🔆 Polar Vortex – Winter Storms in USA (Prelims Ready)

📍 What is Polar Vortex?
✅ Large, persistent low-pressure cold air mass over Polar Regions
✅ Contained by Polar-front Jet Stream (separates cold polar & warm tropical air)

📍 Rotation
✅ Counter-clockwise → North Pole
✅ Clockwise → South Pole

📍 Formation Factors
✅ Strong temperature gradient (pole vs tropics)
✅ Coriolis force (Earth’s rotation)
✅ Pressure gradient force
✅ Jet stream interaction

📍 Stability Mechanism
✅ Strong vortex → Jet stream tight & circular → Cold air locked near poles
✅ Weak vortex → Jet stream wavy → Cold air spills south (USA winter storms)

📍 Types
✅ Tropospheric PV: 10–15 km (direct weather effects)
✅ Stratospheric PV: 15–50 km (strongest in winter)

📍 Impacts
✅ Extreme cold waves in mid-latitudes
✅ Ozone depletion (esp. Antarctic ozone hole)
✅ Climate link: Arctic amplification → more instability & frequent cold outbreaks

📍 India Angle
⚠️ No direct impact
✅ Indirect influence via Western Disturbances pushed by Arctic winds

#Geography #Climatology

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Day 43: 30 January target:

Modern History
Topics:
Revision
PYQs


Current Affairs:
No current affairs for today

#UpscRevisionProgram

After completion of target post 'DONE'
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Thank you.

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#Goodmorning 

⏳114 days  left CSP26[ 24-05-26]
⏳203 days left CSM26 [ 21-08-26]

⏳170 days left CAPF AC 19 July
⏳129 days Left OPSC prelims 07 June
⏳122 days  left MPSC (MH) prelims [ 31-05-26]
⏳RAS PRELIMS may
⏳86  days Left MPPSC (MP) Prelims 26 April
⏳86  days Left HCS Prelims 26 April
⏳85 days Left bpsc mains 25 April
⏳72 days Left CDS1 /NDA 12 April
⏳60 days Left PPSC mains 1 April
⏳39 days Left JPSC PRELIMS 8 March
⏳23 days CGPSC prelims 22 February

#Target
#TargetOnlyone
#Accountability

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🔆 Brass Work in India – Key Crafts & Centres

📍 Pembarthi Crafts (Telangana)
✅ Centre: Warangal district, Telangana
✅ Feature: Exquisite sheet metal (brass) art
✅ Used to adorn temple chariots and shrines

📍 Dhokra Casting
✅ Centres: Odisha and West Bengal
✅ Technique: Traditional Lost Wax Method
✅ Material: Alloy of nickel, brass, and zinc
✅ One of the oldest surviving metal casting traditions in India

📍 Gaja Tandava
✅ Centre: Kerala
✅ Theme: Lord Shiva depicted in Tandava posture
✅ Represents cosmic dance and dynamic energy

📍 Rare Jain Imagery & Icons
✅ Centre: Karnataka
✅ Reflects the presence of ancient Jain pilgrimage centres
✅ Features finely crafted Jain Tirthankara images

📍 Pahaldar Lamps
✅ Centres: Jaipur and parts of Uttar Pradesh
✅ Made from copper and brass
✅ Produced in varied styles and shapes, used in rituals & decor

#prelims
#art_and_culture

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🔆 Major Space Telescopes & Observatories

📍 Hubble Space Telescope (HST)

✅ Wavelength Range:
• Visible light
• Ultraviolet light

✅ Purpose:
• Imaging distant galaxies, stars, and nebulae

✅ Key Discoveries:
• Age of the universe
• Evidence for dark energy
• Understanding formation of stars and galaxies

📍 Compton Gamma Ray Observatory (CGRO)

✅ Wavelength Range:
• Gamma rays

✅ Purpose:
• Study of high-energy astronomical phenomena

✅ Key Discoveries:
• Identification of new gamma-ray sources
• Gamma-ray bursts
• Active galactic nuclei

📍 Chandra X-ray Observatory (CXO)

✅ Wavelength Range:
• X-rays

✅ Purpose:
• Observation of hot, high-energy objects in space

✅ Key Discoveries:
• Detailed images of hot gas around
• Galaxies
• Galaxy clusters

