Is Proof Required to Call Him a Mushrik, or Only to Apply the Ruling of Apostasy?

✍️ STATEMENT:
Imam Shaykh Abdullah Aba Butayn (d. 1282 AH) said:

Whoever says "La ilaha illa Allah" but commits major shirk at the same time, such as calling upon the dead or the absent, asking them to fulfill needs and relieve distress, and seeking nearness to them through vows and sacrifices, then he is a mushrik whether he accepts it or not.

Allah does not forgive that partners be associated with Him.

"Indeed, whoever associates partners with Allah, then Allah has forbidden Paradise for him, and his refuge is the Fire." [al Maidah 5:72]

So this is shirk, and whoever does it is a disbeliever.

However, as Shaykh Ibn Taymiyyah said, it is not to be said about a specific individual, "He is a kafir," until what the Messenger brought has been clearly conveyed to him.

Then if he persists after the proof has been established, he is judged to be a disbeliever, and the rulings of apostasy apply to him.

📚 SOURCE:
Majmu Fatawa wa Rasail al Shaykh al Allamah Abdullah ibn Abd al Rahman Aba Butayn, pp. 507–508

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The Imam and Mufti of the Second Saudi State, Abdullah Aba Butayn, makes a clear distinction between names and rulings.

He explains that establishing the proof relates to rulings such as punishment, fighting, and declaring a specific individual a disbeliever both outwardly and inwardly.

As for the label of shirk, it does not wait for the proof.
"Whoever commits shirk is called a mushrik, whether he accepts it or not."

However, declaring a specific person a kafir, both outwardly and inwardly, and applying the rulings of apostasy such as making his blood and wealth lawful, is not done until the proof has been clearly established upon him.

The Principle of the Excuse of Ignorance, Individual Takfir, and Ruling by What is Apparent

✍️ STATEMENT:
Shaykh Salih Al al-Shaykh said:

"Here, if the hujjah has not been established, are the grave worshippers declared kuffar or not? The answer: Yes. Whoever commits shirk is a mushrik. Major shirk, whoever commits it, is a mushrik.

The establishment of the hujjah is only a condition for the obligation of punishment.

Just as we call the Jews and the Christians kuffar, even if some of them never heard of the Prophet at all, likewise are the people of idols, graves, and similar matters. Whoever commits shirk is a mushrik, and the rulings of the mushrikin are applied to him in this world.

However, if the hujjah has not been established upon him, then it is not definitively stated that he will be in the Fire if he dies. Rather, his affair is withheld until the hujjah is established upon him before Allah.

So there is a clear distinction between conditioning punishment upon the establishment of the hujjah, and wrongly suspending the outward ruling of shirk upon a person.

Whoever commits major shirk is a mushrik, and the worldly rulings follow from that: no seeking forgiveness for him, his slaughtered animal is not eaten, no sacrifice is offered on his behalf, and similar rulings.

As for ruling upon him with kufr inwardly and outwardly in an absolute sense, then this is withheld until the hujjah is established. If the hujjah is not established upon him, then his affair is with Allah."

📚 SOURCE:
Al-Ajwibah wa al-Buḥūth wa al-Mudārasāt al-Mushtamilah ʿalayhā al-Durūs al-ʿIlmiyyah, vol. 1, page 41
https://tinyurl.com/salihalshaykh

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