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Bitcoin is not decentralised because it has a peer network for miners. It is not decentralised because lots of people can do this. Rather, what made bitcoin into a decentralised system of exchange was the fact that you could do SPV and IP to IP transactions.

Decentralised and without intermediaries means that Alice and Bob can communicate directly. For example, Alice can exchange a transaction with Bob, and Bob can send the transaction to be registered. That is how you make a decentralised system. The nodes form a distributed intermediary, but they are not decentralised or involved in creating a decentralised exchange. It is rather the direct transmission from Alice to Bob without the nodes that makes a Blockchain decentralised.

Whilst the nodes form a peer-to-peer network; this has nothing to do with what people tout as decentralisation.

P2P is not an intermediary as cash.

It is as a large (AML) value exchange

CSW
Aug 30, 2021
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https://t.me/CSW_Slack/2942
Treating people with different skin colours differently is merely a way of ensuring that these groups of people stay poor.

There is very little stopping a talented or intelligent individual from starting their own business in any Western country today. You do not need to raise a lot of capital to be a programmer; you need skills as a programmer. There is nothing at all (other than talent) stopping you from creating an app on one of the app stores and selling it.

Enterpreaunerial skills are not taught in school but need to be learned through experience. This is trial and error. People from Africa come to the United States and create companies and products. Nothing stops people in the United States of any skin colour from doing this. Most importantly, when you release an App nobody even knows what your skin colour is.

Apple do not care about your skin colour. Samsung do not care about your skin colour. Google do not care about your skin colour. None of these companies know what your religion or race is when you create an app. The only reason you don’t achieve is because you don’t try.

Indigenous people in the Pacific Islands now have the opportunity to create and sell products that Americans will use. If people keep using this blame based socialist BS, they will stay poor. If they don’t want to be poor, they have the opportunity to do something.

Movements like black lives matters are insidious cancers designed to promote socialism. They keep people poor.

Rather than teaching people that they have opportunities to develop alternative methodologies and processes and form companies, they say you are a victim and teach people to be victims.

If you care about poverty or people in need, you need to stop promoting these lies that we need to blame people for the past and start teaching people to enable themselves and have dignity and embrace competition and capitalism because that is how you get ahead.

If you want to see social mobility through this world, stop creating a world of blame games and stopping part of those. Stop allowing people to be victims and teach them to take control of their lives.

In a world that has no concept of what race or skin colour, or religion you are, the problem is now up to you to solve. Nothing stops you from making a business other than your own actions.

CSW
Aug 30, 2021
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Unfortunately, a major problem stems from a lack of understanding and many common terms today. Turing completeness does not require an infinite tape and, it was not an infinite tape that Turing mentioned in his paper; it was an unbounded system. Importantly, you cannot have a Turing machine with an infinite tape rather than an unbounded tape by definition. An infinite tape is not related to a problem that can be computed.

The first part of this that you need to remember is that a Turing machine can compute any computable problem. Not all algorithms can be computed. Saying that you can run a program that never halts is not creating a Turing machine. That also isn’t an infinite tape; it is an unbounded system. By definition, any unbounded system is always infinitely smaller than the infinite.

Bitcoin is a Turing complete system even in script. A Turing machine assumes that you have an unbounded tape. In this instance, it would mean an unbounded script size. Given an arbitrarily long script, you can run any possible computable algorithm. The fact that the size of the script becomes unwieldy is irrelevant. Not all Turing machines are efficient. However, there is nothing in the foundations of Turing machines that require efficiency.

The main reason that core attack the comment that I have stated that bitcoin is Turing complete is related to the introduction of limits that they have imposed. Whereas I stated bitcoin grows to where it ends in data centres, they wish to create a separate system that is more limited. A limited tape is not one that can run any algorithm. Hence, with a limited transaction size, you can never achieve the same level of computation as you can with an unlimited transaction size.

Turing wrote the following papers:
Turing, A. M. (1937). On computable numbers, with an application to the Entscheidungsproblem. Proceedings of the London mathematical society, 2(1), 230-265.
Turing, A. M. (1937). Computability and λ-definability. The Journal of Symbolic Logic, 2(4), 153-163.
Turing, A. M., & Church, A. (1937). Computability and X-definability. Symbolic Logic, 2.

https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-symbolic-logic/article/abs/computability-and-definability/FE8B4FC84276D7BACB8433BD578C6BFD

https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-symbolic-logic/article/abs/computability-and-definability/FE8B4FC84276D7BACB8433BD578C6BFD

If you read these, you will see that he (Turing, 1936, p. 230) is talking about “’computable ’numbers” which “may be described briefly as the real numbers whose expressions as a decimal are calculable by finite means”.

