Xenotransplantation, or cross-species transplantation, involves transplanting organs, tissues, or cells from one species to another, primarily from animals to humans, to address the shortage of human donor organs.

The charter issued by Queen Elizabeth I to the East India Company in 1600 was called: "The Royal Charter of 1600" - granted on 31st December 1600, officially titled: “The Governor and Company of Merchants of London Trading into the East Indies”

Allowed the company to:
» Wage war
» Build fortifications
» Establish settlements
» Form treaties with local rulers
» Mint coins

Society exists only as a mental concept; In the real world, there are only individuals. - Oscar Wilde

2024 PT5 - Mini Moon
Earth’s gravitational field temporarily captured a small asteroid named 2024 PT5 which behaved as a ‘mini moon’.
» Mini-moons are asteroids that fail to escape Earth’s gravity and end up orbiting the planet for some time.
» They are usually very small and hard to detect — only four mini-moons of Earth have ever been discovered, and none are still orbiting Earth.
» These events are relatively frequent, with similar occurrences happening every few decades.

No matter how tall the mountain is, the sun always rises.

A Biofoundry is an advanced facility designed for automated, high-throughput biological engineering. It integrates biotechnology, automation, and artificial intelligence to design, build, test, and learn (DBTL) from biological systems quickly and efficiently. Biotech can be considered equivalent of a chip fabrication lab—but instead of semiconductors, it engineers living systems like microbes, plants, and enzymes.

The Quantum Hall Effect (QHE) is a phenomenon in physics that happens when electrons are confined to move in two dimensions (2D), placed in a strong magnetic field, and cooled to very low temperatures.

The Wood Wide Web is a nickname for the underground network of fungi that connects the roots of trees and plants in a forest.

Just like the internet connects computers, this fungal network connects trees — allowing them to communicate, share nutrients, and help each other. Fungi (called mycorrhizal fungi) live on and around tree roots. These fungi form thin thread-like structures (called hyphae) that connect trees to each other underground.

Through this network, trees can:
» Send nutrients (like carbon, nitrogen, and water)
» Warn other trees about pests or disease
» Help weaker or younger trees by giving them extra food

Congratulations to all who have cleared UPSC CSE 2024.

Its a proud moment for Civils Front team for the success of Many of our PSIR Civils Front Community members -

1) TRILOK SINGH – AIR -20
2) RAVULA JAYASIMHA REDDY – AIR- 46
3) ASHUTOSH MISHRA – AIR- 198
4) PRIYA -AIR- 219
5) ADITYA ACHARYA – AIR-96
6) ZINNIA AURORA – AIR- 156
7) AAKASH GUPTA – AIR- 431
8) AKASH KUMAR - AIR - 466
9) ANSHUL YADAV – AIR – 473
10) MUKUL GABA – AIR-494
11) A MADHU – AIR - 544
12) RITWIK RAI – AIR – 602
13) DHAKANE SAURAV RAJENDRA – AIR – 628
14) POONAM SINGH – AIR - 648
15) SAHIL MEENA – AIR – 670
16) THAKRE NAMRATA ANIL –AIR – 671
17) JANARDAN YADAV – AIR- 710
18) NITISH KUMAR – AIR –771
19) DHEERAJ KUMAR PANCHAL – AIR – 774
20) RAJBIRINDER SINGH - AIR - 780
21) WANGE SAMPADA DHARMARAJ – AIR- 839

We are still counting....

@PSIRdoubts

https://youtu.be/zHSL-8hkwIc

A must watch interview with Priya AIR 219 - where we have discussed about PSIR preparation and strategy to improve score and also so many regular queries related to PSIR.

UPSC ye ek competitive exam hai ❌
UPSC ek Selection process ✅

Its time to break the myths. Its not the competition between aspirants or candidates.
Yaha hame kisise jyada ya kisise kam score nahi karna hai, yaha hame apna best possible score leke aana hai.
I feel bad when we fall in a trap of competition.
Agar aap in 2 words ko samjhoge toh isme se ek positive hai aur ek negative hai.
Selection - ye ek positive word hai
Competition - ye ek negative word hai
Ham Selection ke baare me sochte hi nahi hai, ham har baar jab bhi baat karte hai..toh yahi kehte hai ki yaar kitna competition hai. Are we realising that we are everyday and everytime feeding negative emotions in us. Ham khudko negative chije feed kar rahe hai..
ye ek competitive exam hai, isme hame bakiyo se better karna hai.....bakiyo se better karne ki process me ham khud ke lacuna's ya kamiya jo hai, unko samajh hi nahi pate.
ham hamare prep me jo gaps hai usko identify hi nahi kar pate, qki hamara focus toh is chij me laga hua hai ki mai bakiyo se aage kaise jau - ..usne kya kiya hai ...mai bhi wahi karunga.
usne kaise kiya hai, mai bhi same waisa hi karunga...kyu ?
kyuki mujhe uske aage jana hai.
First imp thing jo hame samajhni hai - wo yeh ki ham jis ke saath compete kar rahe hai - wo is pure selection process me kaha stand karta hai, hame nahi pata, wo bas is pure process ka 0.000000001 part hai...
1, 2, 3 ya 50 ya 100 logo ki class me kisi test me khudka rank dekh ke ham bilkul bhi nahi judge kar payenge ki ham kaha stand karte hai

In simple words. - its a selection process. You have to clear each and every stage. For that u need to keep assessing your performance not in comparison with others but with your own performance in specific subject. Identify gaps in ur prep, chart out the best strategy to address them, keep adding knowledge and understanding in your own by continuous revision, reading and practice..try to be even more and more deserving candidate in this selection process, for that u need to work upon ur capabilities. become more capable in every manner of prep..

Cherish this process, feel the improvements in you on daily basis, celebrate ur positives and reduce ur lacunas...make urself the most deserving candidate.
Always think of Selection not of competition.
aapko kisise competition me jitana nahi hai, aapko is process me select hona hai.
Think of getting selected this year and You will be. Have faith. Change the mindset, result will also change for positive.

U can connect with me on telegram on @PSIRdoubts

Admit Cards are out, pls download.

Click here to download: https://upsconline.gov.in/eadmitcard/admitcard_csp_2025/

UPSC Calendar 2026