Genetic breakdowns for a selection of East Slavic and Baltic speaking groups

right = c('Mbuti.DG',Russia_MA1_HG.SG','Turkey_Epipaleolithic','Belgium_UP_Magdalenian','Italy_Mesolithic.SG','Russia_Sidelkino_HG.SG','Georgia_Kotias.SG','Iran_TepeAbdulHosein_N.SG','Israel_Natufian','Serbia_IronGates_Mesolithic','Russia_Steppe_Eneolithic','Russia_ArgunRiver_M.SG','Russia_LenaRiver_MiddleN.SG')

Note - Groups labeled with * have Ethiopia_4500BP as the outgroup pop rather than Mbuti.DG

Genetic breakdowns for a selection of modern Northern Europeans

Includes an improved model for Estonians

Mediterranean/Balkans will be next

Massive Fixation index (Fst) chart I made for global populations for an upcoming video.

Fst is a measure of genetic similarity, with 0 being completely the same and 1 being completely distinct.

The most variation you'll see between Human populations is roughly 0.36, as observed in Mbutis and Karitiania people.

Genetic breakdowns for Bronze Age Greece 🇬🇷

New G25 calculator!

The Albanian ancestry calc:

https://justpaste.it/cward

Genetic breakdown for Pre-Ptolemaic Egyptian samples (n=2)

- Samples dated to ~2600ybp
- AW reconstruction dated to ~3600-3300ybp

Y-DNA: J1a, J2b
mtDNA: J1d, M1a1

right = c('Cameroon_SMA','Malawi_Hora_LSA_8500BP.SG','Morocco_Iberomaurusian','Turkey_Epipaleolithic','Israel_Natufian','Turkey_Boncuklu_N','Georgia_Kotias.SG','Iran_TepeAbdulHosein_N.SG','Turkey_N','Turkey_PPNA')

Addendum to my last post:

Although CHG is rejected for Veretye, Sidelkino, and Karelia HG, it seems like Samara HG had some clear CHG input. Which could explain why he gets higher Anatolian HG-related ancestry than the others

Genetic breakdowns for Mesolithic Europeans

right = c('Cameroon_SMA','ZlatyKun','BachoKiro_IUP','Russia_Kostenki14','China_Tianyuan','BK-1653','Goyet_Aurignacian','Russia_Sunghir.SG','Romania_PesteraMuierii_EUP','Russia_Yana_UP.SG','Russia_MA1_HG.SG','Israel_Natufian')

Genetic breakdown for the Early Viking Age Salme Ship Burial samples of Saaremaa, Estonia

Believed to have originated in the Mälaren region of Central Sweden, the Salme ship burial represents one of the earliest known instances of an attempted Viking raid. Most of the individuals aboard these ships appear to have died in battle, likely at the hands of the local Oeselians.

Y-DNA: I1a (x20), R1a (x7), N1c (x7)

right = c('Cameroon_SMA','Russia_Arkhangelsk_Veretye_Mesolithic.SG','Italy_Epigravettian_Tagliente','Russia_Samara_HG','Sweden_Motala_HG','Russia_Tyumen_HG','Turkey_N','Russia_Steppe_Eneolithic','Russia_Khvalynsk_Eneolithic','Russia_CentralYakutia_LN.SG','Russia_KolymaRiver_LN.SG','Russia_Samara_EBA_Yamnaya')

Estimating Neanderthal Admixture in Stone Age Populations

Keep in mind that I haven't done this before, so I may have gotten some things wrong. Overall, the results seem consistent with studies I've read on a few of these samples.

Here's my takeaway;

1. Some IUP samples have genuine extra Neanderthal admixture aside what they'd have from Crown Eurasian. Particularly, Oase 1 has been estimated in studies to have 6-9% Neanderthal admixture from a recent ancestor.

2. Paleolithic and Mesolithic Europeans without supposed "Basal Eurasian" admixture do have slightly more than Middle Eastern stone age populations that supposedly do. However, it doesn't seem like anything that significant. Sometimes the standard errors could have the values overlap when comparing two from either group. It's still possible that Proto-Aurignacians could've encountered some remnant Neanderthals and admixed with them on their way to Europe.

Overall, I still don't see why any of this needs to be explained by Basal Eurasian.