. We want to build the readerโ€™s intuition and so we include many visualizations. The audience is undergraduate and graduate students who are entering the field, but we hope experienced practitioners will find the book valuable as well.

Our initial goal was to write a large book that provided a good coverage of the field. Unfortunately, the field of computer vision is just too large for that. So, we decided to write a small book instead, limiting each chapter to no more than five pages. Such a goal forced us to really focus on the important concepts necessary to understand each topic. Writing a short book was perfect because we did not have time to write a long book and you did not have time to read it. Unfortunately, we have failed at that goal, too.

Read it online: https://visionbook.mit.edu/

#ComputerVision #ImageProcessing #MachineLearning #CVBook #VisualLearning #AIResources #ComputerVisionBasics #MLForVision #AcademicResources #LearnComputerVision #AIIntuition #DeepLearning


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Over the last year, several articles have been written to help candidates prepare for data science technical interviews. These resources cover a wide range of topics including machine learning, SQL, programming, statistics, and probability.

1๏ธโƒฃ Machine Learning (ML) Interview
Types of ML Q&A in Data Science Interview
https://shorturl.at/syN37

ML Interview Q&A for Data Scientists
https://shorturl.at/HVWY0

Crack the ML Coding Q&A
https://shorturl.at/CDW08

Deep Learning Interview Q&A
https://shorturl.at/lHPZ6

Top LLMs Interview Q&A
https://shorturl.at/wGRSZ

Top CV Interview Q&A [Part 1]
https://rb.gy/51jcfi

Part 2
https://rb.gy/hqgkbg

Part 3
https://rb.gy/5z87be

2๏ธโƒฃ SQL Interview Preparation
13 SQL Statements for 90% of Data Science Tasks
https://rb.gy/dkdcl1

SQL Window Functions: Simplifying Complex Queries
https://t.ly/EwSlH

Ace the SQL Questions in the Technical Interview
https://lnkd.in/gNQbYMX9

Unlocking the Power of SQL: How to Ace Top N Problem Questions
https://lnkd.in/gvxVwb9n

How To Ace the SQL Ratio Problems
https://lnkd.in/g6JQqPNA

Cracking the SQL Window Function Coding Questions
https://lnkd.in/gk5u6hnE

SQL & Database Interview Q&A
https://lnkd.in/g75DsEfw

6 Free Resources for SQL Interview Preparation
https://lnkd.in/ghhiG79Q

3๏ธโƒฃ Programming Questions
Foundations of Data Structures [Part 1]
https://lnkd.in/gX_ZcmRq

Part 2
https://lnkd.in/gATY4rTT

Top Important Python Questions [Conceptual]
https://lnkd.in/gJKaNww5

Top Important Python Questions [Data Cleaning and Preprocessing]
https://lnkd.in/g-pZBs3A

Top Important Python Questions [Machine & Deep Learning]
https://lnkd.in/gZwcceWN

Python Interview Q&A
https://lnkd.in/gcaXc_JE

5 Python Tips for Acing DS Coding Interview
https://lnkd.in/gsj_Hddd

4๏ธโƒฃ Statistics
Mastering 5 Statistics Concepts to Boost Success
https://lnkd.in/gxEuHiG5

Mastering Hypothesis Testing for Interviews
https://lnkd.in/gSBbbmF8

Introduction to A/B Testing
https://lnkd.in/g35Jihw6

Statistics Interview Q&A for Data Scientists
https://lnkd.in/geHCCt6Q

5๏ธโƒฃ Probability
15 Probability Concepts to Review [Part 1]
https://lnkd.in/g2rK2tQk

Part 2
https://lnkd.in/gQhXnKwJ

Probability Interview Q&A [Conceptual Questions]
https://lnkd.in/g5jyKqsp

Probability Interview Q&A [Mathematical Questions]
https://lnkd.in/gcWvPhVj

๐Ÿ”œ All links are available in the GitHub repository:
https://lnkd.in/djcgcKRT

#DataScience #InterviewPrep #MachineLearning #SQL #Python #Statistics #Probability #CodingInterview #AIBootcamp #DeepLearning #LLMs #ComputerVision #GitHubResources #CareerInDataScience


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10 GitHub repos to build a career in AI engineering:

(100% free step-by-step roadmap)

1๏ธโƒฃ ML for Beginners by Microsoft

A 12-week project-based curriculum that teaches classical ML using Scikit-learn on real-world datasets.

Includes quizzes, lessons, and hands-on projects, with some videos.

GitHub repo โ†’ https://lnkd.in/dCxStbYv

2๏ธโƒฃ AI for Beginners by Microsoft

This repo covers neural networks, NLP, CV, transformers, ethics & more. There are hands-on labs in PyTorch & TensorFlow using Jupyter.

Beginner-friendly, project-based, and full of real-world apps.

GitHub repo โ†’ https://lnkd.in/dwS5Jk9E

3๏ธโƒฃ Neural Networks: Zero to Hero

Now that youโ€™ve grasped the foundations of AI/ML, itโ€™s time to dive deeper.

This repo by Andrej Karpathy builds modern deep learning systems from scratch, including GPTs.

GitHub repo โ†’ https://lnkd.in/dXAQWucq

4๏ธโƒฃ DL Paper Implementations

So far, you have learned the fundamentals of AI, ML, and DL. Now study how the best architectures work.

This repo covers well-documented PyTorch implementations of 60+ research papers on Transformers, GANs, Diffusion models, etc.

