🔆 PAHAL Scheme

📍 Basics
✅ PAHAL (DBT for LPG) launched in 2013
✅ Ministry: Petroleum & Natural Gas
📍 Objectives
✅ Make LPG distribution efficient, transparent & inclusive
✅ Prevent diversion of subsidised LPG for commercial use
✅ Ensure subsidy goes directly to genuine consumers
📍 How It Works
✅ All LPG cylinders sold at uniform RSP
✅ Subsidy is transferred directly to the consumer’s bank account

#goverment_schemes

1️⃣ UPSC Prelims PYQs (1979-2025) Check here 77 Rs (1000)

2️⃣ Prelims Test Series by Toppers Check here 77 Rs (2000)

3️⃣ Current Affairs Module Check here 77 Rs (2000)

4️⃣ C-SAT Foundation Batch Check here 77 Rs (2000)

5️⃣ C-SAT फाउंडेशन बैच (हिंदी) Check here 77 Rs (2000)

6️⃣ C-SAT Comprehension Tricks (English/ Hinglish /Hindi) Click here 77 Rs (1000)

7️⃣ NCERT Foundation Course Check here 77 Rs (1000)

8️⃣ Toppers Notes (Prelims + Mains) Check here 77 Rs (1000)

9⃣ LIET & SCOPE BATCH Click here 277 Rs (2500)

⏳ Final Reminder : This offer will permanently close in the next few minutes.

@DelhiUpscSecrets_official (Join Us)

🗞 UPSC Prelims 2026 free practice starts now!!!!

🆕First Academy in India which deals “only”with UPSC Prelims exam.

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🔆 PAIMANA Portal Launched

📍 What’s the News?
✅ A new web-based portal PAIMANA has been operationalised by the Ministry of Statistics & Programme Implementation (MoSPI).

📍 About PAIMANA
✅ Full Form: Project Assessment, Infrastructure Monitoring & Analytics for Nation-building
✅ Nature: Web-based project monitoring & analytics portal

📍 Key Purpose
✅ Monitoring Central Sector Infrastructure Projects
✅ Covers projects worth ₹150 crore and above

📍 What Does it Replace?
✅ Replaces OCMS-2006 (Online Computerised Monitoring System)

📍 Core Principle
✅ “One data, one entry” → avoids duplication & improves data consistency

📍 Integration & Data Flow
✅ Integrated with Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade’s
Integrated Project Monitoring Portal (IPMP / IIG–PMG)
✅ API-based automatic data flow

📍 Key Features
✅ Centralised national repository of infrastructure projects
✅ Advanced analytics & dashboards
✅ Role-based access control
✅ Reporting & query modules
✅ Data gap identification for better decision-making

📍 Why it Matters?
✅ Improves project monitoring efficiency
✅ Enhances transparency & accountability
✅ Supports evidence-based policymaking

#goverment_schemes

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🔆 Archaeological Developments – Indus Valley Civilisation

📍 Key Chronology

✅ 1826 – Harappa first visited by Charles Mason

✅ 1875 – Alexander Cunningham reports on Harappan seals
▪ First Surveyor of Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) (1861)

✅ 1921 – M.S. Vats begins excavations at Harappa

✅ 1925 – Excavations begin at Mohenjodaro

✅ 1946 – R.E.M. Wheeler excavates at Harappa

✅ 1955 – S.R. Rao begins excavations at Lothal

✅ 1960 – B.B. Lal and B.K. Thapar begin excavations at Kalibangan

✅ 1990 – R.S. Bisht begins excavations at Dholavira

📍 Additional Facts

✅ Alexander Cunningham visited Harappa in 1853, 1856, and 1875
✅ Sir John Marshall, as Director General of ASI, initiated systematic research at Harappa
✅ Played a pivotal role in the development of archaeology in India

#history #prelims #mains

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Day 45: 1 February target:

Modern History
Topics:
Backlogs


Sectional test(any coaching)




#UpscRevisionProgram

After completion of target post 'DONE'
In comment section. Targets are decided as per practical approach. In remaining time, you can study whatever you want.
Thank you.