📍 Spitzer Space Telescope (SST)

✅ Wavelength Range:
• Infrared

✅ Purpose:
• Observing cool and dusty objects

✅ Key Discoveries:
• Detection of exoplanets
• Insights into galaxy formation
• Study of star-forming regions

📌 Quick Prelims Takeaways

✅ Visible/UV → Hubble
✅ Gamma rays → Compton Observatory
✅ X-rays → Chandra
✅ Infrared → Spitzer

#GS3
#prelims
#science_technology
#science_and_technology

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🔆 CURRENT AFFAIRS — 29 JANUARY 2026

🔆 BANKING & FINANCE

📍 Insurance Sector
✅ Boards of Axis Max Life Insurance & Max Financial Services approve in-principle amalgamation
📍 Structure:
➡ MFSL (holding company) to merge into AMLI
➡ MFSL shareholders to receive AMLI shares
➡ Share ratio to be finalised

📍 Legal Basis
✅ Enabled by Sabka Bima Sabki Raksha (Amendment) of Insurance Laws Act, 2025
📍 Regulatory approval pending from IRDAI

📍 Industrial Growth
✅ IIP growth (Dec 2025): 7.8%
📍 25-month high – MoSPI

📍 Sector-wise:
✅ Manufacturing: 8.1%
✅ Mining: 6.8%
✅ Electricity: 6.3%

📍 Upcoming Data Revisions:
✅ GDP base year → 2022–23 (27 Feb 2026)
✅ CPI base year → 2024 (12 Feb 2026)
✅ IIP base year → 2022–23 (28 May 2026)

🔆 INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS

📍 Climate Change
✅ USA exits Paris Climate Agreement for the second time

📍 Paris Agreement
✅ Adopted: COP-21, 2015 (Paris)
✅ In force since: 2016
✅ Parties: 195 (194 countries + EU)
✅ Objective:
➡ Keep temperature rise well below 2°C
➡ Pursue efforts to limit to 1.5°C

📍 Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO)
✅ First Council of National Coordinators (CNC) meeting for 2026 held in Beijing
📍 Chairmanship: Kyrgyz Republic

📍 About CNC
✅ Core coordination & management body of SCO
✅ Prepares groundwork for:
➡ Council of Heads of State (CHS)
➡ Council of Heads of Government (CHG)

📍 SCO Basics
✅ Established: 2001 | HQ: Beijing
✅ Official languages: Chinese & Russian
✅ Members: 10 countries
➡ India (2017), Pakistan (2017), Iran (2023), Belarus (2024)

🔆 NATIONAL AFFAIRS

📍 Film & Culture
✅ 12th Smile International Film Festival for Children & Youth (SIFFCY) begins
📍 Venue: New Delhi | Duration: 7 days

📍 Organisers:
✅ Smile Foundation
✅ Dept. of Empowerment of Persons with Disabilities

📍 Theme:
✅ Diversity
✅ Equity
✅ Inclusion

📍 Prison Reforms
✅ 9th National Conference of Correctional Administrators held in Visakhapatnam
📍 Organised by:
➡ BPRD
➡ Andhra Pradesh Prisons Dept.

📍 Financial Support:
✅ ₹160 crore for prisoner safety & welfare
✅ ₹20 crore/year for Support to Poor Prisoners Scheme

📍 Environment Governance
✅ GoI amends Uniform Consent Guidelines under:
➡ Air Act, 1981
➡ Water Act, 1974

📍 Key Changes:
✅ One-time Consent to Operate (CTO) fee
✅ Validity: 5–25 years
✅ Reduced procedural delays
✅ Strengthened SPCB & PCC functioning

🔆 CULTURE & HERITAGE

📍 Film Festival
✅ 11th Ajanta–Ellora International Film Festival held in Chhatrapati Sambhajinagar (MH)

📍 Highlights:
✅ Padmapani Award conferred on Ilaiyaraaja
✅ Opening film: Siret (Spain)

📍 Buddhist Heritage
✅ Odisha’s Buddhist Diamond Triangle added to UNESCO Tentative List

📍 Sites:
➡ Lalitgiri
➡ Udayagiri
➡ Ratnagiri

📍 Significance:
✅ 1,500 years of Buddhist history
✅ Covers Hinayana, Mahayana & Vajrayana phases

