An open-source framework for crypto apps

Invariant testing in smart contracts is about repeatedly trying out different combinations of actions to make sure the contract always follows its core rules, even in unusual or unexpected situations.

Formal verification is the systematic process of validating the correctness of a system against certain rigorous formal criteria. In this post, we analyze different techniques and tools.

A Follow Up to Noir's Hit Debut Alpha from 2022 Aztec: Ethereum encrypted. Read now!

The ultimate guide to every major zkEVM project's progress in 2023, comparing Polygon zkEVM, Scroll, Taiko, Immutable zkEVM, Linea, zkSync and StarkNet.

Mar 06, 2023 - Nils Amiet -

This is a sequel to Notes on Paxos post.
Similarly, the primarily goal here is for me to understand why the BFT consensus algorithm works in detail.
This might, or might not be useful for other people!
The Paxos article is a prerequisite, best to read that…

OpenZeppelin recently identified a critical vulnerability during an audit of Linea‘s PLONK verifier. At its core, the issue is similar in nature to some previously disclosed vulnerabilities (e.g., Frozen Heart, 00). The ‘Last Challenge’ vulnerability arises…

As we reach the end of 2023, we want to thank you for your readership this past year. Here's to a great start to 2024 and the year ahead in decentralized privacy-enhancing technologies and zero-knowledge systems research. Cheers! zkMesh is produced by

Learn everything you need to know to start programming in Solidity on Solana

We at Trail of Bits perform security reviews for a seemingly endless stream of applications that use zero-knowledge (ZK) proofs. While fast new arithmetization and folding libraries like Halo2, Plonky2, and Boojum are rapidly gaining adoption, Circom remains…

December 2023

Why is Axelar best positioned to capture value in a modular interoperability stack, and how can the Axelar Virtual Machine unlock an interchain future?

Master the art of crafting and testing robust invariants with Echidna — an essential guide for smart contract security.

Totally supercool and chilled VC investing in programmable assets, collaborative intelligence and other buzzwords.