ZEKR, MIT Shia Muslim Association
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Ahlulbayt Islamic Society

To promote the teachings of the Qur'an, the Prophet Muhammad, and the Twelve Imams.
admin: eventszekrmit@gmail.com, website: https://sites.mit.edu/zekrmit/
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آشنایی با ساختار و نظام استدلالی متون کلاسيک در الهيات اسلامی، دکتر حسن انصاری

جلسه پنجم: در اين جلسه با ادامه بحث شريف مرتضی درباره دليل حدوث عالم به چند نکته پرداختيم:

۱) تفاوت ديدگاه متکلمان با فلاسفه درباره مسئله حدوث عالم؛

۲) بحث از "ضرورت" و سابقه آن در کلام و فلسفه و موضوع ضرورت علی معلولی و تفاوت ديدگاه متکلمان و فلاسفه درباره عليت و سببيت و فاعليت؛

۳) تفاوت ديدگاه متکلمان و فلاسفه درباره معنای عقل و نفس ناطقه و ادراک معقولات و کليات.

(۷ اکتبر، ۲۰۲۵)

#الهیات_اسلامی_ساختار_نظام_استدلالی
@azbarresihayetarikhi
https://sites.mit.edu/zekrmit/
@zekrMIT
upcoming events, Oct 12-17, 2025

▫️Sun, Oct 12, 7:15-9:00 pm (virtual, EN)
Special Topics, 03, "Hikmah in the Qur'an", Farhad Ghoddoussi, Wayne State University, Michigan.

▫️Tue, Oct 14, 8:30-10:15 pm (virtual, FA w/ Subs)
Lecture Series, 06, "Structure and Argumentation in Islamic Theology", Hassan Ansari, IAS, Princeton.

▫️Fri, Oct 17, 7:30-9:30 pm (hybrid, EN)
Special Topics.

- All times US Eastern Time

visit us:
https://sites.mit.edu/zekrmit/
@zekrMIT
Special Topic Lecture Series, Lec03

🔻Topic: Understanding of Wisdom in the Traditions before Islam

🌐 Virtual, EN Lecture

Date
Sunday October 12th, 2025
7:15 pm to 9:00 pm (Eastern Time)

Location
Online, Detail Below

Schedule
7:15-7:20 Login to Zoom
7:20-8:45 Lecture, in English, Dr. Farhad Ghoddoussi
Topic: “Hikmah in the Qur’an”, Lec03
8:45-9:00 Q&A

Zoom Participation (virtual):
https://mit.zoom.us/j/92377466698

- About Speaker (Bio)

#hikmah_quran
https://sites.mit.edu/zekrmit/
@zekrMIT
درس گفتارهای تاریخ اندیشه و تمدن اسلامی

🌐 بصورت مجازی، به فارسی

«آشنایی با ساختار و نظام استدلالی متون کلاسيک در الهيات اسلامی»
توسط دکتر حسن انصاری

موضوع: توحید

جلسه ششم، سه شنبه ۱۴ اکتبر، ۸:۳۰ تا ۱۰:۱۵ شب (به وقت شرق آمریکا)

Zoom Participation (webinar):
https://mit.zoom.us/j/93933325521

چکیده:
بررسی "شرح جمل العلم والعمل"، ص ۶۳، ۶۴، ۲۰۸ تا ۲۱۱.
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1UXKbI9f_4yi5jIa0_DfWa3Lkdq-jZkwD/view

در باره سخنران:
https://www.ias.edu/hs/ansari

#الهیات_اسلامی_ساختار_نظام_استدلالی
@azbarresihayetarikhi
https://sites.mit.edu/zekrmit/
@zekrMIT
Special Topics

🌐
Hybrid, EN Lecture

Speaker
: Dr. Marsin Alshamary
Lecture: "Is Najaf Involved in Politics? Exploring Shia Political Activism in the Iraqi Case"

Date
Friday October 17th, 2025
7:30 pm to 9:30 pm (Eastern Time)

Location
MIT Tang Center, E51-376, 2 Amherst St, Cambridge, MA 02142

Schedule
7:30-7:45 Ziyarat Ale-Yasin
7:45-9:00 Lecture and Q&A, in English
9:00-9:30 Dinner