Pi is not a Turing computable value by this definition. Rather, an approximation in finite time and space of pi can be considered Turing computable.

Turing’s paper is premised on that my Godel:
, " Uber formal unentscheidbare Satze der Principia Mathematica und verwandter Systeme, I". Monatsheftc Math. Phys., 38 (1931), 173-198

Unfortunately, if you do not have the mathematical background in the form of discrete maths that these authors were talking about, or other writing about, in that case, you are likely to make one of the many errors that people make around the definition of a Turing machine.
 
Turing had noted (1936, p.230) that the class of computable numbers was “nevertheless enumerable”. However, he did not state that the touring machine itself needed to be enumerable for this to be true.

Turing was extending the research of Church (1936), who was researching the concept of ‘effective calculability’. As Turing noted, effective calculability is functionally equivalent to Turing’s concept of ‘computability ’whilst these are each separately defined. For this reason, it has been called the Church-Turing problem. Each author created a solution with Church deriving his first.
Alonzo Church, “An unsolvable problem, of elementary number theory “, AmericanJ. of Math., 58 (1936), 345-363

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Hennie (1965) investigated the concept of a single tape off-line Turing machine.
Hennie, F. C. (1965). One-tape, off-line Turing machine computations. Information and Control, 8(6), 553-578.

Such a machine and tape can be computed as needed and created in a structured manner that can be later produced to validate any single computable number. An example of how this can be reflected in bitcoin script would be creating a set of rules and mathematical processes that can computer any digital number on a tape that may then be processed. In this instance, we can analogise the tape to the bitcoin script. In this manner, you could imagine creating a single transaction as a single tape that is compiled and produced offline and used online in finite time.

Hartmanis (1968) provided a discussion around the complexity of single tape Turing machines. Whilst he noted that there is a sharp time-bound over nine regular sets of sequences, there are various forms of computational complexity that can be used to measure these forms of computation. Simultaneously, it is possible to determine the different complexity levels for these tapes compared to these tapes to multiple tape machines. From this, the various forms of computational complexity have been derived. So, the issue is now not whether a script is a Turing complete system but whether it is efficient. Of course, a single tape computation is inefficient, and that is not one that I would recommend but, it is feasible and possible to implement.
 
Hartmanis, J. (1968). Computational complexity of one-tape Turing machine computations. Journal of the ACM (JACM), 15(2), 325-339.

Shannon (1956) looked at the concept provided by Turing to make a mechanical machine or other an electric machine and made an error in the description. Unfortunately, Shannon (1956, p. 157) described Turing’s machine as a system that requires “a control element, a reading and writing head, and an infinite tape”. It was not Turing that stated that a Turing machine must be infinite but rather Shannon.
Shannon, C. E. (1956). A universal Turing machine with two internal states. In Automata Studies.(AM-34), Volume 34 (pp. 157-166). Princeton University Press.

Whilst Shannon produced some excellent engineering; he was not a mathematician. This is an important distinction because Turing (1936, p. 230) stated categorically that it was a machine that can calculate “the real numbers whose expressions as a decimal are calculable by finite means”.

Turing noted that the computing machine does not write more than a finite number of symbols (1936, p. 233). In this, the machine is unbounded, but it is not infinite. This is a significant and very important distinction that many non-mathematicians failed to comprehend. An unbounded machine is infinitely smaller than any infinite value.

Hopcroft and Ullman (1969, p. 168) investigated tape bounded Turing machines and followed up Shannon’s error of assuming an infinite working tape rather than an unbounded one. This is, unfortunately, laziness and should not have been done in this manner. You will note that they discuss the online and off-line versions of Turing machines and that they note that in the case of the off-line Turing machine that I mentioned above, the tape can be assumed not to loop. In this paper (1969, p. 169), you will note that the authors have removed the assumption of the machine halting for every input. Whilst this provides a form of machine, it is not more than a single example, and people take these for more than they are as examples and make them universal. Note that I’m not saying universal Turing machine here, which is a different thing again.
 
 
Hopcroft, J. E., & Ullman, J. D. (1969). Some results on tape-bounded Turing machines. Journal of the ACM (JACM), 16(1), 168-177.

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However, suppose you do read the paper in full. In that case, you will see that the definition of a nondeterministic Turing machine that they present as a 6-Tuple (p. 169) is created using finite states, finite symbols, and finite. Therefore, it is not an infinite machine.

Although people use infinite and unbounded interchangeably, these are different concepts. There is a difference between an unbounded system and an infinite system, as an unbounded system is necessarily finite. Whilst it has no defined limits, it is definable in large, which differs from an infinite system which is indefinable a large.

The way to think about this is you create a system that is 100 tape units long, and if you need more space, you add another system of 100 tape units to extend it. Moreover, you can do this as many times as is necessary. That remains a process that happens in finite time in finite space and hence never becomes infinite.

