Forwarded from جراحة خاصه قسم العظام.
🍄COMPARTMENT SYNDROME:
🎨DEFINITION:
Compartment syndrome is a serious condition that involves increased pressure in a muscle compartment. It can lead to muscle and nerve damage and problems with blood flow.
🎨ETIOLOGY:
Thick layers of tissue, called fascia, separate groups of muscles in the arms and legs from each other. Inside each layer of fascia is a confined space, called a compartment. The compartment includes the muscle tissue, nerves, and blood vessels. Fascia surrounds these structures, similar to the way in which insulation covers wires.
Fascia do not expand. Any swelling in a compartment will lead to increased pressure in that area. This raised pressure, presses the muscles, blood vessels, and nerves. If this pressure is high enough, blood flow to the compartment will be blocked. This can lead to permanent injury to the muscle and nerves. If the pressure lasts long enough, the muscles may die and the arm or leg will no longer work. Surgery or even amputation may be done to correct the problem.
🔅Acute compartment syndrome may be caused by:
🎈Trauma, such as a crush injury or surgery
🎈Broken bone
🎈Very bruised muscle
🎈Severe sprain
🎈A cast or bandage that is too tight
🎈Loss of blood supply due to the use of a tourniquet or positioning during surgery
🔅Chronic compartment syndrome :
Can be caused by repetitive activities, such as running. The pressure in a compartment only increases during that activity and goes down after the activity is stopped. This condition is usually less limiting and does not lead to loss of function or limb. However, the pain can limit activity and endurance.
Compartment syndrome is most common in the lower leg and forearm. It can also occur in the hand, foot, thigh, buttocks, and upper arm.
🎨CLINICAL PICTURE:
Symptoms of compartment syndrome are not easy to detect. With an acute injury, the symptoms can become severe within a few hours.
Symptoms may include:
♦️Decreased sensation, numbness, tingling, weakness of the affected area
♦️Severe pain that doesn't go away after taking pain medicine or raising the affected area.
♦️Swelling or inability to move the affected part.
♦️Paleness of skin
🎨DIAGNOSIS:
The health care provider will perform a physical exam and ask about the symptoms, focusing on the affected area. To confirm the diagnosis, the provider may need to measure the pressure in the compartment. This is done using a needle placed into the body area. The needle is attached to a pressure meter. The test is done during and after an activity that causes pain.
🎨TREATMENT:
The aim of treatment is to prevent permanent damage.
🔅For acute compartment syndrome, surgery is needed right away. Delaying surgery can lead to permanent damage. The surgery is called fasciotomy and involves cutting the fascia and muscle to relieve pressure.
🔅For chronic compartment syndrome:
If a cast or bandage is too tight, it should be cut or loosened to relieve the pressure.
Stopping the repetitive activity or exercise, or changing the way it's done
Raising the affected area above heart level to decrease swelling
——————————————————————————————————
🍄#Surgery
🍄#Orthopaedics
🎨DEFINITION:
Compartment syndrome is a serious condition that involves increased pressure in a muscle compartment. It can lead to muscle and nerve damage and problems with blood flow.
🎨ETIOLOGY:
Thick layers of tissue, called fascia, separate groups of muscles in the arms and legs from each other. Inside each layer of fascia is a confined space, called a compartment. The compartment includes the muscle tissue, nerves, and blood vessels. Fascia surrounds these structures, similar to the way in which insulation covers wires.
Fascia do not expand. Any swelling in a compartment will lead to increased pressure in that area. This raised pressure, presses the muscles, blood vessels, and nerves. If this pressure is high enough, blood flow to the compartment will be blocked. This can lead to permanent injury to the muscle and nerves. If the pressure lasts long enough, the muscles may die and the arm or leg will no longer work. Surgery or even amputation may be done to correct the problem.
🔅Acute compartment syndrome may be caused by:
🎈Trauma, such as a crush injury or surgery
🎈Broken bone
🎈Very bruised muscle
🎈Severe sprain
🎈A cast or bandage that is too tight
🎈Loss of blood supply due to the use of a tourniquet or positioning during surgery
🔅Chronic compartment syndrome :
Can be caused by repetitive activities, such as running. The pressure in a compartment only increases during that activity and goes down after the activity is stopped. This condition is usually less limiting and does not lead to loss of function or limb. However, the pain can limit activity and endurance.
Compartment syndrome is most common in the lower leg and forearm. It can also occur in the hand, foot, thigh, buttocks, and upper arm.
🎨CLINICAL PICTURE:
Symptoms of compartment syndrome are not easy to detect. With an acute injury, the symptoms can become severe within a few hours.
Symptoms may include:
♦️Decreased sensation, numbness, tingling, weakness of the affected area
♦️Severe pain that doesn't go away after taking pain medicine or raising the affected area.
♦️Swelling or inability to move the affected part.
♦️Paleness of skin
🎨DIAGNOSIS:
The health care provider will perform a physical exam and ask about the symptoms, focusing on the affected area. To confirm the diagnosis, the provider may need to measure the pressure in the compartment. This is done using a needle placed into the body area. The needle is attached to a pressure meter. The test is done during and after an activity that causes pain.
🎨TREATMENT:
The aim of treatment is to prevent permanent damage.
🔅For acute compartment syndrome, surgery is needed right away. Delaying surgery can lead to permanent damage. The surgery is called fasciotomy and involves cutting the fascia and muscle to relieve pressure.
🔅For chronic compartment syndrome:
If a cast or bandage is too tight, it should be cut or loosened to relieve the pressure.
Stopping the repetitive activity or exercise, or changing the way it's done
Raising the affected area above heart level to decrease swelling
——————————————————————————————————
🍄#Surgery
🍄#Orthopaedics