#Mini_Grammar
📋 ​​Still | Yet

Ikkala so'z bir xil - "haliyam" degan ma'noni bildiradi. Lekin, ikkalasi boshqa-boshqa holatlarda ishlatiladi.

✅ O'tgan zamonda bo'layotgan hodisa hozir ham davom etayotganini bildirish uchun "still" so'zini ishlatamiz:
Misol:
It is still raining now - Hozir haliyam yomg'ir yog'yapdi.
I had a lot to eat but I'm still hungry - Men ko'p ovqat yedim, lekin men haliyam ochman.

Savol berishga misol:
Are you still a student - Siz haliyam talabamisiz?

✅ Xuddi shu ma'nodagi gaplarni inkor shaklida "yet" so'zini ishlatamiz. Bu so'z har doim gapning oxirida keladi.
Has it stopped raining yet - Yomg'ir haliyam to'xtamadimi?
It hasn't stopped raining yet - Yomg'ir haliyam to'xtamayapdi.
He hasn't gone yet - U haliyam ketmadi.

@VIMRishtan

Useful questions in English - foydali savollar

1. Get it? - tushundingmi?
2. What makes you so sure? - nega bunchalik ishonch bilan aytayapsan?
3. Are you nuts? - sen g'alatimasmisan?
4. How's that? - buni qanday tushuntirish mumkin?
5. How come, (that) ...? - qanday qilib .... bo'lyapdi?
6. What have I got to do? - Yana nima qila olshim mumkin edi?
7. What's the use of? - nega? / nima qizig'i bor?
8. What's the use of worrying? - havotirlanishning nima qizig'i bor?
9. Why worry him? - uni bezovta qilishning nima keragi bor?
10. What if I refuse? - Agar rad etsamchi?
11. Surely you can see that. - Nahotki buni tushunmayotgan bo'lsang?
12. Surely you saw them. - Nahotki ularni ko'rmagan bo'lsang?
13. What is it taking so long? - Nega bunchalik kech/uzoq ? / nima shunchalik ushlab qoldi?
14. What is going on (here)? (bu yerda) nima bo'lyapdi?
15. Are you kidding? – hazillashayapsanmi?
16. What makes you think (that) ...? - nega ... deb o'ylayapsan?
17. What makes you think I was there? - Nega meni u yersa bo'lgan deb o'ylayapsan?
18. Coming along? - kelayapsanmi?
19. —Let's go to the bar.
— ОК. Coming along, Tom? - kettik barga? — Mayli/ xop. Tom (biz bilan) borasanmi?
20. What remains to be done? - Boshqa yo'l yo'q/ yana nima ham qilishimiz mumkin?
21. Are you getting the picture? - Nima haqida gap ketayotganini / nimaga olib borishini tushunayapsanmi?
22. Make yourself clear. – Aniqroq gapiring.
23. So what? - Nima qilibdi? Xo'sh, nima bo'libdi (bo'pti)?
24. Can you be more specific? - yana ham aniqroq ayta olasizmi? / bu bilan nima demoqchisiz?
25. What is this all about? - nima gap?/ bu bilan nima demoqchisiz?
26. Who are they to judge us? - kim bo'lishibdiki, bizni tanqid qilsa
27. What gave you that idea? nega bunday o'ylayapsan?
28. No fooling? - rostdanmi? / aldamayapsanmi?
29. But supposing... what then? - Xo'p, shunaqa ham deylik,..., keyin nima bo'ladi?
30. The question now is ...? - savolim shuki ...?
31. So what's the hitch? - xo'sh baxonang nima?
32. What is your point? - nima demoqchisan/ Nima fikr bildira olasan?
33. Can you manage it? - eplay olasanmi?
34. Do you think I don't know what's been going on behind my back? - Orqamda nimalar bo'layotganini bilmaydi deb o'ylaysanmi?
35. What is it to you? - senga nima?
36. What's the hold-up? - ish nega ko'tarildi?
37. How long did you hold office? / How long have you held office? - qanchadan beri shu ishni boshqarib kelasiz?
38. Why not do smth. while we are about it? - birdaniga shu ishni ham bitirib olsakchi?
39. How do you account for doing smth.? - xatti-harakatingizni tushuntirib bera olasizmi?
40. How do you account for being late? - kech qolganingizni tushuntirib bera olasizmi?
41. How can you be sure? - nega buncha ishonch bilan aytayapsan/ nega o'zinga ishonyapsan?
42. Is that why / where / what / ...? - buning sababi ... ekanda / qayerga / nega/ ...?
43. Is that why they didn't invite us? - shuning uchun ham ular bizni taklif qilmaptida.
44. Is that where you were? - ha, bu yerda ekansizku?
45. Why is it ...? - nega bu ..,?
46. Are you out of your mind? - esing joyidami?