GitHub repo โ†’ https://lnkd.in/dTrtDrvs

5๏ธโƒฃ Made With ML

Now itโ€™s time to learn how to go from notebooks to production.

Made With ML teaches you how to design, develop, deploy, and iterate on real-world ML systems using MLOps, CI/CD, and best practices.

GitHub repo โ†’ https://lnkd.in/dYyjjBGb

6๏ธโƒฃ Hands-on LLMs

- You've built neural nets.
- You've explored GPTs and LLMs.

Now apply them. This is a visually rich repo that covers everything about LLMs, like tokenization, fine-tuning, RAG, etc.

GitHub repo โ†’ https://lnkd.in/dh2FwYFe

7๏ธโƒฃ Advanced RAG Techniques

Hands-on LLMs will give you a good grasp of RAG systems. Now learn advanced RAG techniques.

This repo covers 30+ methods to make RAG systems faster, smarter, and accurate, like HyDE, GraphRAG, etc.

GitHub repo โ†’ https://lnkd.in/dBKxtX-D

8๏ธโƒฃ AI Agents for Beginners by Microsoft

After diving into LLMs and mastering RAG, learn how to build AI agents.

This hands-on course covers building AI agents using frameworks like AutoGen.

GitHub repo โ†’ https://lnkd.in/dbFeuznE

9๏ธโƒฃ Agents Towards Production

The above course will teach what AI agents are. Next, learn how to ship them.

This is a practical playbook for building agents covering memory, orchestration, deployment, security & more.

GitHub repo โ†’ https://lnkd.in/dcwmamSb

๐Ÿ”Ÿ AI Engg. Hub

To truly master LLMs, RAG, and AI agents, you need projects.

This covers 70+ real-world examples, tutorials, and agent app you can build, adapt, and ship.

GitHub repo โ†’ https://lnkd.in/geMYm3b6

#AIEngineering #MachineLearning #DeepLearning #LLMs #RAG #MLOps #Python #GitHubProjects #AIForBeginners #ArtificialIntelligence #NeuralNetworks #OpenSourceAI #DataScienceCareers


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Auto-Encoder & Backpropagation by hand โœ๏ธ lecture video ~ ๐Ÿ“บ https://byhand.ai/cv/10

It took me a few years to invent this method to show both forward and backward passes for a non-trivial case of a multi-layer perceptron over a batch of inputs, plus gradient descents over multiple epochs, while being able to hand calculate each step and code in Excel at the same time.

= Chapters =
โ€ข Encoder & Decoder (00:00)
โ€ข Equation (10:09)
โ€ข 4-2-4 AutoEncoder (16:38)
โ€ข 6-4-2-4-6 AutoEncoder (18:39)
โ€ข L2 Loss (20:49)
โ€ข L2 Loss Gradient (27:31)
โ€ข Backpropagation (30:12)
โ€ข Implement Backpropagation (39:00)
โ€ข Gradient Descent (44:30)
โ€ข Summary (51:39)

#AIEngineering #MachineLearning #DeepLearning #LLMs #RAG #MLOps #Python #GitHubProjects #AIForBeginners #ArtificialIntelligence #NeuralNetworks #OpenSourceAI #DataScienceCareers


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Introduction to Deep Learning.pdf
10.5 MB
Introduction to Deep Learning
As we continue to push the boundaries of what's possible with artificial intelligence, I wanted to take a moment to share some insights on one of the most exciting fields in AI: Deep Learning.

Deep Learning is a subset of machine learning that uses neural networks to analyze and interpret data. These neural networks are designed to mimic the human brain, with layers of interconnected nodes (neurons) that process and transmit information.

What makes Deep Learning so powerful?

Ability to learn from large datasets: Deep Learning algorithms can learn from vast amounts of data, including images, speech, and text.
Improved accuracy: Deep Learning models can achieve state-of-the-art performance in tasks such as image recognition, natural language processing, and speech recognition.
Ability to generalize: Deep Learning models can generalize well to new, unseen data, making them highly effective in real-world applications.
Real-world applications of Deep Learning
Computer Vision: Self-driving cars, facial recognition, object detection
Natural Language Processing: Language translation, text summarization, sentiment analysis
Speech Recognition: Virtual assistants, voice-controlled devices.

#DeepLearning #AI #MachineLearning #NeuralNetworks #ArtificialIntelligence #DataScience #ComputerVision #NLP #SpeechRecognition #TechInnovation

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GPU by hand โœ๏ธ I drew this to show how a GPU speeds up an array operation of 8 elements in parallel over 4 threads in 2 clock cycles. Read more ๐Ÿ‘‡

CPU
โ€ข It has one core.
โ€ข Its global memory has 120 locations (0-119).
โ€ข To use the GPU, it needs to copy data from the global memory to the GPU.
โ€ข After GPU is done, it will copy the results back.

GPU
โ€ข It has four cores to run four threads (0-3).
โ€ข It has a register file of 28 locations (0-27)
โ€ข This register file has four banks (0-3).
โ€ข All threads share the same register file.
โ€ข But they must read/write using the four banks.
โ€ข Each bank allows 2 reads (Read 0, Read 1) and 1 write in a single clock cycle.

#AIEngineering #MachineLearning #DeepLearning #LLMs #RAG #MLOps #Python #GitHubProjects #AIForBeginners #ArtificialIntelligence #NeuralNetworks #OpenSourceAI #DataScienceCareers


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