https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=74PqYn1w0DM&list=PLRagz8v-1fF7hvJEPcEyp_xo0h7wSkz9N&t=1s
"The History of Ahl al-Sunnah wa al-Jama’ah", Lectures 8, 9, 10
speaker, Dr. Hassan Ansari
Jun 3, 9, 10, 2025
🟥 Lectures in Farsi, can be watched with closed caption (CC) and auto-translate on our channel.
Sessions 8, 9, 10:
In sessions 8, 9, and 10, following the previous discussions, we explored the historical development of the foundational elements of the Sunni school of thought during the Umayyad period. We discussed the various types of efforts to build consensus from diverse traditions and analyzed the influence of the Syrian (Shami) school on the formation of the concept of "Sunnah." We read and analyzed numerous documents from the first two to three centuries of Islam.
In these sessions, we also addressed the emergence of a class of scholars/jurists of the "Sunnah" who gradually, during the Umayyad period, gained control over local and regional powers in various provinces, some of whom were supported by the caliphal institution in Damascus. This essentially laid the groundwork for the semantic expansion of the concept of Sunnah and established dominant Islam beyond the authority of the caliph, as a religious tradition. It also reconstructed the religious authority of the Sunnah in the form of Hadith, Sunnah, and Sunni scholars.
This period was in fact an era of codification, and we examined the transformations of the elements that shaped the Sunnah and the community (Jama'ah) during this time by looking at the historical relationships between scholars and jurists and the Umayyad state, along with reading a number of texts.
In particular, we discussed how it was during the Mihna (Inquisition) period and the rise of the Baghdad-based Hadith scholars led by Ahmad ibn Hanbal that the Shami/Umayyad school and its interpretation of the Sunnah were revived. This revival was then used in the political and power dynamics between the Hadith scholars on one side and the Abbasid caliph al-Ma'mun and his successors on the other.
We also paid attention to the roles of the Mu'tazilites, the Shi'a, and the Murji'ah in the debates surrounding the Imamate, the doctrine of predestination, and the Arab-centric superiority in contrast to the Shu'ubiyya movement.
#sunnah_wa_jamaah
"The History of Ahl al-Sunnah wa al-Jama’ah", Lectures 8, 9, 10
speaker, Dr. Hassan Ansari
Jun 3, 9, 10, 2025
Sessions 8, 9, 10:
In sessions 8, 9, and 10, following the previous discussions, we explored the historical development of the foundational elements of the Sunni school of thought during the Umayyad period. We discussed the various types of efforts to build consensus from diverse traditions and analyzed the influence of the Syrian (Shami) school on the formation of the concept of "Sunnah." We read and analyzed numerous documents from the first two to three centuries of Islam.
In these sessions, we also addressed the emergence of a class of scholars/jurists of the "Sunnah" who gradually, during the Umayyad period, gained control over local and regional powers in various provinces, some of whom were supported by the caliphal institution in Damascus. This essentially laid the groundwork for the semantic expansion of the concept of Sunnah and established dominant Islam beyond the authority of the caliph, as a religious tradition. It also reconstructed the religious authority of the Sunnah in the form of Hadith, Sunnah, and Sunni scholars.
This period was in fact an era of codification, and we examined the transformations of the elements that shaped the Sunnah and the community (Jama'ah) during this time by looking at the historical relationships between scholars and jurists and the Umayyad state, along with reading a number of texts.
In particular, we discussed how it was during the Mihna (Inquisition) period and the rise of the Baghdad-based Hadith scholars led by Ahmad ibn Hanbal that the Shami/Umayyad school and its interpretation of the Sunnah were revived. This revival was then used in the political and power dynamics between the Hadith scholars on one side and the Abbasid caliph al-Ma'mun and his successors on the other.
We also paid attention to the roles of the Mu'tazilites, the Shi'a, and the Murji'ah in the debates surrounding the Imamate, the doctrine of predestination, and the Arab-centric superiority in contrast to the Shu'ubiyya movement.
#sunnah_wa_jamaah
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[8] The History of Ahl al-Sunnah wa al-Jama’ah, Dr. Hassan Ansari
Lecture in Farsi, can be watched with closed caption (CC) and auto-translate.
