🔆 Bacterial Diseases – Quick Revision Table

📍 Tuberculosis
✅ Agent: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
✅ Transmission: Air-borne
✅ Prevention: BCG vaccine

📍 Diphtheria (UPSC 2014)
✅ Agent: Corynebacterium diphtheriae
✅ Transmission: Person-to-person (respiratory droplets)
✅ Prevention: DTaP/DTP vaccine

📍 Cholera
✅ Agent: Vibrio cholerae
✅ Transmission: Contaminated water/food
✅ Prevention: Dukoral vaccine, sanitation

📍 Leprosy (Hansen’s Disease)
✅ Agent: Mycobacterium leprae
✅ Transmission: Droplets (nose & mouth)
✅ Treatment: Multidrug Therapy (MDT)

📍 Whooping Cough (Pertussis)
✅ Agent: Bordetella pertussis
✅ Transmission: Air-borne
✅ Prevention: DTaP/DTP vaccine

📍 Tetanus
✅ Agent: Clostridium tetani
✅ Transmission: Spores in environment (wounds)
✅ Prevention: DTaP/DTP vaccine

📍 Plague
✅ Agent: Yersinia pestis
✅ Transmission: Flea bites, direct contact, droplets
✅ Prevention: Sanitation, rodent control

📍 Gonorrhea
✅ Agent: Neisseria gonorrhoeae
✅ Transmission: STD
✅ Treatment: Intramuscular ceftriaxone

📍 Syphilis
✅ Agent: Treponema pallidum
✅ Transmission: STD
✅ Treatment: Benzathine penicillin G

📍 Typhoid (Enteric Fever)
✅ Agent: Salmonella typhi
✅ Transmission: Contaminated food/water
✅ Prevention: Oral & injectable vaccines

📍 Pneumococcal Disease (UPSC 2020)
✅ Agent: Streptococcus pneumoniae
✅ Transmission: Respiratory secretions
✅ Prevention: PCV13, PCV15, PCV20

📍 Streptococcal Pharyngitis
✅ Agent: Streptococcus pyogenes
✅ Transmission: Respiratory droplets
✅ Treatment: Penicillin, Amoxicillin

📍 Bacterial Meningitis
✅ Agents: Neisseria meningitidis, S. pneumoniae
✅ Transmission: Droplets, direct contact
✅ Treatment: Antibiotics (e.g., ceftriaxone)

📍 Leptospirosis
✅ Agent: Leptospira spp.
✅ Transmission: Contaminated water
✅ Treatment: Doxycycline

📍 Anthrax
✅ Agent: Bacillus anthracis
✅ Transmission: Inhalation, ingestion, skin contact
✅ Treatment: Ciprofloxacin

📍 Brucellosis
✅ Agent: Brucella spp.
✅ Transmission: Unpasteurised dairy, infected animals
✅ Treatment: Doxycycline + Rifampin

#GS3
#prelims
#science_technology
#science_and_technology

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The Union Finance Minister proposed an outlay of ₹20,000 crore over the next 5 years in Carbon Capture Utilization and Storage (CCUS) technologies to scale up and achieve
higher readiness levels in end-use applications across.

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Recognising MSMEs as a vital engine of growth, FM Smt. nsitharaman proposed a three pronged approach to help them grow as ‘Champions’:

👉Equity support
👉Liquidity support
👉Professional support

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‘Education to Employment and Enterprise’ Standing Committee to recommend measures that focus on the Services Sector as a core driver of Viksit Bharat. This will make us a global leader in services, with a 10% global share by 2047. The Committee will prioritise areas to optimise the potential for growth, employment and exports. They will also assess the impact of emerging technologies, including AI, on jobs and skill requirements and propose measures thereof.

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In the Union Budget 2026, the government announced plans to build new dedicated freight corridors linking Dangkuni in the east with Surat in the west.
It also said that 20 new national waterways will be made operational over the next five years to encourage cleaner and more eco-friendly transport of goods.

I propose to - Set up three new All India Institutes of Ayurveda, Upgrade AYUSH pharmacies and drug testing laboratories to higher certification standards and ensure the availability of more skilled personnel, Upgrade the WHO Global Traditional Medicine Centre in Jamnagar to strengthen evidence-based research, training, and awareness in traditional medicine."

FM

India’s Animation, Visual Effects, Gaming and Comics (AVGC) sector is a growing industry, projected to require 2 million professionals by 2030. I propose to support the Indian Institute of Creative Technologies, Mumbai in setting up AVGC Content Creator Labs in 15,000 secondary schools and 500 colleges

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launch a Khelo India Mission to transform the Sports sector over the next decade.

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investment in higher education sector

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To create a new range of skilled career pathways for our youth, Union Finance Minister Smt. nsitharaman proposed interventions in the following sectors:

👉 Allied Health Professionals (AHPs)
👉Care Ecosystem
👉Hubs for Medical Value Tourism
👉 Set up a NIMHANS-2
👉Strengthen and increase capacities by 50% in District Hospitals by establishing Emergency and Trauma Care Centres

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Divyangjan

15 archaeological sites to be developed into vibrant experiential cultural destinations

fiscal consolidation & budget estimates

#imp

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We will develop ecologically sustainable mountain trails in Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand and Jammu & Kashmir, also in Araku Valley in Eastern Ghats and also Western Ghats. Turtle trails along key nesting sites in Odisha, Karnataka and Kerala will be developed..."

The Government has accepted 16th Finance Commission recommendations to retain the vertical share of devolution at 41%. I have allocated Rs 1.4 lakh crores for states for FY2026-27."

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