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applied mathematics 1

ከሰፈር ውጪ:
እስራኤላውያን እግዚአብሔር ከሰጣቸው የአምልኮ ስርዓት ውስጥ አንዱ ንጹሕ ያልሆነ ወይም የረከሰን ነገር ከሰፈራቸው ውጪ እንዲያስወጡ የሚያዝ ነበር:: በተለያዩ በሽታዎች የተጠቁ ሰዎች እስኪሻላቸው ድረስ ከሰፈር ውጪ እንዲቆዩ ይደረግ ነበር:: ይህ ብቻ ሳይሆን በዓመት አንድ ጊዜ ብቻ በሚደረገው የስርየት ቀን ላይ ሊቀ-ካህኑ ሁለት ፍየሎችን በማዘጋጀት የህዝቡን ሁሉ ኅጢአት ይናዘዝባቸዋል:: አንደኛውን በማረድ ደሙን ያፈሰዋል:: ሁሉተኛውን ደግሞ ወደ ምድረበዳ እንዲወሰድ ያደርገዋል:: ይህም እግዚአብሔር ኅጢአታችንን ከእኛ አርቆታል የሚለውን ለማመልከት ነው::

ልክ እንደዚሁ እግዚአብሔር ኅጢአታችንን በሙሉ በልጁ በኢየሱስ ላይ አኖረው:: እርሱም የግርፋት እና የስቅላት ፍርድ በተፈረደበት ዕለት: ህዝቡ ሁሉ እና ወታደሮቹ ከጲላጦስ ፊት አውጥተው የራስ ቅል ወደሚባለው ቀራኒዮ ጎልጎታ ከሰፈራቸው ውጪ ወሰዱት:: ዘላለማዊው ንጹህ እና ቅዱስ ጌታ እንደ ቆሻሻ እና ርኩስ ተቆጠረ:: የተረገመ ሰው በሚሰቀልበት እንጨት ላይ ሰቀሉት:: ይህንን ሁሉ ያደረገው ኅጢአታችንን ሊወስድልን እና የእርሱን ጽድቅ ሊሰጠን ነው::

ወደ ዕብራውያን 13:11-14

መከራን ወደተቀበለው፣ወደሚያድነው እና የዘላለም ህይወት ወደሚሰጠው ወደ ኢየሱስ ልትመጣ ትወዳለህ? ልንረዳህ በዚህ አለን። inbox አውሩኝ

ለክርስትና እምነት ተከታዮች መልካም የትንሣኤ በዓል

ጥያቄዎችን እየፈለግን ነው እባኮን ይጠብቁን....

Okay, let's learn how to fill in the blanks in passages with the correct active or passive verb form, explained in Amharic. We'll focus on understanding the concept and then looking at some examples.

Basics: Active and Passive Voice (መሰረታዊ: ቀጥታ እና ተዘዋዋሪ ድምፅ)

•  Active Voice (ቀጥታ ድምፅ): The subject performs the action. It's direct and clear. (ለምሳሌ: "ውሻው አጥንቱን በላ።" wushaw atintun bela - "The dog ate the bone.") In Amharic, the verb is conjugated to show who is doing the action.
•  Passive Voice (ተዘዋዋሪ ድምፅ): The subject receives the action. The doer of the action might be unknown or less important. (ለምሳሌ: "አጥንቱ በውሻው ተበላ።" atintuu bewushaw tebela - "The bone was eaten by the dog.") In Amharic, you'll often see the prefix "ተ" (te - or the at depending on the verb form ) on the verb, and "በ" (be) before the actor.

How to Choose: (እንዴት መምረጥ እንደሚቻል)

1. Read the Sentence Carefully (አረፍተ ነገሩን በጥንቃቄ ያንብቡ): Understand the meaning. Who or what is the subject of the sentence? What is the action?
2. Is the Subject Doing the Action? (ርዕሰ ጉዳዩ ድርጊቱን እየፈፀመ ነው?)
  •  Yes (አዎ): Use active voice. Conjugate the verb to match the subject.
  •  No (አይ): Use passive voice. The subject is receiving the action.
3. Who is Performing the Action? (ማን ነው ድርጊቱን የሚፈፅመው?)
  •  If the doer is important or known, use "በ" (be) + the actor after the verb.
  •  If the doer is unknown or unimportant, leave it out.

Key Words/Clues (ቁልፍ ቃላት/ፍንጮች):

•  Look for words like "by" (በ - be in Amharic) which often indicate passive voice.
•  Think about the emphasis. What part of the sentence are you trying to emphasize?

Example in Amharic (ምሳሌ በአማርኛ):

Let's say you have this:

"(ቤቱን/ (ሰራ) / (ተሰራ) / ባለሙያው)" (The house / (build) / (was built) / the professional)

We need to fill in the blank with the correct form of "to build" (መስራት - mesrat).

•  Analyzing (መተንተን): The sentence is talking about the house. Is the house doing the building, or is it being built? It's being built.
•  Who is building it? (ማን እየሰራው ነው?) The professional (ባለሙያው - balemuyaw) is building it.
•  Passive Voice is Needed (ተዘዋዋሪ ድምፅ ያስፈልጋል): We need the passive form of the verb.

The Correct Sentence (ትክክለኛው ዓረፍተ ነገር):

"ቤቱን ባለሙያው ተሰራ።" (betun balemuyaw tesera.) - "The house was built by the professional."
(or "ቤቱ ተሰራ" - betu tesera - "The house was built" - if we don't mention who built it).