Session 8:
In sessions 8, 9, and 10, following the previous discussions, we explored the historical development of the foundational elements of the Sunni school of thought during…
Session 8:
In sessions 8, 9, and 10, following the previous discussions, we explored the historical development of the foundational elements of the Sunni school of thought during…
Audio
تاریخ اهل سنت و جماعت، دکتر حسن انصاری
جلسات هشتم، نهم، دهم: در اين سه جلسه در دنباله مباحث قبل مراحل تحول تاريخی عناصر سازنده مکتب اهل سنت و جماعت را در دوران اموی پی گرفتيم. گونه های مختلف تلاش ها برای اجماع سازی از سنت های متنوع را بحث کردیم و تأثير مکتب شام را در شکل گیری مفهوم سنت مورد تحلیل قرار دادیم و اسناد متعددی را از دو سه قرن نخست خواندیم و تحلیل کردیم. در اين سه جلسه همچنين به موضوع شکل گيری طبقه ای از علما/ فقهای "سنت" پرداختيم که به تدريج در دوران اموی در کنار نهاد خلافت قدرت های محلی و بومی در امصار مختلف را به دست آوردند و بخشی از آنها مورد حمايت نهاد خلافت دمشق بودند. اين در واقع زمینه را برای بسط معنایی مفهوم سنت ایجاد کرد و اسلام مسلط را فراتر از قدرت خلیفه به مثابه یک سنت دینی تأسيس کرد و مرجعیت دینی سنت را در قالب حدیث و سنت و علمای سنت بازسازی کرد. این دوره در واقع دوره تدوین بود و ما تحولات عناصر شکل دهنده سنت و جماعت را در این دوران با نگاهی به تاریخ مناسبات علما و فقیهان با دولت اموی و خواندن شماری از متون به بحث گذاشتیم. در اين جلسات به طور خاص اين نکته را بحث کرديم که اين در واقع در دوران محنه و عصر قدرت گرفتن اصحاب حديث بغدادی به رهبری احمد بن حنبل بود که مکتب شامی/ بنی اميه و تفسير آنان از سنت دیگربار احیاء شد و از آن در معادله سیاسی و قدرت ميان اصحاب حديث از یک سو و خليفه عباسی مأمون و اخلافش از دیگر سو استفاده شد. همچنین نقش معتزله، شيعه و مرجئه در بحث های امامت، عقيده جبر و برتری جویی عنصر عرب در تقابل با شعوبيه را در اين جلسات مورد توجه قرار داديم. (۳، ۹، ۱۰ جون ، ۲۰۲۵)
#سنت_و_جماعت
@azbarresihayetarikhi
https://sites.mit.edu/zekrmit/
@zekrMIT
جلسات هشتم، نهم، دهم: در اين سه جلسه در دنباله مباحث قبل مراحل تحول تاريخی عناصر سازنده مکتب اهل سنت و جماعت را در دوران اموی پی گرفتيم. گونه های مختلف تلاش ها برای اجماع سازی از سنت های متنوع را بحث کردیم و تأثير مکتب شام را در شکل گیری مفهوم سنت مورد تحلیل قرار دادیم و اسناد متعددی را از دو سه قرن نخست خواندیم و تحلیل کردیم. در اين سه جلسه همچنين به موضوع شکل گيری طبقه ای از علما/ فقهای "سنت" پرداختيم که به تدريج در دوران اموی در کنار نهاد خلافت قدرت های محلی و بومی در امصار مختلف را به دست آوردند و بخشی از آنها مورد حمايت نهاد خلافت دمشق بودند. اين در واقع زمینه را برای بسط معنایی مفهوم سنت ایجاد کرد و اسلام مسلط را فراتر از قدرت خلیفه به مثابه یک سنت دینی تأسيس کرد و مرجعیت دینی سنت را در قالب حدیث و سنت و علمای سنت بازسازی کرد. این دوره در واقع دوره تدوین بود و ما تحولات عناصر شکل دهنده سنت و جماعت را در این دوران با نگاهی به تاریخ مناسبات علما و فقیهان با دولت اموی و خواندن شماری از متون به بحث گذاشتیم. در اين جلسات به طور خاص اين نکته را بحث کرديم که اين در واقع در دوران محنه و عصر قدرت گرفتن اصحاب حديث بغدادی به رهبری احمد بن حنبل بود که مکتب شامی/ بنی اميه و تفسير آنان از سنت دیگربار احیاء شد و از آن در معادله سیاسی و قدرت ميان اصحاب حديث از یک سو و خليفه عباسی مأمون و اخلافش از دیگر سو استفاده شد. همچنین نقش معتزله، شيعه و مرجئه در بحث های امامت، عقيده جبر و برتری جویی عنصر عرب در تقابل با شعوبيه را در اين جلسات مورد توجه قرار داديم. (۳، ۹، ۱۰ جون ، ۲۰۲۵)
#سنت_و_جماعت
@azbarresihayetarikhi
https://sites.mit.edu/zekrmit/
@zekrMIT
Special Topics, Muharram 2025
🌐 Hybrid, in English
Date
Friday July 25th, 2025
6:45 pm to 9:30 pm (Eastern Time)
Location
MIT Tang Center, E51-395, 2 Amherst St, Cambridge, MA 02142
Schedule
6:45-7:00 Ziyarat Ale-Yasin
7:00-8:25 Lecture, in English, Dr. Farhad Ghoddoussi (joining by zoom)
Title: “A Brief Look to the Mukhtar al-Thaqafi Movement”
8:25-8:30 Q&A
8:31-8:50 Prayer
8:50-9:30 Dinner
- About Speaker (Bio)
Zoom Participation (hybrid):
https://mit.zoom.us/j/95948516788
https://sites.mit.edu/zekrmit/
@zekrMIT
🌐 Hybrid, in English
Date
Friday July 25th, 2025
6:45 pm to 9:30 pm (Eastern Time)
Location
MIT Tang Center, E51-395, 2 Amherst St, Cambridge, MA 02142
Schedule
6:45-7:00 Ziyarat Ale-Yasin
7:00-8:25 Lecture, in English, Dr. Farhad Ghoddoussi (joining by zoom)
Title: “A Brief Look to the Mukhtar al-Thaqafi Movement”
8:25-8:30 Q&A
8:31-8:50 Prayer
8:50-9:30 Dinner
- About Speaker (Bio)
Zoom Participation (hybrid):
https://mit.zoom.us/j/95948516788
https://sites.mit.edu/zekrmit/
@zekrMIT
ZEKR, MIT Shia Muslim Association
Special Topics, Muharram 2025 🌐 Hybrid, in English Date Friday July 25th, 2025 6:45 pm to 9:30 pm (Eastern Time) Location MIT Tang Center, E51-395, 2 Amherst St, Cambridge, MA 02142 Schedule 6:45-7:00 Ziyarat Ale-Yasin 7:00-8:25 Lecture, in English, Dr.…
Abstract:
The Mukhtar movement, led by Mukhtar al-Thaqafi, was the second major pro-Alid uprising after Karbala, gaining momentum after the Tawwabin's defeat in 685. Unlike the Tawwabin, Mukhtar pursued long-term political goals, advocating for an Alid caliphate under Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyya and building a diverse coalition that included both Arabs and non-Arab converts. He seized Kufa in October 685, expanded control across Iraq and parts of Iran, and avenged Hussein’s death by targeting key figures like Umar ibn Sa’d and Shimr ibn Dhi’l-Jawshan. The movement peaked with the decisive victory at the Battle of Khazir in 686, where Mukhtar’s general killed Ubayd Allah ibn Ziyad, but ended with Mukhtar’s death in 687, leaving a lasting legacy in Shia history.
