#አግራሞቴን_በብዕር

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#የሚገራርሙ አጫጭር አነቃቂ ፅሑፎችን የያዘች መፅሐፍ ናት!


ሁለተኛ እትሜን በቅርብ ይዤላችሁ ብቅ እላለሁ!

@ReshadMuzemil

t.me/AndalusTechnology

Week 2
Lesson 4:

Part 1: What are Primary Memory and Secondary Memory?

↪️ What is Primary Memory?

▪ ዋናው ማህደረ ትውስታ

✔️ Primary Memory is the main memory of the computer system. Accessing data from primary memory is faster because it is an internal memory of the computer.

✔️The primary memory is most volatile, meaning data in primary memory does not exist if it is not saved when a power failure occurs.

✔️ The primary memory is a semiconductor memory. It is costlier compared with secondary memory. The capacity of primary memory is very much limited and is always smaller compares to secondary memory.
Two types of Primary Memory are:

◉ RAM = Random Access Memory
◉ ROM = Read Only Memory

KEY DIFFERENCE

✔️ Primary memory is also called internal memory whereas Secondary memory is also known as a Backup memory or Auxiliary memory.

✔️ Primary memory can be accessed by the data bus whereas Secondary memory is accessed by I/O channels.

✔️ Primary memory data is directly accessed by the processing unit whereas Secondary memory data cannot be accessed directly by the processor.

↪️ Comparing primary and secondary storage devices

✔️ Primary storage devices are costlier than secondary storage device whereas Secondary storage devices are cheaper compared to primary storage device.

When we differentiate primary and secondary memory, Primary memory is both volatile & nonvolatile whereas Secondary memory is always a non-volatile memory.

▬ RAM (Random Access Memory)

◉ Random access memory which is also known as RAM is generally known as a main memory of the computer system. It is called temporary memory or cache memory. The information stored in this type of memory is lost when the power supply to the PC or laptop is switched off.

➦ RAM አድን መረጃ በጊዜያዊነት ነው የሚያስቀምጠው፤ ማለትም ድጋሚ አስተካክሎ መፃፍም ሆነ መሰረዝ ይቻላል!

▬ ROM (Read Only Memory)

✔️ It stands for Read Only Memory. ROM is a permanent type of memory. Its content is not lost when the power supply is switched off.

✔️ The computer manufacturer decides the information of ROM, and it is permanently stored at the time of manufacturing which can not be overwritten by the user.

➦ ROM፦ አድን መረጃ በቋሚነት ነው የሚያስቀምጠው፤ ማለትም ድጋሚ አስተካክሎ መፃፍም ሆነ መሰረዝ አይቻልም!

What is Secondary Memory?

▪ ሁለተኛው ማህደረ ትውስታ

All secondary storage devices which are capable of storing high volume data is referred to secondary memory. It’s slower than primary memory. However, it can save a substantial amount of data, in the range of gigabytes to terabytes. This memory is also called backup storage or mass storage media.

Secondary Memory የሚባለው፦ ከኮምፒውተራችን በኬብል አማካኝነት የምናገናኘው መረጃ/ማህደር(File) መያዣ/ማጠራቀሚያ መሣሪያ ሲሆን፤ ማህደር(File) የመያዝ አቅሙ ከGB(gigabytes) ጀምሮ እስከ TB(terabytes)

▬ ማስታወሻ፦ በ Secondary Memory ያስቀመጥነው ማህደር(ፋይል) ቢጣፋ መመለስ(Backup) ማረግ የሚቻልባቸው የተለያሁ ሁኔታዎች አሉ!

Types of Secondary memory

Mass storage devices:

The magnetic disk provides cheap storage and is used for both small and large computer systems.
Two types of magnetic disks are:

Floppy disks

Hard disks

Flash/SSD

Solid State Drive provides a persistent flash memory. It’s very fast compared to Hard Drives. Frequently found in Mobile phones, its rapidly being adopted in PC/Laptop/Mac.

Optical drives:

This secondary storage device is from which data is read and written with the help of lasers. Optical disks can hold data up to 185TB.
Examples

CD

DVD

Blue Ray

USB drives:

It is one of the most popular types of secondary storage device available in the market. USB drives are removable, rewritable and are physically very small. The capacity of USB drives is also increasing significantly as today 1TB pen drive is also available in the market.

Magnetic tape:

It is a serial access storage device which allows us to store a very high volume of data. Usually used for backups.

#End_of_part: 1

t.me/AndalusTechnology

Your Brother Reshad Muzemil

Week 2
Lesson: 4

Part 2

◉ Characteristics of Secondary Memory

These are magnetic and optical memories

✔️ Secondary memory is known as a backup memory

✔️ It is a non-volatile type of memory

✔️ Data is stored permanently even when the power of the computer is switched off

✔️ It helps store data in a computer

✔️ The machine can run without secondary memory

✔️ Slower than primary memory
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Primary Memory Vs Secondary Memory

Here is the difference between Primary and Secondary memory:

Computer memory is the storage space where data is to be processed, and instructions needed for processing are store

✔️ Primary memory is the main memory of the computer system. Accessing data from primary memory is faster because it is an internal memory of the computer.