Zoom Participation (hybrid):
https://mit.zoom.us/j/95948516788

- About Speaker (Bio)

https://sites.mit.edu/zekrmit/
@zekrMIT
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5Hu0Uk7vDQI&list=PLRagz8v-1fF4Oi2EToPQJrvgbB3VgyVkk&t=1s

🔻"Hikmah in the Qur'an", Lec03
speaker, Dr. Farhad Ghoddoussi
Oct 12, 2025

Topic: Understanding of Wisdom in the Traditions before Islam

Summary:
In this lecture we briefly looked to some of the examples of the "Wisdom traditions and Wisdom literature before Islam".

As Robert Wilken in 1973 observes: "Wisdom … is an extraordinary cross-cultural phenomenon and could be found in different forms in all the religious currents of late antiquity.… ". He adds: "Wisdom literature seems always to have been an accepted intercultural and interethnic coinage, appropriated as religiously neutral and non-committal.” Therefore wisdom was exchanged and shared between different cultures and traditions. This exchange may have affected the understanding of Quran's audience of "Hikmah".

We can list the main texts and themes of biblical and late antique wisdom discourse that may be particularly relevant for understanding Qur’anic Hikmah as the following:
1) Hebrew Bible Wisdom
2) Deuterocanonical Wisdom
3) Wisdom In Early Jewish (non- scriptural) Literature
4) New Testament Wisdom
5) Christian Wisdom
6) Rabbinic (post temple) Wisdom
7) Philosophical Wisdom
8) Non-Biblical Arabian and Other Semitic Wisdom
In this lecture, we briefly looked to some examples of cases 1, 2, 4, and 8 on the list.

But there are some challenges in regard to any discussion of wisdom in context of scriptural traditions which manifest themselves in the following type of questions: 1)What is the relationship between wisdom and divinely revealed scripture ought to be? 2)If people can attain wisdom that enables them to discern how best to live their lives, what is the purpose of scripture? 3)How wisdom is to be attained? 4)Is it through human effort, and is thus, at least potentially, universally accessible, or is it divinely bestowed upon an elite?

Therefore before examining specific examples of wisdom in traditions before Islam we did relatively a more extensive discussion of the relevant foundational issues of Natural Law (قانون تکوینی) in contrast to Positive Law (قانون‌ تشریعی), and also Natural Morality (اخلاق فطری).

#hikmah_quran
upcoming events, Oct 19-23, 2025

▫️Sun, Oct 19, 7:15-9:00 pm (virtual, EN)
Special Topics, 04, "Hikmah in the Qur'an", Farhad Ghoddoussi, Wayne State University, Michigan.

▫️Tue, Oct 21, 8:30-10:15 pm (virtual, FA w/ Subs)
Lecture Series, 07, "Structure and Argumentation in Islamic Theology", Hassan Ansari, IAS, Princeton.

▫️Thu, Oct 23, 7:15-9:30 pm (hybrid, EN)
Dua Kumayl & Lecture, Nahj al-Balagha Series.

- All times US Eastern Time

visit us:
https://sites.mit.edu/zekrmit/
@zekrMIT
Special Topic Lecture Series, Lec04

🔻Topic: Hikmah in the Signs of Apocalypse: A Commentary on the Q54:1–8

🌐 Virtual, EN Lecture

Date
Sunday October 19th, 2025
7:15 pm to 9:00 pm (Eastern Time)

Location
Online, Detail Below

Schedule
7:15-7:20 Login to Zoom
7:20-8:45 Lecture, in English, Dr. Farhad Ghoddoussi
Topic: “Hikmah in the Qur’an”, Lec04
8:45-9:00 Q&A

Zoom Participation (virtual):
https://mit.zoom.us/j/92377466698

- About Speaker (Bio)

#hikmah_quran
https://sites.mit.edu/zekrmit/
@zekrMIT
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ru3nqypAjm4&list=PLRagz8v-1fF4nkf59fYO3vVVAHwqOGbpm&t=2s

🔻"Structure and Argumentation in Islamic Theology", Lec06
speaker, Dr. Hassan Ansari
Oct 14, 2025

🟥 Lecture in Persian, can be watched with closed caption (CC) and auto-translate on our channel.