The Mukhtar movement, led by Mukhtar al-Thaqafi, was the second major pro-Alid uprising after Karbala, gaining momentum after the Tawwabin's defeat in 685. Unlike the Tawwabin, Mukhtar pursued long-term political goals, advocating for an Alid caliphate under Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyya and building a diverse coalition that included both Arabs and non-Arab converts. He seized Kufa in October 685, expanded control across Iraq and parts of Iran, and avenged Hussein’s death by targeting key figures like Umar ibn Sa’d and Shimr ibn Dhi’l-Jawshan. The movement peaked with the decisive victory at the Battle of Khazir in 686, where Mukhtar’s general killed Ubayd Allah ibn Ziyad, but ended with Mukhtar’s death in 687, leaving a lasting legacy in Shia history.
The Crescent Moon of the Month of Safar, 1447 A.H.
From the Moon-Sighting Committee of The Council of Shia Muslim Scholars of North America - Read more here:
https://ow.ly/wj3m50WuGBo
7 Safar (Aug. 1): Martyrdom of Imam Hasan al-Mujtaba (p), 50 AH
7 Safar (Aug. 1): Birth of Imam Musa al-Kadhim (p), 128 AH
17 Safar (Aug. 11): Martyrdom of Imam Ali ibn Musa al-Rida (p), 203 AH
20 Safar (Aug. 14): Arbaeen - The Anniversary of the 40th day of the Martyrdom of Imam Hussain (p), 61 AH
28 Safar (Aug. 22): Death Anniversary of Prophet Muhammad al-Mustafa (pbuh&hp), 11 AH
From the Moon-Sighting Committee of The Council of Shia Muslim Scholars of North America - Read more here:
https://ow.ly/wj3m50WuGBo
7 Safar (Aug. 1): Martyrdom of Imam Hasan al-Mujtaba (p), 50 AH
7 Safar (Aug. 1): Birth of Imam Musa al-Kadhim (p), 128 AH
17 Safar (Aug. 11): Martyrdom of Imam Ali ibn Musa al-Rida (p), 203 AH
20 Safar (Aug. 14): Arbaeen - The Anniversary of the 40th day of the Martyrdom of Imam Hussain (p), 61 AH
28 Safar (Aug. 22): Death Anniversary of Prophet Muhammad al-Mustafa (pbuh&hp), 11 AH
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=chp6PXvl5hk&t=1s
"A Brief Look to the Mukhtar al-Thaqafi Movement"
speaker: Dr. Farhad Ghoddoussi
Jul 25, 2025
summary:
In this lecture, we briefly looked to the movement of Mukhtar al-Thaqafi.
The Mukhtar movement, led by Mukhtar al-Thaqafi, was the second major pro-Alid uprising after Karbala, gaining momentum after the Tawwabin's defeat in 685. Unlike the Tawwabin, Mukhtar pursued long-term political goals, advocating for an Alid caliphate under Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyya and building a diverse coalition that included both Arabs and non-Arab converts. He seized Kufa in October 685, expanded control across Iraq and parts of Iran, and avenged Hussein’s death by targeting key figures like Umar ibn Sa’d and Shimr ibn Dhi’l-Jawshan. The movement peaked with the decisive victory at the Battle of Khazir in 686, where Mukhtar’s general killed Ubayd Allah ibn Ziyad, but ended with Mukhtar’s death in 687, leaving a lasting legacy in Shia history.
"A Brief Look to the Mukhtar al-Thaqafi Movement"
speaker: Dr. Farhad Ghoddoussi
Jul 25, 2025
summary:
In this lecture, we briefly looked to the movement of Mukhtar al-Thaqafi.