@VIMRishtan

So'zlashuv uchun: Lug'at
⚡️ Family – Oila

Do you have a family? – Oilangiz bormi?
What’s your name? – Ismingiz nima?
Are you married? – Uylanganmisiz (turmushga chiqqanmisiz)?
Are you single? – Siz bo’ydoqmisiz (turmushga chiqmaganmisiz)?
Do you have any children? – Bolalaringiz bormi?
I was born in 1965 – Men 1965 yilda tug’ilganman
I’m married – Men uylanganman (turmushga chiqqanman)
I’m... – Men...
-a bachelor – -bo’ydoqman
-a widow – bevaman
-a widevor – beva kishiman
I’m divorced – Men ajrashganman
I’m engaged – Men unashtirilganman
Our family is quite large (small) – Bizning oilamiz ancha katta (kichkina)
There are ... of us – Oilamizda ...kishi bor
I hae a father, a mother, a wife, a son and a daughter – Mening otam, onam, xotinim, o’g’lim va qizim bor
I have ... children – Mening... ta bolam bor
parents – ota ona
father – ota
mother – ona
sister – opa, singil
brother – aka, uka
son – o’g’il
daughter – qiz
grandfather – bobo
grandmother – buvi
granchildren – nabiralar
grandson – nabira(o’g’il)
granddaughter – nabira(qiz)
uncle – amaki, tog’a
aunt – xola, amma
nephew – jiyan
niece – jiyan(qiz)
bridegroom – kuyov
bride – kelin
husband – er
wife – xotin
to adopt – o’g’il qilib olmoq
adopted child – asrandi bola
aged – keksa
ancestor – ota-bobo, ajdod
baby – chaqaloq
birth – tug’ilish
to bring up – tarbiyalamoq
childhood – bolalik
domestic – oilaviy
first-born – to’ng’ich
generation – avlod
to give birth to – tug’moq
guardian – vasiy
heir – merosxo’r
heiress – merosxo’r
honeymoon – uylangandan keyingi birinchi oy(asal oyi)
host – uy egasi(sohib)
hostess – uy bekasi(sohiba)
orphan – yetim
pet – erka
relative – qarindosh
stepdaughter – o’gay qiz
stepson – o’gay o’g’il
stepfather – o’gay ota
stepmother – o’gay ona
twins – egizaklar
wedding – to’y

@VIMRishtan

​​#Text #Topic
🗣 Reading (o'qish) mahoratingizni oshiring
📃 Topic: My Last Summer Holidays

I always look forward to my summer holidays. In my opinion, there's nothing like the Russian countryside. We've got a small country house in a very picturesque place not far from Zagorsk. There's a river and a lake there. My friends and I often go swimming and boating there. I'm also fond of lying in the sun.
There's a lot of fish in the lake, so I sometimes go fishing. I like to sit in silence for a while waiting for a fish to get caught and listening to the birds singing in the trees. When I happen to catch a fish I set it free at once, because I do fishing just for pleasure.
When it's very hot I usually go to the forest. The air is cool there. I like to walk in the shade of the trees and pick mushrooms and berries. I've got a dog called Jack. He becomes so happy when I take him with me to the forest.
Jack likes to run after butterflies or dragonflies. I sometimes play with him. I throw a stick and he brings it back to me.
But last summer my parents decided to go to some other place for a change. They made up their minds to go to the Crimea. I think it was the greatest mistake they had ever made. This, in a nutshell, is what happened.
To begin with, it was very difficult to find a place to stay. We rented a room in a house a long way from the sea. It was the only place we managed to get. It took us about half an hour to get to the beach. But it didn't matter, as it turned out a few days later. Suddenly our happy sunny days were over. It started to rain. It occasionally cleared up for a while but then the rain went on again. All we could do was to spend all our time in the cinema or in a cafe. It was impossible to leave because we had made reservations beforehand and we had to spend another week there. I had never seen so many films in my life. By the end of the week I got very tired of the cinema and I could only lie on the bed reading books or staring at the ceiling.
At last the happy day of our departure came. You can't imagine how astonished we were. The sun began to shine early in the morning. It seemed to me that it was laughing at us.
After that holiday we decided to spend every summer in the country.