More Amharic Examples (ተጨማሪ የአማርኛ ምሳሌዎች):

•  (አበባዎቹን / (ተከለ) / (ተከሉ) / ገበሬው): "(The flowers / (plant) / (were planted) / the farmer)" --> "አበባዎቹን ገበሬው ተከለ።" (ababochin geberew tekele.) - "The flowers were planted by the farmer." (Passive)

•  (ልጆቹ / (በሉ) / (ተበሉ) / ኬኩን): "(The children / (ate) / (were eaten) / the cake)" --> "ልጆቹ ኬኩን በሉ።" (lijochu kekun belu.) - "The children ate the cake." (Active)

Important Amharic Verb Conjugations for Passive:

The prefix "ተ" (te) or "አተ" (ate) is key. It's added to the verb stem.

•  መስራት (mesrat) - to do, to make: ተሰራ (tesera) - was made, was done
•  መብላት (meblat) - to eat: ተበላ (tebela) - was eaten
•  መጻፍ (metsaf) - to write: ተጻፈ (tetsafe) - was written
•  መክፈት (mekfet) - to open: ተከፈተ (te kefete) - was opened

Let's Practice (እንለማመድ):

Now, give me a sentence in English with a blank and the verb in brackets (active/passive). I will help you translate into Amharic and choose the correct verb form. For example:

"The letter ____ (deliver - active/passive) yesterday."

Okay, let's learn how to fill in the blanks in passages with active and passive voice in Amharic.  We'll break it down into steps, then practice with examples.

Understanding Active and Passive Voice in Amharic (መሠረታዊ ግንዛቤ)

•   Active Voice (ንቁ ድምፅ):  The subject performs the action. The structure is usually: Subject + Verb + Object (አድራጊ + ግስ + ተቀባይ).  The emphasis is on *who* is doing the action.

•   Passive Voice (ተገብሮ ድምፅ): The subject receives the action. The structure often involves auxiliary verbs like "ተ-" or "ተደረገ" (te- or tederege, meaning "was done" or "was happened to") combined with the verb. The emphasis is on *what* is being done, or the object being acted upon.  The person doing the action might not even be mentioned, or might be added later with "በ-" (be- which means "by").

Key Indicators (ቁልፍ ምልክቶች):

•   Active Voice:  Look for a clear subject performing an action.
•   Passive Voice:  Look for "ተ-" (te-) prefixes on verbs, or phrases like "ተደረገ" (tederege) "ተሠራ" (teserra - "was made/done"), or "ተጻፈ" (tetsefe - "was written").  Also, look for the preposition "በ-" (be-) followed by the person or thing doing the action (e.g., "በእኔ ተደረገ" - "was done by me").

Steps to Fill in the Blanks (ባዶ ቦታዎችን ለመሙላት ደረጃዎች):

1.  Read the Entire Passage Carefully (መላውን አንቀጽ በጥንቃቄ ያንብቡ): Understand the context.  What is the passage about? What is the overall tense (past, present, future)?

2.  Identify the Subject (አድራጊውን ይለዩ):  Who or what is performing the action (or having the action done to them)? This will guide you towards the correct voice.

3.  Determine the Correct Tense (ትክክለኛውን ጊዜ ይወስኑ): Is the action happening now (present), already happened (past), or will happen in the future? This will affect the verb conjugation.

4.  Decide on Active or Passive Voice (ንቁ ወይም ተገብሮ ድምፅ ይወስኑ):
    *   If the subject is *doing* the action, use the active voice.
    *   If the subject is *receiving* the action, use the passive voice.  Consider if the person performing the action is important or known. If not, passive is likely.

5.  Conjugate the Verb Correctly (ግሱን በትክክል ያጣምሩ): Make sure the verb agrees with the subject in number (singular or plural) and tense (past, present, future).

6.  Check for Grammatical Agreement (ሰዋሰዋዊ ስምምነትን ያረጋግጡ): Ensure all parts of the sentence agree (gender, number, etc.).

Examples (ምሳሌዎች):

Let's say you have a sentence with a blank in Amharic:

•   Example 1:
    "ትላንት ዳቦው  ___ (ተበላ)  "
    "Tulant dabow __ (tebela)"
    "(Yesterday the bread ___ (was eaten))"

    *   Analysis: The subject is "ዳቦው" (dabow - the bread).  The bread isn't *doing* anything; it's having something *done* to it. "ትላንት" (tulant) indicates past tense. Therefore, we need the passive voice in the past tense.  The verb given (ተበላ - tebela) means "was eaten" and is already in the past passive form.

    *   Answer: "ትላንት ዳቦው ተበላ" (Tulant dabow tebela - Yesterday the bread was eaten.)

•   Example 2:
    "ልጁ መጽሐፉን  ___ (አነበበ)።"
    "Liju metsehafuni __ (anebebe)."
    "(The boy the book ___ (read))"

    *   Analysis:  The subject is "ልጁ" (liju - the boy). The boy is *doing* something (reading). We need the active voice.  The sentence implies past tense. The verb given (አነበበ - anebebe) means "he read."
    *   Answer: "ልጁ መጽሐፉን አነበበ።" (Liju metsehafuni anebebe. - The boy read the book.)

•   Example 3:
      "ቤቱ  በሠራተኞች _ (ተሠራ)።"
      "Betu be seratengoch _ (teserra)."
      "(The house by the workers _ (was built))"

      *   Analysis: The subject is "ቤቱ" (betu - the house).  The house is having an action done to it. The phrase "በሠራተኞች" (be seratengoch - by the workers) further indicates passive voice. "ተሠራ" (teserra) is already in the passive past tense

, which fits perfectly.

      *   Answer: "ቤቱ በሠራተኞች ተሠራ።" (Betu be seratengoch teserra. - The house was built by the workers.)

Amharic Verb Conjugation (የአማርኛ ግስ ማጣመር):

Wachemo university english skill 2 mid exam