The Mukhtar movement, led by Mukhtar al-Thaqafi, was the second major pro-Alid uprising after Karbala, gaining momentum after the Tawwabin's defeat in 685. Unlike the Tawwabin, Mukhtar pursued long-term political goals, advocating for an Alid caliphate under Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyya and building a diverse coalition that included both Arabs and non-Arab converts. He seized Kufa in October 685, expanded control across Iraq and parts of Iran, and avenged Hussein’s death by targeting key figures like Umar ibn Sa’d and Shimr ibn Dhi’l-Jawshan. The movement peaked with the decisive victory at the Battle of Khazir in 686, where Mukhtar’s general killed Ubayd Allah ibn Ziyad, but ended with Mukhtar’s death in 687, leaving a lasting legacy in Shia history.
YouTube
A Brief Look to the Mukhtar al-Thaqafi Movement, Dr. Farhad Ghoddoussi
Muharram 2025, MIT
summary:
In this lecture, we briefly looked to the movement of Mukhtar al-Thaqafi.
The Mukhtar movement, led by Mukhtar al-Thaqafi, was the second major pro-Alid uprising after Karbala, gaining momentum after the Tawwabin's defeat in…
summary:
In this lecture, we briefly looked to the movement of Mukhtar al-Thaqafi.
The Mukhtar movement, led by Mukhtar al-Thaqafi, was the second major pro-Alid uprising after Karbala, gaining momentum after the Tawwabin's defeat in…
Special Topic Lecture Series
🌐 Virtual, in English
Title: "Sunni Views on Imam Hussain (a.s.) Movement"
Speaker: Farhad Ghoddoussi (Bio)
Time: Sun-Tue, Aug 3-5, 2025, 8:30-10:00 pm ET
Lec1: Classical Period
Lec2: Contemporary Intellectuals
Lec3: Contemporary Clergies
Zoom Participation (virtual):
https://mit.zoom.us/j/92377466698
Meeting ID: 923 7746 6698
#Imam_Hussain_Movement_Sunni_Views
https://sites.mit.edu/zekrmit/
@zekrMIT
🌐 Virtual, in English
Title: "Sunni Views on Imam Hussain (a.s.) Movement"
Speaker: Farhad Ghoddoussi (Bio)
Time: Sun-Tue, Aug 3-5, 2025, 8:30-10:00 pm ET
Lec1: Classical Period
Lec2: Contemporary Intellectuals
Lec3: Contemporary Clergies
Zoom Participation (virtual):
https://mit.zoom.us/j/92377466698
Meeting ID: 923 7746 6698
#Imam_Hussain_Movement_Sunni_Views
https://sites.mit.edu/zekrmit/
@zekrMIT
Dua Kumayl & Lecture, Dedicated to Imam Hasan al-Mujtaba (p) and Imam Musa al-Kadhim (p)
🌐 Hybrid, in English
Date
Thursday July 31st, 2025
6:45 pm to 9:30 pm (Eastern Time)
Location
MIT Tang Center, E51-395, 2 Amherst St, Cambridge, MA 02142
Schedule
6:45-6:55 Quran Recitation
6:55-7:30 Dua Kumayl
7:30-8:15 Lecture, in English, Dr. Hassan Khalil
Title: “The Ethical Paradigm of Imam Musa al-Kadhim (as)”
8:15-8:20 Q&A
8:20-8:25 Ziyarat
8:25-8:45 Prayer
8:45-9:30 Dinner
- About Speaker (Bio)
Zoom Participation (hybrid):
https://mit.zoom.us/j/95948516788
https://sites.mit.edu/zekrmit/
@zekrMIT
🌐 Hybrid, in English
Date
Thursday July 31st, 2025
6:45 pm to 9:30 pm (Eastern Time)
Location
MIT Tang Center, E51-395, 2 Amherst St, Cambridge, MA 02142
Schedule
6:45-6:55 Quran Recitation
6:55-7:30 Dua Kumayl
7:30-8:15 Lecture, in English, Dr. Hassan Khalil
Title: “The Ethical Paradigm of Imam Musa al-Kadhim (as)”
8:15-8:20 Q&A
8:20-8:25 Ziyarat
8:25-8:45 Prayer
8:45-9:30 Dinner
- About Speaker (Bio)
Zoom Participation (hybrid):
https://mit.zoom.us/j/95948516788
https://sites.mit.edu/zekrmit/
@zekrMIT
اللّٰهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَى الْأَمِينِ الْمُؤْتَمَنِ مُوسَى بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ الْبَرِّ الْوَفِيِّ، الطَّاهِرِ الزَّكِيِّ، النُّورِ الْمُبِينِ ، الْمُجْتَهِدِ الْمُحْتَسِبِ الصَّابِرِ عَلَى الْأَذىٰ فِيكَ . اللّٰهُمَّ وَكَما بَلَّغَ عَنْ آبائِهِ مَا اسْتُودِعَ مِنْ أَمْرِكَ وَنَهْيِكَ، وَحَمَلَ عَلَى الْمَحَجَّةِ، وَكابَدَ أَهْلَ الْعِزَّةِ وَالشِّدَّةِ فِيما كانَ يَلْقىٰ مِنْ جُهَّالِ قَوْمِهِ، رَبِّ فَصَلِّ عَلَيْهِ أَفْضَلَ وَأَكْمَلَ مَا صَلَّيْتَ عَلَىٰ أَحَدٍ مِمَّنْ أَطاعَكَ وَنَصَحَ لِعِبادِكَ إِنَّكَ غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ.
