Q339. The Barr body seen in female somatic cells represents:
a) Active X chromosome
b) Inactive X chromosome
c) Y chromosome
d) Autosomal chromosome

Q340. Which of the following processes does not require a template?
a) Transcription
b) Translation
c) Replication
d) Glycosylation

Q341. In DNA denaturation, the melting temperature (Tm) increases with:
a) Higher A–T content
b) Higher G–C content
c) Lower ionic strength
d) Presence of denaturants

Q342. Which method is best suited for analyzing gene expression at the mRNA level?
a) Southern blotting
b) Northern blotting
c) Western blotting
d) ELISA

Q343. In prokaryotic transcription, which factor is essential for recognition of promoter sequence?
a) β-subunit of RNA polymerase
b) α-subunit
c) σ-factor
d) ρ-factor

Q344. A bacterial culture with doubling time of 20 minutes is grown for 2 hours. The fold increase in cell number will be:
a) 4
b) 8
c) 32
d) 64

Q345. In a double reciprocal Lineweaver–Burk plot, the x-intercept represents:
a) Vmax
b) 1/Vmax
c) –1/Km
d) 1/Km

Q346. The enzyme reverse transcriptase is absent in:
a) Retrovirus
b) Retrotransposon
c) E. coli
d) HIV

Q347. During meiosis I, homologous chromosomes separate. The failure of this process leads to:
a) Crossing over
b) Nondisjunction
c) Inversion
d) Duplication

Q348. Which one of the following statements is true about chaperone proteins?
a) They synthesize new polypeptides
b) They assist folding of proteins correctly
c) They degrade misfolded proteins directly
d) They act as ribosomes