Summary:
In this session, we continued the discussions on monotheism from the book. In this session, we talked about the attributes of God and how, from the viewpoint of theologians (mutakallimun), the discussion of God’s attributes should be approached.

The theologians first prove the power of the creator of the world, then they prove His knowledge. After that, they discuss how these two imply the existence of God, that the creator does not cease to exist, and they also address the eternal nature of the Divine Essence.

We discussed these topics and, on this occasion, addressed two important issues:

1. The difference between theologians and philosophers in their discussion of causality and the system of cause and effect, as well as the distinction between the Ash‘arites and the Mu‘tazilites of the Bahshamiyya school in this regard and in their view of nature.

2. The discussion of the rational soul (nafs nāṭiqa) from the perspective of philosophers and the difference between the philosophers’ and theologians’ viewpoints on this matter.

The theologians deny the existence of a rational soul in human beings.

#islamic_theology_structure_argumentation
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آشنایی با ساختار و نظام استدلالی متون کلاسيک در الهيات اسلامی، دکتر حسن انصاری

جلسه ششم: در اين جلسه دنباله مباحث توحيد از کتاب را پی گرفتيم. در اين جلسه درباره صفات خدا بحث کرديم. و اينکه از ديدگاه متکلمان چگونه بايد درباره صفات خدا بحث کرد. متکلمين نخست قادر بودن محدِث عالم را ثابت می کنند و بعد عالم بودن او را. بعد از اين بحث می کنند که از اين دو چگونه لازم می ايد موجود بودن خداوند و اينکه محدِث اينک معدوم نباشد و همچنين قديم بودن ذات حق متعال را بحث می کردند. اين مطالب را بحث کرديم و به مناسبت به دو موضوع مهم پرداختيم: ۱) تفاوت متکلمان و فلاسفه در بحث عليت و نظام مسببيت و فرق اشاعره و معتزله بهشمی در اين زمينه و در موضوع طبيعت. ۲) بحث نفس ناطقه از ديدگاه فلاسفه و تفاوت ديدگاه فلاسفه با متکلمين در اين زمينه. متکلمين منکر وجود نفس ناطقه اند برای انسان. (۱۴ اکتبر، ۲۰۲۵)

#الهیات_اسلامی_ساختار_نظام_استدلالی
@azbarresihayetarikhi
https://sites.mit.edu/zekrmit/
@zekrMIT
درس گفتارهای تاریخ اندیشه و تمدن اسلامی

🌐 بصورت مجازی، به فارسی

«آشنایی با ساختار و نظام استدلالی متون کلاسيک در الهيات اسلامی»
توسط دکتر حسن انصاری

موضوع: توحید

جلسه هفتم، سه شنبه ۲۱ اکتبر، ۸:۳۰ تا ۱۰:۱۵ شب (به وقت شرق آمریکا)

Zoom Participation (webinar):
https://mit.zoom.us/j/93933325521

چکیده:
بررسی "شرح جمل العلم والعمل".
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1UXKbI9f_4yi5jIa0_DfWa3Lkdq-jZkwD/view

در باره سخنران:
https://www.ias.edu/hs/ansari

#الهیات_اسلامی_ساختار_نظام_استدلالی
@azbarresihayetarikhi
https://sites.mit.edu/zekrmit/
@zekrMIT
Dua Kumayl & Lecture, Nahj al-Balagha Series

🔻Lecture 09: The Company of the Righteous: Imam ʿAlī’s Teachings on Advisors and the Ethics of Power

🌐
Hybrid, EN Lecture

Date
Thursday October 23rd, 2025
7:15 pm to 9:30 pm (Eastern Time)

Location
MIT Tang Center, E51-395, 2 Amherst St, Cambridge, MA 02142

Schedule
7:15-7:25 Quran Recitation
7:25-8:00 Dua Kumayl
8:00-8:45 Nahj al-Balagha Series, in English, H. I. Doagoo (joining by zoom)
Topic: "Letter 53, Letter of Imam Ali (p) to Malik al-Ashtar", Lec09
8:45-8:50 Q&A
8:50-9:00 Ziyarat Warith
9:00-9:30 Dinner