📋 Mavzuga oid ayrim so‘zlar lug‘ati
My opinion — mening fikrimcha
Countryside — qishloq, qishloq joy
picturesque — xushmanzara
River — daryo
Lake — ko‘l
Forest — o‘rmon
Shade — soya
Mushroom — qo‘ziqorin
Berries — (mayda) mevalar
Mistake — xato
departure — safar
astonished — hayratda qolgan
beforehand — oldindan
reservation — buyurtma qilingan joy
occasionally — ba'zan

👉 @VIMRishtan

Foydali grammatika
⚡️ Ingliz tilida zamonlarning yasalishi

1. The Present Simple Tense. (Oddiy hozirgi zamon)
Positive- S+V.
Negative- S+do(does)+not+V.
Questions- Do(does)+S+V?

I work.
I do not work
Do I work?

2. The Simple Past Tense. (Oddiy o’tgan zamon)
Positive- S+Ved.
Negative- S+did+not+V.
Questions- Did+S+V.

I worked.
I did not work.
Did I work?

3. The Future Simple Tense. (Oddiy kelasi zamon)
Positive- S+will(shall)+V.
Negative- S+will(shall)+not+V.
Questions- Will(shall)+S+V.

I will work.
I will not work.
Will I work?

4. The Simple Future in the Past Tense. (O’tgan zamondagi kelasi zamon)
Positive- S+would(should)+V.
Negative- S+would(should)+not+V.
Questions- Would(should)+S+V.

I would work.
I would not work.
Would I work?

5. The Present Continuous Tense. (Hozirgi davom zamon)
Positive- S+to be+Ving.
Negative- S+to be+not+Ving.
Questions- To be+S+Ving.

I am working.
I am not working.
Am I working?

6. The Past Continuous Tense. (O’tgan davom zamon)
Positive- S+was(were)+Ving.
Negative- S+was(were)+not+Ving.
Questions-Was(were)+S+Ving.

I was working.
I was not working.
Was I working?

7. The Future Continuous Tense. (Kelasi davom zamon)
Positive- S+will(shall)+be+Ving.
Negative- S+will(shall)+not+be+Ving.
Questions- Will(shall)+S+be+Ving.

8. The Future Continuous in the Past Tense. (O’tgan zamondagi kelasi davom zamon)
Positive- S+would(should)+be+Ving.
Negative- S+would(should)+not+Ving.
Questions-Would(should)+S+be+Ving.

9. The Present Perfect Tense. (Hozirgi tugallangan zamon)
Positive- S+have(has)+P.P.
Negative- S+have(has)+not+P.P.
Questions-Have(has)+S+P.P.

10. The Past Perfect Tense. (O’tgan tugallangan zamon)
Positive- S+had+P.P.
Negative- S+had+not+P.P.
Questions-Had+S+P.P.

11. The Future Perfect Tense. (Kelasi tugallangan zamon)
Positive- S+will(shall)+have+P.P.
Negative- S+will(shall)+not+have+P.P.
Questions-Will(shall)+S+have+P.P.

12. The Future Perfect in the Past Tense. (O’tgan zamondagi kelasi tugallangan zamon)
Positive- S+would(should)+have+P.P.
Negative- S+would(should)+not+have+P.P.
Questions-Would(should)+S+have+P.P.

13. The Present Perfect Continuous Tense. (Hozirgi tugallangan davom zamon)
Positive- S+have(has)+been+Ving.
Negative- S+have(has)+not+been+Ving.
Questions-Have(has)+S+been+Ving.

14. The Past Perfect Continuous Tense. (O’tgan tugallangan davom zamon)
Positive- S+had+been+Ving.
Negative- S+had+not+been+Ving.
Questions-Had+S+been+Ving.

15. The Future Perfect Continuous Tense. (Kelasi tugallangan davom zamon)
Positive- S+will(shall)+have+been+Ving.
Negative- S+will(shall)+not+have+been+Ving.
Questions- Will(shall)+S+have+been+Ving.

16. The Future Perfect Continuous in the Past Tense. (O’tgan zamondagi kelasi tugallangan davom zamon)
Positive- S+would(should)+have+been+Ving.
Negative- S+would(should)+not+have+been+Ving.
Questions-Would(should)+S+have+been+Ving.

👉 @VIMRishtan

Foydali grammatika
⚡️Gerunds

👉 Gerunds ham xuddi fe’lning noaniq shakli to + verb kabi ot vazifasini bajaradi. Lekin Gerund verb+ing bilan yasaladi.

Quyidagi misollarga e’tibor bering:

I like going to the beach. (“like”asosiy fe’l ; “going” gerund.)

Playing volleyball at the beach is fun. (“Playing” Gerund gap boshida ega vazifasida kelyapti.)

I like eating cold pizza. (“like” asosiy fe’l; “eating” gerund)

👉 Ba’zan talabalar Gerund bilan  davomli zamon fe’llarini adashtirib yuborishlari mumkin:

✅ I hate READING (gerund)

✅ I am READING (davomli zamon)

👆Ko’rib turganizdek har ikki gapning fe’liga -ing qo’shilgan, ularni ajratib olish uchun doim esda saqlang

Davomli zamon be fe’li bilan ishlatiladi, gerund esa ishlatilmaydi.

