Subject: Environment

Source: https://www.iucn.org/sites/default/files/2023-04/2021-iucn-ssc-invasive-species-sg-report_publication.pdf

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Solution: 2 and 3 are correct.

1. Lion-tailed Macaque is diurnal, meaning it is active exclusively in daylight hours.

2. https://www.conservationindia.org/articles/the-elusive-malabar-civet

3. https://animalia.bio/sambar?custom_list=571

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Subject: Environment

Source: https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.ade1702

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Solution: Statement 1 is correct:

(https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4320875/#:~:text=Mushrooms%20act%20as%20antibacterial%2C%20immune,are%20found%20as%20dietary%20supplements.)

Statement 2 is correct: Species of the genera Conocybe, Gymnopilus, Panaeolus, Pluteus, Psilocybe, and Stropharia have psychoactive properties.

(https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16401965/#:~:text=These%20%22magic%22%2C%20psychoactive%20fungi,similar%20to%20lysergic%20acid%20diethylamide.)

Statement 3 is correct: Some mushrooms have insecticidal properties.

(https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/0031942295007733)

Statement 4 is correct: Certain mushrooms release a glow of cold light due to a chemical reaction between oxyluciferin molecules, an enzyme called luciferase, and oxygen

(https://www.forbes.com/sites/linhanhcat/2019/10/08/mushrooms-glow-in-the-dark/?sh=5d5a12234e70)

Solution:

Statement 1 is correct: Indian squirrels live in tropical dry forests, rainforests, mangrove forests, grasslands, scrub, parks, gardens, and urban areas. They live in a system of burrows that they use for shelter and storage.

Statement 2 is correct: They store their food materials like nuts and seeds in the ground. Squirrels hide nuts this way as preparation for cold weather.

Statement 3 is correct: Indian squirrels feed on nuts and fruits but will also eat seeds, insects, small mammals and reptiles, eggs, and sometimes chicks of birds.

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Solution:

Statement 1 is correct: Thermophiles are microorganisms that can grow in high-temperature environments. Some thermophiles can grow in temperatures as high as 113°C (Boiling Point of water is 100°C). Eg. Pyrococcus furiosus

(https://theconversation.com/microbes-in-extreme-heat-and-cold-hold-lessons-about-life-on-earth-and-beyond-60208)

Statement 2 is correct: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC92138/

Statement 3 is correct: Acidophiles are microorganisms that show optimal growth in highly acidic environments. These are of two types. The extreme acidophiles dwell in environments with a pH value <3, and moderate acidophiles grow optimally in conditions having pH values ranging between 3 and 5.

(https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/immunology-and-microbiology/acidophile#:~:text=3%20Acidophiles,ranging%20between%203%20and%205.)

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Solution: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DjXM5TR3hn4

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Solution: Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) are greenhouse gases (GHGs) commonly used in a wide variety of applications, including refrigeration, air-conditioning (AC), building insulation, foam agents, and aerosols with minor uses as solvents and for fire protection.

(https://www.epa.gov/snap/reducing-hydrofluorocarbon-hfc-use-and-emissions-federal-sector-through-snap)

HFCs are also used in Lubricants (https://www.osti.gov/biblio/215711)

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