Q.3

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1. *Discrete Shadows*: When light passes through a pinhole, it creates a discrete shadow on a screen, indicating that light is composed of tiny particles (photons) rather than being a continuous wave.

2. *Brownian Motion*: The random movement of particles suspended in a fluid (like pollen in water) demonstrates the collisions between visible particles and invisible molecules, supporting the idea that matter is composed of tiny particles.

3. *Crystal Formation*: The formation of crystals, with their repeating patterns and shapes, suggests that matter is built from tiny, indivisible particles (atoms or molecules) that arrange themselves in a regular structure.


Q4a
The area under a stress-strain curve represents the amount of energy per unit volume that a material can absorb before it undergoes permanent deformation or failure. This area is indicative of the material's toughness, which is the ability to absorb energy and deform plastically without breaking.

### Q4b
Two examples of projectiles in sports are:

1. Javelin: In javelin throw, the athlete propels a spear-like instrument (the javelin) through the air, and it follows a parabolic trajectory before landing.

2. Basketball: When a player shoots a basketball towards the hoop, the ball acts as a projectile, following a curved path due to the initial velocity and the force of gravity acting on it.

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Physics (Objective) actual papers.#WASSCE2024 🇬🇭
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Do not copy any objective solution you see online.

French (Essay) actual paper. #WASSCE2024🇬🇭

French (Objective) actual papers.#WASSCE2024 🇬🇭
Note: WASSCE objectives are now serialised based on each region.
Do not copy any objective solution you see online.

Elective ICT (Essay) actual papers. #WASSCE2024🇬🇭

Solutions 👇

Q.2 (a)

1. Phishing Scam
2. Ransomware Attack
3. Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) Attack

Q.2 (b)

i) Three measures required to prevent computer crime:

- Firewalls and Encryption: Installing firewalls and encryption technologies can help prevent unauthorized access to computer systems and data. Firewalls act as a barrier between the internal network and the external network, blocking malicious traffic. Encryption scrambles data to prevent unauthorized access.

- Regular Software Updates and Patches: Keeping software up-to-date with the latest security patches and updates is crucial to preventing computer crime. This helps to fix vulnerabilities and patch holes that cybercriminals can exploit.

- User Education and Awareness: Educating users about computer security best practices, such as strong passwords, safe browsing habits, and avoiding phishing scams, can help prevent computer crime. User awareness is critical in preventing social engineering attacks and other types of cybercrime.

ii) Four benefits of telesales:

- Cost-Effective: Telesales is often more cost-effective than traditional face-to-face sales methods, as it eliminates the need for travel and accommodation expenses.

- Increased Reach: Telesales allows sales teams to reach a wider audience, as they can contact customers and prospects across different locations and time zones.

- Improved Efficiency: Telesales enables sales teams to make more calls in a shorter period of time, increasing the chances of converting leads into customers.

- Data-Driven Insights: Telesales provides valuable insights into customer behavior and preferences, which can be used to refine sales strategies and improve customer engagement.

Q. 3 (a)

Asynchronous transmission is a method of transmitting data in a serial communication system where each character is transmitted independently, without any relationship between the start and stop bits of adjacent characters.

In asynchronous transmission, each character (also known as a byte or a symbol) is transmitted as a separate unit, with its own start bit, data bits, and stop bit(s). The start bit indicates the beginning of a new character, and the stop bit(s) indicate the end of the character. The data bits carry the actual information being transmitted.

Q.3 (b)

i) Database Server

A database server is a computer that manages and provides access to a database, which is a collection of organized data. A database server acts as an intermediary between the database and client applications that need to access or manipulate the data. Its primary function is to store, retrieve, and manage data in a structured and secure manner.

Some common types of databases served by a database server include:

Relational databases (e.g., MySQL, PostgreSQL)
NoSQL databases (e.g., MongoDB, Cassandra)
Graph databases (e.g., Neo4j)

ii) Print Server

A print server is a computer or device that manages and controls printing tasks across a network. It acts as a central hub for printing devices, allowing multiple devices to share the same printer or print queue.
Print servers can be software-based or hardware-based. Software-based print servers can run on a dedicated computer or as a virtual appliance, while hardware-based print servers are typically built into network devices such as routers or switches.

Some common features of print servers include:

Printer sharing and management
Print job scheduling and queuing
Secure printing with authentication and authorization
Support for various print protocols (e.g., LPR, IPP, SMB)

Q.4 (a)

i) Add 10 marks to the value in each cell:

You can use the following formula to add 10 to each cell:

= A1 + 10
= A2 + 10
= A3 + 10
= A4 + 10

Alternatively, you can use an array formula to apply the same calculation to all cells in the range A1:A4:

=A1:A4+10

Note: To enter an array formula, press Ctrl+Shift+Enter instead of just Enter when you finish typing the formula.

ii) Compute the average of the values in cells A1 to A4:

You can use the AVERAGE function to calculate the average:

=AVERAGE(A1:A4)

This will return the average of the values in cells A1 to A4.

Q.4 (b)

Step 1: Create the tables

- Create two or more tables in your Access database that you want to relate to each other.
- Ensure that each table has a unique identifier, such as an AutoNumber field or a Primary Key.

Step 2: Define the relationship

- Open the Relationships window by clicking on "Relationships" in the Database Tools group of the ribbon.
- Click on the "Add" button to add a new table to the Relationships window.
- Drag and drop the fields from one table to the corresponding fields in another table to create a relationship.
- You can also use the "Edit Relationships" button to create a new relationship or modify an existing one.

Step 3: Identify the primary key and foreign key

- Identify the primary key (PK) in one table, which is the field or set of fields that uniquely identifies each record.
- Identify the foreign key (FK) in another table, which is the field or set of fields that matches the primary key in the related table.

Step 4: Establish the relationship type

* Choose the relationship type:
- One-to-One (1:1): One record in one table matches one record in another table.
- One-to-Many (1:N): One record in one table matches multiple records in another table.
- Many-to-Many (M:N): Multiple records in one table match multiple records in another table.

Step 5: Define the join type

* Choose the join type:
- Inner Join: Only records that match both tables are included in the results.
- Left Join (or Left Outer Join): All records from the left table are included, and matching records from the right table are included if they exist.
- Right Join (or Right Outer Join): All records from the right table are included, and matching records from the left table are included if they exist.
- Full Outer Join: All records from both tables are included, with null values where there is no match.

Step 6: Set the relationship properties

* Set additional properties for the relationship, such as:
- Cascade Delete: Delete records in the related table when a record is deleted in the parent table.
- Cascade Update: Update records in the related table when a record is updated in the parent table.
- Restrict Delete: Prevent deletion of records in the parent table if there are related records in the child table.

Step 7: Save and test the relationship

- Save the changes to the relationship by clicking "OK" or "Apply" buttons.
- Test the relationship by running a query or using a form to retrieve data from both tables.

Q.4 (c)

When a user tries to create a relationship between two tables in MS Access, but the tables are not properly set up or have invalid relationships, the following error message may appear on the screen:

**"The relationship between the tables 'Table1' and 'Table2' cannot be established because one or more of the following conditions are not met:

- The primary key of the table does not exist or is not unique.
- The primary key is not defined as a primary key in the table properties.
- The foreign key in the related table does not match the primary key of the referenced table.

To establish a relationship, ensure that the primary key of the referencing table matches the foreign key in the related table. Also, ensure that the primary key is defined as a primary key in the table properties."

This error message is usually accompanied by an arrow symbol () indicating which tables and fields are involved in the attempted relationship.