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLRagz8v-1fF7hvJEPcEyp_xo0h7wSkz9N
"The History of Ahl al-Sunnah wa al-Jama’ah", 10 Sessions
speaker, Dr. Hassan Ansari
Apr 15 - Jun 10, 2025
🟥 Lectures in Farsi, can be watched with closed caption (CC) and auto-translate on our channel.
#sunnah_wa_jamaah
"The History of Ahl al-Sunnah wa al-Jama’ah", 10 Sessions
speaker, Dr. Hassan Ansari
Apr 15 - Jun 10, 2025
#sunnah_wa_jamaah
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مجموعه درسگفتار «تاریخ اهل سنت و جماعت» (۱۰ جلسه)
حسن انصاری
موسسه مطالعات پیشرفته، پرینستون، نیوجرسی
فایل های تصویری و صوتی جلسات:
▪️ویدیوی درسگفتارها:
مجموعه یوتیوب را می توانید در اینجا پیدا نمایید
▪️عنوان و پیوند فایلهای صوتی جلسات:
جلسه اول:
مناسبات تاريخی شيعه با مکاتب مختلف اهل سنت و همچنين مناسبات تاريخی مکاتب مختلف اهل سنت با يکديگر.
جلسه دوم:
اهل سنت و جماعت پدیده ای متأخر از وجود مکاتب دیگر مانند شیعه و معتزله و جهمیه و مرجئه؛ عصر اموی و چگونه "سنت" و "جماعت" از این زمان به بعد و به تدریج معنا پیدا کرد.
جلسه سوم:
سهم حکومت اموی و به طور خاص معاویه در ساختن مفاهيمی مانند "سنت"، "طاعت"، "بدعت" و "جماعت"؛ چگونه طبقه ای از علمای شام در عصر صحابه و به ويژه تابعين در ساختن نوعی از منظومه باورهای دينی و مذهبی که بعدها نام "سنت" گرفت سهم اصلی را داشتند.
جلسه چهارم:
بررسی چند سند مهم متعلق به علمای دوره اموی و شاميان در دو قرن نخست اسلامی و نوع نگاه آنان به "سنت"، "جماعت" و مسئله خلافت.
جلسه پنجم:
ديدگاه های امويان و مکتب شام درباره خلافت امير المؤمنين (ع) و ادعای خلافت معاويه.
جلسه ششم:
بررسی تعدادی از مهمترين اسناد و متون مرتبط از سده سوم قمری و اینکه برخلاف آنچه از اواخر سده سوم قمری به بعد ادعا شد "سنت" در زمينه موضوع خلافت به عنوان واکنشی به آنچه بعدا "بدعت" خوانده شد تأسيس شد.
جلسه هفتم:
تاريخ ارتودکسی اسلام اهل سنت و جماعت در خصوص دو موضوع خلفای راشدين و تفضيل صحابه و خلفا و بازخوانی مدارکی از سده سوم.
جلسات هشتم، نهم، دهم:
مراحل تحول تاريخی عناصر سازنده مکتب اهل سنت و جماعت در دوران اموی؛ گونه های مختلف تلاش ها برای اجماع سازی از سنت های متنوع و تأثير مکتب شام در شکل گیری مفهوم سنت؛ شکل گيری طبقه ای از علما/ فقهای "سنت" که به تدريج در دوران اموی در کنار نهاد خلافت قدرت های محلی و بومی در امصار مختلف را به دست آوردند؛ نقش معتزله، شيعه و مرجئه در بحث های امامت، عقيده جبر و برتری جویی عنصر عرب در تقابل با شعوبيه.
۱۵ آپریل تا ۱۰ جون، ۲۰۲۵
#سنت_و_جماعت
@azbarresihayetarikhi
https://sites.mit.edu/zekrmit/
@zekrMIT
حسن انصاری
موسسه مطالعات پیشرفته، پرینستون، نیوجرسی
فایل های تصویری و صوتی جلسات:
▪️ویدیوی درسگفتارها:
مجموعه یوتیوب را می توانید در اینجا پیدا نمایید
▪️عنوان و پیوند فایلهای صوتی جلسات:
جلسه اول:
مناسبات تاريخی شيعه با مکاتب مختلف اهل سنت و همچنين مناسبات تاريخی مکاتب مختلف اهل سنت با يکديگر.
جلسه دوم:
اهل سنت و جماعت پدیده ای متأخر از وجود مکاتب دیگر مانند شیعه و معتزله و جهمیه و مرجئه؛ عصر اموی و چگونه "سنت" و "جماعت" از این زمان به بعد و به تدریج معنا پیدا کرد.
جلسه سوم:
سهم حکومت اموی و به طور خاص معاویه در ساختن مفاهيمی مانند "سنت"، "طاعت"، "بدعت" و "جماعت"؛ چگونه طبقه ای از علمای شام در عصر صحابه و به ويژه تابعين در ساختن نوعی از منظومه باورهای دينی و مذهبی که بعدها نام "سنت" گرفت سهم اصلی را داشتند.
