Perioperative neurocognitive disorders may arise from three complementary mechanisms
that, together, cause excessive inhibitory neurotransmission. Sustained accumulation
of type A γ-aminobutyric acid (GABAA) receptors on the surface of neurones, aberrant…

As female clinical academics and members of the British Journal of Anaesthesia (BJA),
we recognise the importance of gender equity, which remains an issue in academic medicine,
despite the increase in the proportion of women in medical schools throughout…

Whether neuraxial analgesia during labour influences offspring neurodevelopment remains
controversial, largely because of reliance on observational evidence susceptible to
residual confounding. We aimed to re-evaluate this association through an updated
and…

We thank Guo and colleagues1 for their careful and insightful review of our paper
on postoperative outcomes after perioperative benzodiazepine administration.2 We welcome
the opportunity to clarify our methodological choices and interpretation of findings…

We appreciate Zhang’s1 thoughtful comments and discussion points regarding our recent
publication on paediatric difficult tracheal intubations and the impact of timing
of weekend versus weekday patients.2 Although we are confident in the robustness of
our…

Females with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) face disproportionate harm
from mechanical ventilation because of smaller functional lung volumes. This biological
vulnerability demands sex-specific approaches. Yet disparities extend beyond physiology.…

Ventilator-induced lung injury can be mitigated with a lung-protective ventilation
strategy that includes ventilation with low tidal volumes. Mortality in acute respiratory
distress syndrome (ARDS) remains higher in females than in males, and females with…

Blue- or green-dominant ambient lighting is increasingly used in hybrid operating
theatres to optimise surgical visualisation, but it can unintentionally compromise
anaesthetic safety. Emerging experimental evidence and clinical observations indicate
that…

The perioperative period represents both a major driver of healthcare costs and a
substantial source of largely preventable neurological harm. Postoperative delirium
affects up to 50–70% of specifically vulnerable surgical cohorts, but adoption of
physiologically…

Definitive airway management simulators are widely used for training and evaluating
airway management techniques. However, the extent and quality of their validation
remain unclear. In this systematic review, we aimed to identify and evaluate studies
assessing…

Airway management should be accompanied by comprehensive documentation, both to inform
other healthcare professionals of what has occurred and to inform future care. Videolaryngoscopy
is increasingly used instead of direct laryngoscopy to perform tracheal…

Postoperative delirium (POD) affects ∼20% of older surgical patients. It is associated
with poor clinical outcome and increased mortality. We aimed to identify the major
POD risk factors and to develop and validate a multivariate algorithm for individual…

Intraoperative and intraprocedural hiccups are uncommon but potentially serious complications
that can compromise patient safety and the performance of procedures, especially under
circumstances where the use of neuromuscular blocking agents is not feasible…

We thank Barabasz and colleagues1 for their discourse on the Difficult Airway Society
2025 unanticipated difficult tracheal intubation guidelines,2 with particular focus
on emergency front-of-neck airway (eFONA). We agree with them that cognitive overload…