✔️ All secondary storage devices which are capable of storing high volume data is referred to as secondary memory

✔️ Types of Primary Memory 1) RAM, 2) ROM

✔️ Types of Secondary Memory 1) Hard Drive, 2) SSD, 3) Flash, 4) Optical Drive, 5) USD Drive, 3) Magnetic Tapes

✔️ The computer can’t run without primary memory. You can lose data in case power is switched off

✔️ Data is stored permanently in Secondary Memory even when the power of the computer is switched off

✔️ Primary memory is expensive and is available in limited in size in a computer.

✔️ Secondary memory is cheaper compared to primary memory.

End of Lesson 4

#Next: Computer Hardware and Software

t.me/AndalusTechnology

Your Brother Reshad Muzemil

1. Generation Of Computer
2. Period (ግን ጊዜው/አ.ል ሊለያይ ይችላል)
3. Technology used

#መፅሑፍ የለቀኩላችሁን በምሰሸል በአጭሩ!

#Your_Brother_Reshad_Muzemil

t.me/AndalusAcademy

#Parts of Computer Exercise

Week 2:

Lesson 5: Computer Software and Hardware

▪Computer 🧑‍💻 - Hardware

Hardware represents the physical and tangible components of a computer, i.e. the components that can be seen and touched.
Examples of Hardware are the following −

Input devices − keyboard, mouse, etc.

Output devices − printer, monitor, etc.

Secondary storage devices − Hard disk, CD, DVD, etc.

Internal components − CPU, motherboard, RAM, etc.

 

Relationship between Hardware and Software

Hardware and software are mutually dependent on each other. Both of them must work together to make a computer produce a useful output.

Software cannot be utilized without supporting hardware.

Hardware without a set of programs to operate upon cannot be utilized and is useless.

To get a particular job done on the computer, relevant software should be loaded into the hardware.

Hardware is a one-time expense.

Software development is very expensive and is a continuing expense.

Different software applications can be loaded on a hardware to run different jobs.

A software acts as an interface between the user and the hardware.

If the hardware is the 'heart' of a computer system, then the software is its 'soul'. Both are complementary to each other.


Computer - Software

Software is a set of programs, which is designed to perform a well-defined function. A program is a sequence of instructions written to solve a particular problem.
There are two types of software −

▪ System Software

▪ Application Software

1. System Software

The system software is a collection of programs designed to operate, control, and extend the processing capabilities of the computer itself. System software is generally prepared by the computer manufacturers. These software products comprise of programs written in low-level languages, which interact with the hardware at a very basic level. System software serves as the interface between the hardware and the end users.
Some examples of system software are Operating System, Compilers, Interpreter, Assemblers, etc.
Here is a list of some of the most prominent features of a system software −

✔️ Close to the system

✔️ Fast in speed

✔️ Difficult to design

✔️ Difficult to understand

✔️ Less interactive

✔️ Smaller in size

✔️ Difficult to manipulate

✔️ Generally written in low-level language

2. Application Software

Application software products are designed to satisfy a particular need of a particular environment. All software applications prepared in the computer lab can come under the category of Application software.
Application software may consist of a single program, such as Microsoft's notepad for writing and editing a simple text. It may also consist of a collection of programs, often called a software package, which work together to accomplish a task, such as a spreadsheet package.

Examples of Application software are the following

➦ Payroll Software

➦ Student Record Software

➦ Inventory Management Software

➦ Income Tax Software

➦ Railways Reservation Software

➦ Microsoft Office Suite Software

➦ Microsoft Word

➦ Microsoft Excel

➦ Microsoft PowerPoint

 
Features of application software are as follows −

✔️ Close to the user

✔️ Easy to design

✔️ More interactive

✔️ Slow in speed

✔️ Generally written in high-level language

✔️ Easy to understand

✔️ Easy to manipulate and use

✔️ Bigger in size and requires large storage space


#Your_Brother_Reshad_Muzemil
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#ማስታወሻ:-

#የኮምፒውተር አጭር መግለጫ(ማጠቃለያ) ጨርሰን ወደ ልምምድ ልንገባ ነው!

#ልምምዱን_በምን_መልኩ_እናርገው!?

#በተለይ_የአንደሉስ_ተማሪ_የሆናችሁ አስታየታችሁን(ሐሳባችሁን) እሻለሁ!
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t.me/MasterofTechnologies

አስታየት(ሐሳብ) ጠይቄያችሁ ነበር!?


#ልምምዱን በምን መልኩ እንጀምር!?


#የአንደሉስ አካዳሚ ት/ቤት ተማሪዎች አስታየታችሁን ንገሩኝ!