جلسه چهارم:
بررسی چند سند مهم متعلق به علمای دوره اموی و شاميان در دو قرن نخست اسلامی و نوع نگاه آنان به "سنت"، "جماعت" و مسئله خلافت.
جلسه پنجم:
ديدگاه های امويان و مکتب شام درباره خلافت امير المؤمنين (ع) و ادعای خلافت معاويه.
جلسه ششم:
بررسی تعدادی از مهمترين اسناد و متون مرتبط از سده سوم قمری و اینکه برخلاف آنچه از اواخر سده سوم قمری به بعد ادعا شد "سنت" در زمينه موضوع خلافت به عنوان واکنشی به آنچه بعدا "بدعت" خوانده شد تأسيس شد.
جلسه هفتم:
تاريخ ارتودکسی اسلام اهل سنت و جماعت در خصوص دو موضوع خلفای راشدين و تفضيل صحابه و خلفا و بازخوانی مدارکی از سده سوم.
جلسات هشتم، نهم، دهم:
مراحل تحول تاريخی عناصر سازنده مکتب اهل سنت و جماعت در دوران اموی؛ گونه های مختلف تلاش ها برای اجماع سازی از سنت های متنوع و تأثير مکتب شام در شکل گیری مفهوم سنت؛ شکل گيری طبقه ای از علما/ فقهای "سنت" که به تدريج در دوران اموی در کنار نهاد خلافت قدرت های محلی و بومی در امصار مختلف را به دست آوردند؛ نقش معتزله، شيعه و مرجئه در بحث های امامت، عقيده جبر و برتری جویی عنصر عرب در تقابل با شعوبيه.
۱۵ آپریل تا ۱۰ جون، ۲۰۲۵
#سنت_و_جماعت
@azbarresihayetarikhi
https://sites.mit.edu/zekrmit/
@zekrMIT
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nxwAKNa62kE&list=PLRagz8v-1fF7_AqcNeT2M9iFTWu86TL0m&t=1s
"Qur'an and Yemen", Lec6
speaker: Dr. Farhad Ghoddoussi
Jun 15, 2025
summary:
In this sixth session we looked to the commentary of the Surah Quraysh the 106th surah of Quran. The naming of this surah is after the قریش, the tribe of prophet Muhammad(ص) which is mentioned in the first verse of this surah.The two concepts which are important for understanding this surah are ایلاف (solidarity) and رحله (journey) of Quraysh.
The Ilaf of Quraysh (إيلاف قريش) refers to a sophisticated system of trade agreements, political alliances, and social solidarity that emerged in the late 5th and early 6th century, after Qusayy ibn Kilab the 5th ancestor of Prophet Muhammad (ص) unified the scattered Quraysh clans and expelled the Khuza'a tribe and established Quraysh control over Mecca. This system allowed the establishment of trade caravans and journeys in winter to Yemen (a hub for Indian Ocean trade) and in summer to Gaza and Syria.
Western Scholars have engaged in a significant debate regarding the nature and extent of Mecca's trade in pre-Islamic antiquity, particularly its involvement in the trans-Arabian caravan trade and the Incense Road. Patricia Crone objects to the idea of Meccan commercial supremacy, especially in spices and contends that the transportation of perfumes by sea had become the norm as early as the first century BCE, making it unlikely for overland routes to compete effectively or retain importance until Mecca's rise. Crone suggests that Meccan traders, while active as far as Syria and Najrān, did not primarily trade in perfumes or spices. Instead, their main commodities were leather and other merchandise of local importance. She also argues that Mecca was situated far away from the Incense Road. Furthermore, Crone posits that Arabian frankincense and related products had ceased to be of economic importance in the Greco-Roman world by the third century CE due to a collapse in the Roman market for perfumes.
R. B. Serjeant's focusing primarily on Arabic/Islamic sources, counters Crone's views and clarifies that the sources do not suggest Meccan domination of trade between northern Arabia and southern Syria, but rather their active engagement in it. He asserts that the Qurayshī merchants did trade in Yemenite luxury cloth, perfumes, and spices, and that their leather goods could have been important in distant markets like Dhofar (Yemen) and Syria. Serjeant also convincingly defends the notion that Qurʾān 106:1–4 refers to the Meccans’ trading journeys to Yemen (winter) and Syria (summer), which were based on security pacts with neighboring tribes.
Mikhail Bukharin's directly addresses Crone's claim that sea transport superseded land routes by explaining why Roman naval traders were "neither interested in, nor capable of taking aboard incense from Qanaʾ (South Yemen)". This was due to the timing of monsoon winds (southwest monsoon from April-September for reaching India, northeast monsoon from October-March for return) and the frankincense harvesting seasons (April-June in Dhofar, mid-June to mid-September in eastern Najd for top quality gum), which were generally too early for Roman shipping schedules from Red Sea ports.
Regarding Mecca's position, Bukharin states that its location on the Incense Road is determined by the geological relief of the southern Ḥijāz. He concludes that geologically and topographically, Mecca had to lie on the Incense Road.