🔆 AGRICULTURE & FISHERIES

📍 Fishing Infrastructure
✅ GoI approves ₹200 crore Smart Fishing Harbour at Mayabunder (A&N Islands)
📍 Scheme: PM Matsya Sampada Yojana

📍 Capacity:
✅ 430 vessels
✅ 10,000 tonnes fish/year

📍 Goal:
✅ Sustainable fishing
✅ ₹1 lakh crore seafood export target by 2030–31

🔆 PANCHAYATI RAJ / GOVERNANCE

📍 MoPR Initiatives
✅ Felicitation of 240 Panchayat representatives (Republic Day invitees)

📍 Key Launches:
✅ PANCHAM Chatbot (with UNICEF)
✅ PESA State Rankings 2024–25
➡ Maharashtra – 1st
➡ Madhya Pradesh – 2nd
➡ Himachal Pradesh – 3rd

🔆 ENERGY

📍 India Energy Week 2026
✅ OPEC projects India as largest driver of global oil demand growth till 2050

📍 Key Projections:
✅ Additional demand: +8.2 mbpd by 2050
✅ Main drivers:
➡ Transport
➡ Petrochemicals
➡ Industry

🔆 SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

📍 Digital Identity
✅ New Aadhaar App dedicated to the nation

📍 Key Features:
✅ Selective data sharing
✅ QR-based verification
✅ Face authentication
✅ Biometric lock/unlock
✅ “One Family – One App” concept

📍 Education & AI
✅ CCSU Meerut becomes India’s first AI-enabled State University (pilot)
📍 Partners:
➡ MSDE
➡ Google Cloud
➡ CCSU

🔆 ENVIRONMENT

📍 Waste Management
✅ New Solid Waste Management Rules, 2026 notified
📍 Effective from: 1 April 2026

📍 Key Changes:
✅ Four-stream waste segregation:
➡ Wet
➡ Dry
➡ Sanitary
➡ Special Care waste

✅ Bulk Waste Generators defined (≥100 kg/day or ≥20,000 sq m)

🔆 STATES

📍 Jammu & Kashmir
✅ Tawi Boating Festival begins in Jammu
📍 Artificial lake created on River Tawi

📍 Maharashtra
✅ Launch of India’s first menopause clinics in public hospitals

📍 Kerala
✅ Declares Bacillus subtilis as State Microbe
📍 First Indian state to do so

📍 Uttarakhand
✅ New mushroom species Hemileccinum indicum discovered in oak forests

📍 Gujarat
✅ Namo Laxmi Scheme – ₹1,250 crore for girls’ education (Classes 9–12)

📍 Rajasthan
✅ Launch of RAJ-UNNATI digital governance platform
📍 Inspired by PRAGATI model

🔆 IMPORTANT DAYS

📍 28 January
✅ Birth Anniversary of Lala Lajpat Rai (Punjab Kesari)

🔆 APPOINTMENTS

📍 Sports Administration
✅ Randhir Singh steps down as President of Olympic Council of Asia (OCA)
📍 New President: Sheikh Joaan bin Hamad Al Thani

🔆 AWARDS

📍 National Model Youth Gram Sabha Awards
✅ Conferred by MoPR at Bharat Mandapam
📍 Objective:
✅ Promote civic engagement & grassroots democracy

🔆 SCIENCE & TECH (CLIMATE)

📍 Glacier Hazards
✅ IIT Guwahati identifies 492 potential glacial lake sites in Eastern Himalayas
📍 Risk:
✅ Glacial Lake Outburst Floods (GLOFs)

#CurrentAffairs

Cash management bill CMB

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HCS 2026 NOTIFICATION OUT

Total Post- 102
Prelims Exam- 26th April (86 days Left)
Application open- 6th Feb
Last Date- 26th February

Join https://t.me/CSE_EXAM

FREE !!! FREE !!! FREE !!!
LBSNAA EXPRESS 40-Page Monthly Magazine For Prelims 2026

“Read Smart, Not Bulky — 15 Direct Hits in UPSC Prelims 2025.”

❇️ Sources Covered : The Hindu, Indian Express, PIB, Yojana, Down to Earth, Important Magazine Gist.

