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📚General Psychology

📚Jimma University Final Exam

🎯Part I: True/False

1.True
2. False - According to Sigmund Freud, the ego is the conscious, rational part of personality.
3. False - The incentive theory of motivation suggests that the force behind human action is the desire to attain rewards or avoid punishments.
4.True
5. False - Information stored in long-term memory is not a replica of the environment but rather an abstract representation ፥ "not replica of the environment" ስንል የምናየው ወይም የምንሰማው ነገር "exact copy" አይደለም፥ ለምሳሌ ያየነውን ነገር ቀጥታ ወስዶ store አያደርግም፥ ለእሱ😁 በሚመቸው መንገድ፥ አቅልሎ፥ Summarize አድርጎ በራሱ representation ያስቀምጧል።
6.True
7. False - Paranoid personality disorder is characterized by suspicion and distrust of others, not detachment from social norms ፥ ይሄኛው የ "schizoid disorder" ነው።🙌
8. False - According to the James-Lange theory, physiological arousal precedes the experience of emotion.
9. True
10. False

🎯Part II: Matching

11. B. Denial - An outright refusal to admit what happened.
12. E. Projection - Ascribing one's own unacceptable feelings to others.
13. Regression - Reverting to earlier developmental behaviors.
14. F. Reaction formation - Exercising opposite feelings instead of real feelings.
15. I. Sublimation - Satisfying an impulse through a socially acceptable way.
16. H. Repression - Hiding unfavorable conditions out of conscious awareness.
17. C. Displacement - Satisfying an impulse by substituting a powerless being.
18. Rationalization - Providing social approval for one's maladaptive behavior.

🎯Part 3: Multiple Choice

19. C. Time serious ሳይሆን Time series ነበር😁 ያም ሆነ ይህ Time series (የነገሮቹ በተፈፀሙበት ጊዜ (ትክክለኛው Chronological ጊዜ) መቀመጥ እንዲሁም "bulk information" የዚያ መረጃ ስፋት የዚያን መረጃ መጀመሪያና መጨረሻ (serial position) ማስታወስ ውስጥ ድርሻ አለው።
20. A. One's biography - Episodic memory system stores personal experiences and events, such as one's biography.
21. C
22. B
23. A ፥ Extrinsic motivation involves engaging in an activity for external rewards or to avoid punishment, such as running a marathon to win a prize.
24. D. Approach-avoidance conflict - Dawit's conflict about whether to marry Aster due to conflicting factors (genuine behavior vs. religious affiliation) is an example of approach-avoidance conflict, where the individual is attracted to and repelled by the same goal፦ ይህ ማለትም ባህሪው እሱ እንዲያገባት ሲጎተጉተው (approach) ያላት የተለየ ሃይማኖት ደግሞ ያሳስቧል (avoidance)
25. C
26. D
27. A. Cannon-Bard theory - Roza's "simultaneous ፥ በአንድ ጊዜ ሁለቱ ማለትም አካላዊ ሁኔታና ስሜቷ በተመሳሳይ ጊዜ ሲመጣ ማለት ነው።" recognition of her physiological arousal and her feeling of nervousness aligns with the Cannon-Bard theory, which suggests that physiological arousal and emotional experience occur simultaneously.
28. C. Conditional positive regard - This refers to a situation where acceptance and love are contingent upon one's behavior (በሰውየው ባህሪ ላይ የተመሠረተ ምላሽ), as opposed to unconditional positive regard (ምክንያት የሚይዘው ምላሽ/ማበረታታት፣ ፍቅር )(option A), which is acceptance and love regardless of behavior.
29. B
30. A. Anxiety and neurotic behavior as a result of mismatch between real self and ideal self - This is not characteristic of self-actualizing tendency. Self-actualizing tendency is associated with congruence (ሁለቱ የሚስማሙበት🤝) between the real self and ideal self, possessing a positive self-concept, and showing affection and respect for all human beings (options B, C, and D).
31. D. Risky to self and others - Psychological disorder criteria include violation of socially accepted expectations, personal distress, and maladaptiveness, but not necessarily being risky to self and others.
32. B
33. A
34. D - Minor and inconstant worry - Generalized Anxiety Disorder is characterized by excessive and persistent worry about many topics, not minor and inconsistent worry.
35. D - Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is not categorized under personality disorders but is instead classified as an anxiety disorder.