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🔆 Bacterial Diseases – Quick Revision Table

📍 Tuberculosis
✅ Agent: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
✅ Transmission: Air-borne
✅ Prevention: BCG vaccine

📍 Diphtheria (UPSC 2014)
✅ Agent: Corynebacterium diphtheriae
✅ Transmission: Person-to-person (respiratory droplets)
✅ Prevention: DTaP/DTP vaccine

📍 Cholera
✅ Agent: Vibrio cholerae
✅ Transmission: Contaminated water/food
✅ Prevention: Dukoral vaccine, sanitation

📍 Leprosy (Hansen’s Disease)
✅ Agent: Mycobacterium leprae
✅ Transmission: Droplets (nose & mouth)
✅ Treatment: Multidrug Therapy (MDT)

📍 Whooping Cough (Pertussis)
✅ Agent: Bordetella pertussis
✅ Transmission: Air-borne
✅ Prevention: DTaP/DTP vaccine

📍 Tetanus
✅ Agent: Clostridium tetani
✅ Transmission: Spores in environment (wounds)
✅ Prevention: DTaP/DTP vaccine

📍 Plague
✅ Agent: Yersinia pestis
✅ Transmission: Flea bites, direct contact, droplets
✅ Prevention: Sanitation, rodent control

📍 Gonorrhea
✅ Agent: Neisseria gonorrhoeae
✅ Transmission: STD
✅ Treatment: Intramuscular ceftriaxone

📍 Syphilis
✅ Agent: Treponema pallidum
✅ Transmission: STD
✅ Treatment: Benzathine penicillin G

📍 Typhoid (Enteric Fever)
✅ Agent: Salmonella typhi
✅ Transmission: Contaminated food/water
✅ Prevention: Oral & injectable vaccines

📍 Pneumococcal Disease (UPSC 2020)
✅ Agent: Streptococcus pneumoniae
✅ Transmission: Respiratory secretions
✅ Prevention: PCV13, PCV15, PCV20

📍 Streptococcal Pharyngitis
✅ Agent: Streptococcus pyogenes
✅ Transmission: Respiratory droplets
✅ Treatment: Penicillin, Amoxicillin

📍 Bacterial Meningitis
✅ Agents: Neisseria meningitidis, S. pneumoniae
✅ Transmission: Droplets, direct contact
✅ Treatment: Antibiotics (e.g., ceftriaxone)

📍 Leptospirosis
✅ Agent: Leptospira spp.
✅ Transmission: Contaminated water
✅ Treatment: Doxycycline

📍 Anthrax
✅ Agent: Bacillus anthracis
✅ Transmission: Inhalation, ingestion, skin contact
✅ Treatment: Ciprofloxacin

📍 Brucellosis
✅ Agent: Brucella spp.
✅ Transmission: Unpasteurised dairy, infected animals
✅ Treatment: Doxycycline + Rifampin

#GS3
#prelims
#science_technology
#science_and_technology

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The Union Finance Minister proposed an outlay of ₹20,000 crore over the next 5 years in Carbon Capture Utilization and Storage (CCUS) technologies to scale up and achieve
higher readiness levels in end-use applications across.

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Recognising MSMEs as a vital engine of growth, FM Smt. nsitharaman proposed a three pronged approach to help them grow as ‘Champions’:

👉Equity support
👉Liquidity support
👉Professional support

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‘Education to Employment and Enterprise’ Standing Committee to recommend measures that focus on the Services Sector as a core driver of Viksit Bharat. This will make us a global leader in services, with a 10% global share by 2047. The Committee will prioritise areas to optimise the potential for growth, employment and exports. They will also assess the impact of emerging technologies, including AI, on jobs and skill requirements and propose measures thereof.

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In the Union Budget 2026, the government announced plans to build new dedicated freight corridors linking Dangkuni in the east with Surat in the west.
It also said that 20 new national waterways will be made operational over the next five years to encourage cleaner and more eco-friendly transport of goods.

I propose to - Set up three new All India Institutes of Ayurveda, Upgrade AYUSH pharmacies and drug testing laboratories to higher certification standards and ensure the availability of more skilled personnel, Upgrade the WHO Global Traditional Medicine Centre in Jamnagar to strengthen evidence-based research, training, and awareness in traditional medicine."

FM

India’s Animation, Visual Effects, Gaming and Comics (AVGC) sector is a growing industry, projected to require 2 million professionals by 2030. I propose to support the Indian Institute of Creative Technologies, Mumbai in setting up AVGC Content Creator Labs in 15,000 secondary schools and 500 colleges

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launch a Khelo India Mission to transform the Sports sector over the next decade.

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investment in higher education sector

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To create a new range of skilled career pathways for our youth, Union Finance Minister Smt. nsitharaman proposed interventions in the following sectors:

👉 Allied Health Professionals (AHPs)
👉Care Ecosystem
👉Hubs for Medical Value Tourism
👉 Set up a NIMHANS-2
👉Strengthen and increase capacities by 50% in District Hospitals by establishing Emergency and Trauma Care Centres

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