Genetic breakdowns for Mesolithic Europeans (samples from roughly 12-7kya)

G25 Bronze Age model for Central Asians

Tajiks DNA Breakdown.
Using Bronze Age calculator that i made, you can download it under the post.

Genetic distance to an early Sarmatian from northern Aktobe Region 🇰🇿

Sample date: ~2554 YBP
Y-DNA: R1a-Z93
mtDNA: U4a1

Kazakhstan_EarlySarmatian:I1153,0.113823,0.03859,0.032432,0.074936,-0.030467,0.029841,0.00047,-0.011999,-0.026384,-0.036994,-0.003085,0.005095,0.00223,-0.01913,0.016694,0.000133,-0.001043,-0.001647,0.004525,0.005002,-0.001996,0.006801,0.002342,-0.003735,-0.004311

Genetic distance to Iron Age Estonia 🇪🇪

Sample dates: ~2600-2100 YBP
Y-DNAs:
- R1a (M459, M417, CTS214, PF6162)
- N1c (CTS3103, Y4706, L550)
mtDNAs:
- H1, H6, H13, HV, I1, T1, T2, U5, W3

Estonia_IA.SG,0.1293788,0.1078153,0.0942803,0.0916243,0.0437517,0.0310032,0.0073245,0.0115377,0,-0.036903,0.0040057,-0.0140377,0.0236123,0.0133723,-0.0048182,0.0073808,0.0106695,-0.0030405,0.0033308,0.0138815,0.0050743,-0.001793,0.002198,-0.0104833,-0.0007585

Y-DNA shifts in the Eastern Baltic from the Mesolithic to the Iron Age

Genetic distance to a Ukrainian Scythian of mostly local ancestry 🇺🇦

Sample date: ~2560 YBP
Y-DNA: R1b-L2
mtDNA: J2b1a6

Ukraine_Scythian.SG:scy009_noUDG.SG,0.125205,0.147252,0.067882,0.060078,0.048317,0.017849,0.009165,0.009461,0.006954,-0.01057,-0.005684,-0.006294,0.008176,0.016102,0.002307,0.010607,0.005346,-0.002534,-0.003268,0.00075,0.002995,-0.00136,0.002835,-0.018918,0.002155

I’d like to clarify something regarding my last post. What I meant by ”of mostly local ancestry” is that the sample was not genetically Scythian. He likely represents a European population that was absorbed into Scythian culture when the Scythians migrated into Ukraine

Genetic breakdowns for a selection of modern Uralic-speaking groups

Genetic breakdowns for a selection of East Slavic and Baltic speaking groups

right = c('Mbuti.DG',Russia_MA1_HG.SG','Turkey_Epipaleolithic','Belgium_UP_Magdalenian','Italy_Mesolithic.SG','Russia_Sidelkino_HG.SG','Georgia_Kotias.SG','Iran_TepeAbdulHosein_N.SG','Israel_Natufian','Serbia_IronGates_Mesolithic','Russia_Steppe_Eneolithic','Russia_ArgunRiver_M.SG','Russia_LenaRiver_MiddleN.SG')

Note - Groups labeled with * have Ethiopia_4500BP as the outgroup pop rather than Mbuti.DG

Genetic breakdowns for a selection of modern Northern Europeans

Includes an improved model for Estonians

Mediterranean/Balkans will be next

Massive Fixation index (Fst) chart I made for global populations for an upcoming video.

Fst is a measure of genetic similarity, with 0 being completely the same and 1 being completely distinct.

The most variation you'll see between Human populations is roughly 0.36, as observed in Mbutis and Karitiania people.