Note here that I have said in <space> “finite” and I have not said this in a manner that states it is a process which is “infinite”. This distinction is not mathematical but rather the error in noting in <space> finite differs from the English expression infinite.

An infeasible problem cannot be solved and has no solution. An unbounded problem may be calculated given sufficient time and memory space.

In a paper on paralysed computation, Juille and Pollack (1996) documented methodologies to create a multiple tape Turing machine that would be more efficient than a single tape transaction type that I have proposed above. In this, rather than a single transaction, you would run many transactions in parallel and only require that a single path is promoted as a solution. In this manner, you would not use a single transaction but rather an unbounded number of transactions that are computed as off-line Turing machines where you only send a single transaction to be recorded on the Blockchain that has been demonstrated (outside the Blockchain) to find the desired solution and to compute the problem correctly.
 
Juillé, H., & Pollack, J. B. (1996). Massively parallel genetic programming. In Advances in genetic programming: volume 2 (pp. 339-357).

McCarthy (1956, p. 177) noted that a system such as a Turing machine in a single bitcoin transaction (and no, he wasn’t describing bitcoin but general computational machines of this type) are extremely inefficient. Consequently, as I noted above in the paper by Juillé and Pollack (1996), the solution should be found in parallelised systems that compute many possibilities simultaneously rather than making a single unwieldy transaction tape. That stated, it remains that a single transaction and the script that can be written in a single transaction is itself Turing complete as long as you do not try and limit the size of the Blockchain.
 
The argument against bitcoin being Turing complete is that of transaction and block size limits. Given those limits, bitcoin is not a Turing complete system, but bitcoin wasn’t designed to be limited in that manner. Hence, whilst BTC is not Turing complete, bitcoin is.
 
McCarthy, J. (1956). The inversion of functions defined by Turing machines. In Automata Studies.(AM-34), Volume 34 (pp. 177-182). Princeton University Press.


It was a stream of consciousness from when I woke up

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It is interesting to note that a widely decentralised multi-trillion dollar operation has been around for quite some years. These organisations operate with several thousand large institutional holders and a wide Pareto distributed range of individuals. The dematerialised assets are held as tradable tokens. They are controlled by more nodes than bitcoin could ever have. An example referenced in group number one [1] with the link below has around 100 times the number of true nodes as BTC or Ethereum.
 
1. https://www.nasdaq.com/market-activity/stocks/goog/institutional-holdings

These database tokens are held on a distributed ledger with a consensus methodology similar to Proof of Work, pays no dividends and yet is still traded as a security.

There are even indices for them. There is the Facebook and Google cartel that run on the tech indices but there are many other indices as well in these distributed tokenised groups.

Ironically, they are truly decentralised.

The tokens are widely distributed and easily traded. Just ask Robin Hood.

Consensus means what it means

CSW
Sep 1, 2021
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https://t.me/CSW_Slack/2951
Has nobody worked out who really was the one who benefited most by the Wired/Gizmodo outing/Doxing?

A person who had confidential information and wanted more.

A person who talked to Core members to aide his scam with their complicity...

A person who started planning a law suit in 2014 as he was not happy with tens of millions of USD nor having to wait to cash in shares.

A person who never visited his brother, bit is happy to fabricate stories and paint me negatively in the media, while avoiding it himself...

Only one person had all the material in the form Wired received it.

That person knew I had several degrees and doctorate, but worked with others like Greggles knowing that I was going to hide it the media hit.

As I unfortunately did.

MM: Ira Kleiman?

The one and only

Web manipulator and affiliate marketing expert.

The one who seeds search engines with fake news for a career

CSW
Sep 2, 2021
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https://t.me/CSW_Slack/2958
The levelling force of mass compliance that attempts to force us all to be the same has never been stronger. Through Twitter and other methodologies along these lines, we have a system that seeks to make everybody the same and crush individualism. It is for this reason that we must strive harder to be unique.

The meritorious are stamped down to make way for the unearned and unlearned.

CSW
Sep 3, 2021
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https://t.me/CSW_Slack/2960
NOTE:

UNISWAP INVESTIGATED: The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission is investigating the developer of decentralized exchange Uniswap, seeking information about how investors use the exchange and how it is marketed, according to a Wall Street Journal report citing people familiar with the matter. While detail is still scant regarding what the SEC wants to know, the news is a sign of the regulator showing intent to wield greater oversight of DeFi, something Chairman Gary Gensler has hinted at in recent comments.

https://www.coindesk.com/policy/2021/09/03/sec-investigating-uniswap-labs-report/

They are NOT Decentralised

AT ALL


CSW
Sep 3, 2021
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