A hard fork is a radical change to a network's protocol that makes previously invalid blocks and transactions valid, or vice-versa 🌐

It requires all participants to upgrade to the new version in order to be able to continue participating on the network.

🔍 London Hard Fork, the name given to the upgraded blockchain network of Ethereum, switched the Ethereum blockchain community to Proof-of-Stake (PoS) from the Proof-of-Work (PoW) blockchain.

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With many cryptocurrencies, “miners” can attempt to add blocks to the chain by solving mathematical problems using mining machines — a process known as Proof of Work 🌐

The speed at which all the mining machines within the network operate is the hashrate.

🔍 A 51% attack occurs when a group of miners controls more than 50% of the network's mining hash rate. This could mean that the attackers could double-spend coins or manipulate transactions.

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