Quyidagi gaplarga qarang:

He thinks that learning English is important for his career.- U ingliz tilini o’rganishni martabasi uchun muhim deb o’ylaydi

This morning, they‘re meeting their friends at the airport.-Bugun ertalab Ular aeroportda do’stlari bilan uchrashyapti

Birinchi gapimizda – gerund (learning) ishtirok etyapti. Ikkinchi gapimizda esa davomli zamon kelyapti.
  
Misollar:

I like listening to the radio.
-Men radio tinglashni yoqtiraman

Playing in the snow is one of life’s greatest pleasures.

👉 Gerunds gap boshida ega vazifasida kelishi mumkin , bu uni yanada osonroq tushinishga yordam beradi.

Drinking coffee in the morning is one of my favorite things to do.
– Ertalab kofe ichish men bajaradigan eng sevimli ishlarimdan biridir.

👉 @VIMRishtan

#Mini_grammar

📋 "Excuse me" vs "I'm sorry"

✅ Excuse me - suhbatni xushmuomalalik bilan boshlash yoki kimningdir e'tiborini jalb qilish maqsadida ishlatiladi. Tarjimasi - ''ma'zur tutasiz, kechirasiz''.

Excuse me, could you tell me the time? - Ma'zur tutasiz, menga vaqtni aytib yubora olasizmi?

Excuse me, where is the shop? - Kechirasiz, do'kon qayerda?

✅ Sorry - siz qilgan biror bir ish uchun uzr so'rash.

I'm sorry I have broken your favourite cup. - Meni kechiring, sevimli chashkangizni sindirib qo'ydim.

I'm sorry to tell you the truth. - Sizga haqiqatni aytishdan afsusdaman.

✅ Excuse me and sorry o'zaro sinonim emas, ular bir birlarining o'rnida ishlatilmaydi.

✅ Excuse me - diqqatni jalb
qilish ma'nosida kelsa,
✅ Sorry - uzr, afsus, achinish ma'nosida keladi.

💮 @VIMRishtan

#Vocabulary
Muloqot uchun yangi iboralar to'plami

🚩Mavzu: Useful phrases

1. Catch me later — Keyinroq gaplashamiz

2. Clear the way! — Yo'lni bo'shating

3. Come back anytime — Xohlagan paytda yana tashrif buyuring

4. Come right in — Kirib o'ting

5. Could I call you later? — Keyinroq qo'ng'iroq qilsam maylimi?

6. Could I join you? — Sizga qo'shilsam bo'ladimi?

7. Don't push (me)! — Menga bunday gapirmang!

8. Enjoy your meal! — Yoqimli ishtaha

9. Guess what! — Nimaligini toping!

10. I doubt that. - Shubhalanayapman

11. I had a lovely time — Vaqtimni yaxshi o'tkazdim

12. I spoke too soon — O'ylamay gapirib yuboribman

13. Keep in touch. — Aloqada bo'lib turing

14. Leave it to me. - Buni menga qo'yib bering

15. Make it two. — Menga ham qo'shib oling (asosan kafelarda )

16. No can do. — Buni qila olmayman

17. No way! — Hech hamda!

18. Pull up a chair. — Bizga qo'shiling

💮 @VIMRishtan

​​#Text #Topic
🗣 Reading (o'qish) mahoratingizni oshiring
📃 Topic: My Winter Holidays

Winter holidays are shorter than summer ones. They begin at the end of December and last about two weeks. It is so nice to have a rest from school.
During winter holidays we celebrate the New Year’s Eve and Christmas. There are New Year parties for children at schools and theatres. Cinemas show children films and cartoons.
It is usually very cold in winter, but frost and snow can’t keep children indoors. It’s so great to go skiing down a hill. Boys like to play hockey on the ice. Many children go to the skating-rinks to skate. Small children play snowballs and make snowmen, or ride on the sledges happily.
When the weather is bad, I stay at home and watch TV. There is always something interesting on during winter holidays. Sometimes my friends come to see me and we play computer games or listen to music. There is also more time for reading, drawing, making model planes and other hobbies.
Holidays pass quickly and soon it’s time to go to school again.

📋 Mavzuga oid ayrim so‘zlar lug‘ati
During — mobaynida
Hill — tepalik
Sledge — bolalar chanasi
Ice — muz
Skate — konki; rolik
Indoors — ichkarida, ichkariga
Ride — minmoq
Stay — qolmoq
Drawing — chizish
Pass — o‘tmoq

👉 @VIMRishtan