Zoom Participation (hybrid):
https://mit.zoom.us/j/95948516788

- About Speaker (Bio)

https://sites.mit.edu/zekrmit/
@zekrMIT
The Crescent Moon of the Month of Jumada al-Ula 1447 A.H.
From the Moon-Sighting Committee of The Council of Shia Muslim Scholars of North America - Read more here:
https://ow.ly/PFB250XgkVs

5 Jumada al-Ula (Oct. 28): Birth Anniversary of Sayyida Zaynab bint Ali (p), 5 A.H.
13 Jumada al-Ula (Nov. 5): Martyrdom Anniversary of Sayyida Fatimah al-Zahra (p), 11 A.H. (according to the second narration)
upcoming events, Oct 26-31, 2025

▫️Sun, Oct 26, 7:15-9:00 pm (virtual, EN)
Special Topics, 05, "Hikmah in the Qur'an", Farhad Ghoddoussi, Wayne State University, Michigan.

▫️Tue, Oct 28, 8:30-10:15 pm (virtual, FA w/ Subs)
Lecture Series, 08, "Structure and Argumentation in Islamic Theology", Hassan Ansari, IAS, Princeton.

▫️Fri, Oct 31, 7:30-9:30 pm (hybrid, EN)
Special Topics.

- All times US Eastern Time

visit us:
https://sites.mit.edu/zekrmit/
@zekrMIT
Special Topic Lecture Series, Lec05

🔻Topic: Wisdom (حکمة) and the Positive Law (قانون تشریعی): David (ع) the Wise Judge (Q38:17-26)

🌐 Virtual, EN Lecture

Date
Sunday October 26th, 2025
7:15 pm to 9:00 pm (Eastern Time)

Location
Online, Detail Below

Schedule
7:15-7:20 Login to Zoom
7:20-8:45 Lecture, in English, Dr. Farhad Ghoddoussi
Topic: “Hikmah in the Qur’an”, Lec05
8:45-9:00 Q&A

Zoom Participation (virtual):
https://mit.zoom.us/j/92377466698

- About Speaker (Bio)

#hikmah_quran
https://sites.mit.edu/zekrmit/
@zekrMIT
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PCj36nSUETI&list=PLRagz8v-1fF4Oi2EToPQJrvgbB3VgyVkk&t=1s

🔻"Hikmah in the Qur'an", Lec04
speaker, Dr. Farhad Ghoddoussi
Oct 19, 2025

Topic: Hikmah in the Signs of Apocalypse: A Commentary on the Q54:1–8

Summary:
In the fourth lecture we looked to the chronologically earliest instance of the use of the word Hikmah in the Qur'an, that is the verse Q54:5.
حِكْمَةٌ بَالِغَةٌ فَمَا تُغْنِ النُّذُرُ
‎[and representing] far-reaching wisdom; but warnings are of no avail! (Q54:5). In this lecture we focused on the commentary of the Q54:1-8 verses.

All commentators maintain that al-Qamar is a Makkan sūrah. After warning the opponents of the Prophet of the neatness of the judgment day (vv. 1–8), the sūrah cites the stories of the people of Noah, the tribes of ʿĀd and Thamūd, the people of Lot, and the people of Pharaoh as examples of previous peoples who were overthrown and punished for not heeding to the signs and the message of messengers of God coming to them.

The first two verses of the surah al-Qamar, namely: The Hour has drawn near and the moon is split. (1) If they see a sign, they turn away, and say, ‘An incessant magic!’ (2) are understood by the vast majority of commentators as a reference to a miracle performed by the Prophet. As described in a number of reports going back to some Companions, the moon appeared one night as if split into two distinct parts.

But a minority of the commentators from the first century have believed despite the tense of the verb انشق (splitted) used in verse Q54:1 is past tense this event does not refer to an event in the past (the time of Prophet) but rather, to a future event, namely, to what will happen when the Last Hour approaches. They argue Qur’ān frequently employs the past tense to denote the future, and particularly so in passages which speak of the coming of the Last Hour and of Resurrection Day; this use of the past tense is meant to stress the certainty of the happening to which the verb relates.