⬇️ Download All Magazines : click here

📲 For January 2026 magazine join here : https://t.me/DelhiUpscSecrets_official

UPPSC Exam Calendar 2026
UPPSC mains25 29 March

UPPSC Prelims 6 December

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🔆 PANCHAM Chatbot Launched

📍 What’s the News?
✅ PANCHAM Chatbot was launched by the Ministry of Panchayati Raj on the occasion of the 77th Republic Day.

📍 About PANCHAM
✅ Full Form: Panchayat Assistance & Messaging CHatbot
✅ Nature: AI-based digital chatbot
✅ Purpose: Easy access to government schemes, official data, and updates for grassroots institutions

📍 Objectives
✅ Strengthen responsive, transparent, and accountable grassroots governance

📍 Target Users
✅ Elected representatives (Sarpanches, Ward Members)
✅ Panchayat staff across rural India
✅ Separate interface available for Citizens

📍 Registration & Access
✅ User’s mobile number must be linked with e-Gram Swaraj Portal
✅ Activation via QR code scanning + simple registration

📍 Key Features
✅ Operates through WhatsApp — no advanced technical skills required
✅ Works on basic smartphones with internet
✅ Two Interfaces:
▪ Panchayat Functionaries & Elected Representatives
▪ Citizens
✅ Multilingual support: 22 Indian languages

📍 Services Offered
✅ Direct Communication: Circulars, guidelines, directives via WhatsApp
✅ Two-Way Communication:
▪ Users can ask queries directly
▪ Officials can receive feedback & local issue reports
✅ Real-Time Information: FAQs & updates on MoPR schemes
✅ Training Support:
▪ Short video-based modules
▪ Pre-training communication & post-training feedback

📍 UPSC Relevance
✅ GS2 – Governance | Decentralisation | E-Governance
✅ GS3 – Digital Public Infrastructure

📌 Prelims Pointer:
➡️ PANCHAM is a WhatsApp-based AI chatbot linked with e-Gram Swaraj for Panchayati Raj institutions.

#goverment_schemes

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🔆 PM pays tribute to Punjab Kesari Lala Lajpat Rai on his Birth Anniversary

📍 About Lala Lajpat Rai (1865–1928)
✅ Born in Punjab
✅ Popularly known as “Punjab Kesari”

📍 Key Contributions

📌 Indian Freedom Movement
✅ Leading figure of the Extremist faction of Congress
✅ One of the legendary triumvirates — Lal–Bal–Pal
  (Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Bipin Chandra Pal)
✅ President, Indian National Congress — Calcutta Session (1920)
✅ President, All India Trade Union Congress (AITUC) — 1920

📌 Institutions & Movements
✅ Hindu Relief Movement
✅ Indian Home Rule League of America
✅ Servants of the People Society
✅ Played a key role in establishing Punjab National Bank (PNB)

📌 Literary Contributions
✅ Founded ‘The People’ journal
✅ Regular contributor to ‘The Tribune’
✅ Major works:
▪ Unhappy India
▪ Young India: An Interpretation
▪ History of Arya Samaj
▪ England’s Debt to India
▪ Biographies on Mazzini, Garibaldi, Swami Dayanand

📌 Simon Commission Protest (1928)
✅ Led a non-violent march in Lahore against the Simon Commission
✅ Sustained severe head injuries due to police lathi charge
✅ Later succumbed to injuries, becoming a martyr of the freedom struggle

📍 Core Values Associated
✅ Courage
✅ Self-sacrifice
✅ Perseverance
✅ Nationalism

📍 UPSC Relevance
✅ GS1 – Modern Indian History
✅ GS4 – Ethics: Courage, Sacrifice, Leadership

📌 Prelims Pointer:
➡️ Lala Lajpat Rai died due to injuries from lathi charge during Simon Commission protests (1928) — a landmark episode in India’s freedom movement.

#history #prelims #mains

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APPSC GROUP 1 RESULTS

Economic survey 2025-26

https://youtu.be/F4RFHOsfn6Q?si=EAwU0aleYnZ6WHtN

Day 44: 31 January target:

Modern History
Topics:
Backlogs
PYQs


Current Affairs:
No current affairs for today

#UpscRevisionProgram

After completion of target post 'DONE'
In comment section. Targets are decided as per practical approach. In remaining time, you can study whatever you want.
Thank you.

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