Bukharin argues that by the mid-2nd century CE, the region around Mecca was known to Greeks and Romans, likely identified as Ptolemy's Macoraba. Due to Mecca’s lack of natural resources, its people turned to long-distance trade and relied on imported food. He also notes that "Arabian wine" from grape-rich, Jewish-dominated aṭ-Ṭāʾif—two days from Mecca—was exported to India in the 1st century CE. Quraysh caravans commonly transported grapes (raisins) and leather.
#Quran_Pre_Islamic_South_Arabia
"Qur'an and Yemen", Lec6
speaker: Dr. Farhad Ghoddoussi
Jun 15, 2025
summary:
In this sixth session we looked to the commentary of the Surah Quraysh the 106th surah of Quran. The naming of this surah is after the قریش, the tribe of prophet Muhammad(ص) which is mentioned in the first verse of this surah.The two concepts which are important for understanding this surah are ایلاف (solidarity) and رحله (journey) of Quraysh.
The Ilaf of Quraysh (إيلاف قريش) refers to a sophisticated system of trade agreements, political alliances, and social solidarity that emerged in the late 5th and early 6th century, after Qusayy ibn Kilab the 5th ancestor of Prophet Muhammad (ص) unified the scattered Quraysh clans and expelled the Khuza'a tribe and established Quraysh control over Mecca. This system allowed the establishment of trade caravans and journeys in winter to Yemen (a hub for Indian Ocean trade) and in summer to Gaza and Syria.
Western Scholars have engaged in a significant debate regarding the nature and extent of Mecca's trade in pre-Islamic antiquity, particularly its involvement in the trans-Arabian caravan trade and the Incense Road. Patricia Crone objects to the idea of Meccan commercial supremacy, especially in spices and contends that the transportation of perfumes by sea had become the norm as early as the first century BCE, making it unlikely for overland routes to compete effectively or retain importance until Mecca's rise. Crone suggests that Meccan traders, while active as far as Syria and Najrān, did not primarily trade in perfumes or spices. Instead, their main commodities were leather and other merchandise of local importance. She also argues that Mecca was situated far away from the Incense Road. Furthermore, Crone posits that Arabian frankincense and related products had ceased to be of economic importance in the Greco-Roman world by the third century CE due to a collapse in the Roman market for perfumes.
R. B. Serjeant's focusing primarily on Arabic/Islamic sources, counters Crone's views and clarifies that the sources do not suggest Meccan domination of trade between northern Arabia and southern Syria, but rather their active engagement in it. He asserts that the Qurayshī merchants did trade in Yemenite luxury cloth, perfumes, and spices, and that their leather goods could have been important in distant markets like Dhofar (Yemen) and Syria. Serjeant also convincingly defends the notion that Qurʾān 106:1–4 refers to the Meccans’ trading journeys to Yemen (winter) and Syria (summer), which were based on security pacts with neighboring tribes.
Mikhail Bukharin's directly addresses Crone's claim that sea transport superseded land routes by explaining why Roman naval traders were "neither interested in, nor capable of taking aboard incense from Qanaʾ (South Yemen)". This was due to the timing of monsoon winds (southwest monsoon from April-September for reaching India, northeast monsoon from October-March for return) and the frankincense harvesting seasons (April-June in Dhofar, mid-June to mid-September in eastern Najd for top quality gum), which were generally too early for Roman shipping schedules from Red Sea ports.
Regarding Mecca's position, Bukharin states that its location on the Incense Road is determined by the geological relief of the southern Ḥijāz. He concludes that geologically and topographically, Mecca had to lie on the Incense Road.
Bukharin argues that by the mid-2nd century CE, the region around Mecca was known to Greeks and Romans, likely identified as Ptolemy's Macoraba. Due to Mecca’s lack of natural resources, its people turned to long-distance trade and relied on imported food. He also notes that "Arabian wine" from grape-rich, Jewish-dominated aṭ-Ṭāʾif—two days from Mecca—was exported to India in the 1st century CE. Quraysh caravans commonly transported grapes (raisins) and leather.