As Saqib Hussain among others has counter argued understanding "inshaqqa" انشق in future tense does however seem jarring in light of it being coordinated with iqtaraba, which is straightforwardly used in Q54:1for the past tense. Furthermore, the cosmic signs heralding the end times in early Meccan sūrahs tend to be a part of an idhā series (e.g., Q 81:1–13). The most serious obstacle to reading inshaqqa as a future tense (prophetic verb), however as Allamah Tabatabai has argued, are the subsequent verses, in which the Qur’an’s audience is accused of rejecting every sign (āyah) that they might see, and dismissing them as “never-ending deception,” strongly suggesting that the opening verse is referring to a specific incident that the audience had witnessed.

Among Western scholars who have examined the passage, A.Neuwirth, R. Bell, and Uri Rubin align with the majority of mufassirūn, insofar as they understand the verse to refer to an observable event that took place over the skies of Mecca in the past, namely a partial lunar eclipse. In such an occurrence, around half of the moon would have darkened over, thus phenomenologically appearing to be split.

In overall according to Allamah Tabatabai who based on the reports subscribes to a miraculous understanding of the split of the moon in verse Q54:1 Hikmah (wisdom) in Q54:4 signifies a true statement that is also beneficial, while the adjective balighah ('far reaching') is derived from "bulugh" (بلوغ), which literally means for something to arrive at its destination, but can also be used figuratively to denote the fullness or perfection of a thing.

Therefore, far-reaching wisdom means complete and perfect wisdom that is without deficiency or deficit, whether in of its own self or with regard to its effect. Thus, the meaning of the verse Q54:4 is: This Qur'an (or the message to which they are being called) is far-reaching wisdom(Hikmah), but they denied it and followed their own desires, so what benefit can a warner or warnings bring to them?

#hikmah_quran
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JKx6lSPmibM&list=PLRagz8v-1fF4nkf59fYO3vVVAHwqOGbpm&t=1s

🔻"Structure and Argumentation in Islamic Theology", Lec07
speaker, Dr. Hassan Ansari
Oct 21, 2025

🟥 Lecture in Persian, can be watched with closed caption (CC) and auto-translate on our channel.

Summary:
Continuing the discussions on monotheism from the book Jumal al-‘Ilm wa al-‘Amal by al-Sharif al-Murtada, in this session we addressed the theologians’ views regarding the existence and eternality of God as the Creator of the universe and the Maker and Originator of bodies and beings, and we examined their initial arguments on this subject.

#islamic_theology_structure_argumentation
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آشنایی با ساختار و نظام استدلالی متون کلاسيک در الهيات اسلامی، دکتر حسن انصاری

جلسه هفتم: در دنباله بحث های توحيد از کتاب جمل العلم والعمل تأليف شريف مرتضی در اين جلسه به موضوع ديدگاه متکلمان درباره موجودیت و قدیم بودن خداوند به عنوان محدث عالم و فاعل و آفريننده اجسام و موجودات پرداختیم و استدلال های اوليه آنان را در اين زمينه بررسی کرديم. (۲۱ اکتبر، ۲۰۲۵)

#الهیات_اسلامی_ساختار_نظام_استدلالی
@azbarresihayetarikhi
https://sites.mit.edu/zekrmit/
@zekrMIT
درس گفتارهای تاریخ اندیشه و تمدن اسلامی

🌐 بصورت مجازی، به فارسی

«آشنایی با ساختار و نظام استدلالی متون کلاسيک در الهيات اسلامی»
توسط دکتر حسن انصاری

موضوع: توحید

جلسه هشتم، سه شنبه ۲۸ اکتبر، ۸:۳۰ تا ۱۰:۱۵ شب (به وقت شرق آمریکا)

Zoom Participation (webinar):
https://mit.zoom.us/j/93933325521

چکیده:
بررسی "شرح جمل العلم والعمل".
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1UXKbI9f_4yi5jIa0_DfWa3Lkdq-jZkwD/view

در باره سخنران:
https://www.ias.edu/hs/ansari

#الهیات_اسلامی_ساختار_نظام_استدلالی
@azbarresihayetarikhi
https://sites.mit.edu/zekrmit/
@zekrMIT