#Quran_Pre_Islamic_South_Arabia
YouTube
[6] Qur'an and Yemen, Dr. Farhad Ghoddoussi
"Qur'an and Yemen: Looking at the Quranic Verses related to Pre-Islamic South Arabia"
summary:
In this sixth session we looked to the commentary of the Surah Quraysh the 106th surah of Quran. The naming of this surah is after the قریش, the tribe of prophet…
summary:
In this sixth session we looked to the commentary of the Surah Quraysh the 106th surah of Quran. The naming of this surah is after the قریش, the tribe of prophet…
Special Event, Program for Arbaeen
Speaker: Dr. Sadik Kassim (Bio)
Lecture: "The Walk Never Ends: From Zaynab's Majlis to Zayn al-ʿĀbidīn's Duʿāʾ to Zohran's Megaphone"
Date
Friday August 8th, 2025
6:45 pm to 9:30 pm (Eastern Time)
Location
MIT Student Center, 3rd Floor, Twenty Chimneys, 84 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139
Schedule
6:45-6:55 Quran Recitation
6:55-7:00 Poem
7:00-8:00 Lecture and Q&A, in English
Maghrib: Prayer
8:35-9:00 Mourning Ritual, Ziyarat Imam Hussain (p)
9:00-9:30 Dinner
https://sites.mit.edu/zekrmit/
@zekrMIT
Speaker: Dr. Sadik Kassim (Bio)
Lecture: "The Walk Never Ends: From Zaynab's Majlis to Zayn al-ʿĀbidīn's Duʿāʾ to Zohran's Megaphone"
Date
Friday August 8th, 2025
6:45 pm to 9:30 pm (Eastern Time)
Location
MIT Student Center, 3rd Floor, Twenty Chimneys, 84 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139
Schedule
6:45-6:55 Quran Recitation
6:55-7:00 Poem
7:00-8:00 Lecture and Q&A, in English
Maghrib: Prayer
8:35-9:00 Mourning Ritual, Ziyarat Imam Hussain (p)
9:00-9:30 Dinner
https://sites.mit.edu/zekrmit/
@zekrMIT
Forwarded from ZEKR, MIT Shia Muslim Association (Ahlulbayt Islamic Society)
Special Topic Lecture Series
🌐 Virtual, in English
Title: "Sunni Views on Imam Hussain (a.s.) Movement"
Speaker: Farhad Ghoddoussi (Bio)
Time: Sun-Tue, Aug 3-5, 2025, 8:30-10:00 pm ET
Lec1: Classical Period
Lec2: Contemporary Intellectuals
Lec3: Contemporary Clergies
Zoom Participation (virtual):
https://mit.zoom.us/j/92377466698
Meeting ID: 923 7746 6698
#Imam_Hussain_Movement_Sunni_Views
https://sites.mit.edu/zekrmit/
@zekrMIT
🌐 Virtual, in English
Title: "Sunni Views on Imam Hussain (a.s.) Movement"
Speaker: Farhad Ghoddoussi (Bio)
Time: Sun-Tue, Aug 3-5, 2025, 8:30-10:00 pm ET
Lec1: Classical Period
Lec2: Contemporary Intellectuals
Lec3: Contemporary Clergies
Zoom Participation (virtual):
https://mit.zoom.us/j/92377466698
Meeting ID: 923 7746 6698
#Imam_Hussain_Movement_Sunni_Views
https://sites.mit.edu/zekrmit/
@zekrMIT
Forwarded from ZEKR, MIT Shia Muslim Association (Ahlulbayt Islamic Society)
Special Event, Program for Arbaeen
Speaker: Dr. Sadik Kassim (Bio)
Lecture: "The Walk Never Ends: From Zaynab's Majlis to Zayn al-ʿĀbidīn's Duʿāʾ to Zohran's Megaphone"
Date
Friday August 8th, 2025
6:45 pm to 9:30 pm (Eastern Time)
Location
MIT Student Center, 3rd Floor, Twenty Chimneys, 84 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139
Schedule
6:45-6:55 Quran Recitation
6:55-7:00 Poem
7:00-8:00 Lecture and Q&A, in English
Maghrib: Prayer
8:35-9:00 Mourning Ritual, Ziyarat Imam Hussain (p)
9:00-9:30 Dinner
https://sites.mit.edu/zekrmit/
@zekrMIT
Speaker: Dr. Sadik Kassim (Bio)
Lecture: "The Walk Never Ends: From Zaynab's Majlis to Zayn al-ʿĀbidīn's Duʿāʾ to Zohran's Megaphone"
Date
Friday August 8th, 2025
6:45 pm to 9:30 pm (Eastern Time)
Location
MIT Student Center, 3rd Floor, Twenty Chimneys, 84 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139
Schedule
6:45-6:55 Quran Recitation
6:55-7:00 Poem
7:00-8:00 Lecture and Q&A, in English
Maghrib: Prayer
8:35-9:00 Mourning Ritual, Ziyarat Imam Hussain (p)
9:00-9:30 Dinner
https://sites.mit.edu/zekrmit/
@zekrMIT
ZEKR, MIT Shia Muslim Association
Special Event, Program for Arbaeen Speaker: Dr. Sadik Kassim (Bio) Lecture: "The Walk Never Ends: From Zaynab's Majlis to Zayn al-ʿĀbidīn's Duʿāʾ to Zohran's Megaphone" Date Friday August 8th, 2025 6:45 pm to 9:30 pm (Eastern Time) Location MIT Student…
Abstract:
Arbaeen is not just a physical pilgrimage — it’s an unfolding historical movement. Every generation walks differently:
-Some walk with speeches.
-Some walk with tears and duʿāʾ.
-Some walk with legislation and protest.
But they all walk.
This Friday's program will be dedicated to commemorating the upcoming occasion of Arbaeen, honoring the profound legacy of Imam Hussain (AS) and his companions
Arbaeen is not just a physical pilgrimage — it’s an unfolding historical movement. Every generation walks differently:
-Some walk with speeches.
-Some walk with tears and duʿāʾ.
-Some walk with legislation and protest.
But they all walk.
This Friday's program will be dedicated to commemorating the upcoming occasion of Arbaeen, honoring the profound legacy of Imam Hussain (AS) and his companions
Forwarded from ZEKR, MIT Shia Muslim Association (Ahlulbayt Islamic Society)