✅Stablecoins: Stablecoin is a type of cryptocurrency designed to maintain a stable value relative to a specific asset, such as the US dollar, a commodity like gold, or a basket of assets. Examples: Tether (USDT), USD Coin (USDC), and PayPal USD (PYUSD) are pegged 1:1 to the US dollar (a fiat currency).
✅Volatilecoins: The volatile cryptocurrencies are not pegged with any fiat currency so they tend to fluctuate a lot based on the market condition and speculation. Examples: Bitcoins or Ethereum.
✅Memecoins: These are also volatile crypto. These are cryptocurrencies based on internet jokes or social media trends, often with limited utility and high speculation. Examples: Dogecoin (DOGE) and Shiba Inu (SHIB).
✳️Note - The Digital Rupee (e₹) is not a cryptocurrency. It is a digital form of physical currency.
✅Volatilecoins: The volatile cryptocurrencies are not pegged with any fiat currency so they tend to fluctuate a lot based on the market condition and speculation. Examples: Bitcoins or Ethereum.
✅Memecoins: These are also volatile crypto. These are cryptocurrencies based on internet jokes or social media trends, often with limited utility and high speculation. Examples: Dogecoin (DOGE) and Shiba Inu (SHIB).
✳️Note - The Digital Rupee (e₹) is not a cryptocurrency. It is a digital form of physical currency.
🚩Two new Wetlands added [Total 98 Wetlands]
1. Patna Bird Sanctuary in UP (small lake)
2. Chhari-Dhand in Gujrat ( seasonal lake)
🚩Wetlands are declared under Convention on Wetlands, Ramsar 1972 ( India joined in 1982?)
🚩"Wise use Doctrine" - underscores maintaining ecological character of wetland while allowing for Sustainable uses
🚩Wetlands are better carbon sink than any of the forest or ocean in terms of density. [ Ocean is still the biggest carbon sink in terms of total carbon.
[COMMENT ANY INCORRECT INFORMATION]
1. Patna Bird Sanctuary in UP (small lake)
2. Chhari-Dhand in Gujrat ( seasonal lake)
🚩Wetlands are declared under Convention on Wetlands, Ramsar 1972 ( India joined in 1982?)
🚩"Wise use Doctrine" - underscores maintaining ecological character of wetland while allowing for Sustainable uses
🚩Wetlands are better carbon sink than any of the forest or ocean in terms of density. [ Ocean is still the biggest carbon sink in terms of total carbon.
[COMMENT ANY INCORRECT INFORMATION]
World Wetlands Day 2026: Chilika Red Rice Boosts Food Security in India's First Ramsar Site https://share.google/ETi2dbdQREYLPyvEy
Down To Earth
World Wetlands Day 2026: Promoting Chilika red rice can help enhance food and livelihood security around India’s first Ramsar Site
The Chilika red rice grows in the wetlands around the Chilika Lake in Odisha. Locally known as bankia or bankei, the rice is flood-tolerant and helps marginalis
🚩The Chilika lake of India was the first Ramsar site (year?)
🚩The Chilika red rice grows in the wetlands around the Chilika Lake in Odisha. Locally known as bankia or bankei.
🚩The rice is flood-tolerant and helps marginalised local farmers make a living.
🚩The Chilika red rice grows in the wetlands around the Chilika Lake in Odisha. Locally known as bankia or bankei.
🚩The rice is flood-tolerant and helps marginalised local farmers make a living.
What is Montreux Record?
The Montreux Record is a register of wetland of international importance under the Ramdar Convention, 1971, that are facimg or likely to face ecological challenge or threats as a result of technological developments, pollution or other human interference.
🚩The list is maintained as part of the Ramsar List.
🚩This is not a black list but a warning list that brings attention to the problem.
🚩Recovering from threat removes the site from the list.
🚩Currently two Indian sites are in the list
1. Keoladeo NP (Raj) [1990]
2. Loktak Lake (Manipur) [1993]
🚩The third site was Chilika lake which was revoved from the list in 2002 because it recovered from the threats it was facing.
The Montreux Record is a register of wetland of international importance under the Ramdar Convention, 1971, that are facimg or likely to face ecological challenge or threats as a result of technological developments, pollution or other human interference.
🚩The list is maintained as part of the Ramsar List.
🚩This is not a black list but a warning list that brings attention to the problem.
🚩Recovering from threat removes the site from the list.
🚩Currently two Indian sites are in the list
1. Keoladeo NP (Raj) [1990]
2. Loktak Lake (Manipur) [1993]
🚩The third site was Chilika lake which was revoved from the list in 2002 because it recovered from the threats it was facing.
❤1
UPSC in bits
Look at this graph carefully. What do you see? India wasn't bad in comaprison to others at independence( certainly indian economy was bad in absolute term). Then why india fell behind others? Can you see the era of License Raj and impact of LPG reforms.…
This post is not important for UPSC pre but still give understanding about India's economic standing among other countries.
What is E-Kuber platform? [Very Important] [ Just know the function. Don't delve in the details]
❤1
UPSC in bits
What is E-Kuber platform? [Very Important] [ Just know the function. Don't delve in the details]
🚩E-Kuber is the Core Banking Solution (CBS) platform of the Reserve Bank of India (RBI), launched in 2012. This is a government debt market platform managed by RBI which keeps track of gvt transactions.
🚩It acts as a central hub for managing accounts, facilitating government security auctions, and handling Treasury operations.
🚩It acts as a central hub for managing accounts, facilitating government security auctions, and handling Treasury operations.
🚩The Vaikom Satyagraha (1924-25) was the first Organised agitation against untouchability and caste based discrimimation in India.
🚩It was only partially successful, i.e. temple entry did not get permission and only 3 out of 4 public roads were opened.
🚩Later in 1934, K Kellapan (known as Gandhi of Kerala) launched another agitation called Guruvayur Satyagraha. It was more dramatic and resulted in Temple Entry Proclamation of 1936.
🚩It was only partially successful, i.e. temple entry did not get permission and only 3 out of 4 public roads were opened.
🚩Later in 1934, K Kellapan (known as Gandhi of Kerala) launched another agitation called Guruvayur Satyagraha. It was more dramatic and resulted in Temple Entry Proclamation of 1936.
🚩Do the fold mountains have volcanoes?
🚩What about Himalayan Mountains. Is there any volcanic activity?
🚩What about Himalayan Mountains. Is there any volcanic activity?
UPSC in bits
🚩Do the fold mountains have volcanoes? 🚩What about Himalayan Mountains. Is there any volcanic activity?
🚩Fold moumtains are not exceptions. The Andes and the Cascades have volcanoes. (Find names?)
🚩The Himalaya and the Alps do not have active volcanoes. [ Mt Etna and Vesuvius in Italy are part of the Appenies not the Alps]
🚩As a general rule if fold moumtain is the result of continent-continent conversion then there wont be volcanoes and if continent-oceanic qith subduction zone then there will be volcanoes.
[Distribution of volcano is important for pre 2026]
🚩The Himalaya and the Alps do not have active volcanoes. [ Mt Etna and Vesuvius in Italy are part of the Appenies not the Alps]
🚩As a general rule if fold moumtain is the result of continent-continent conversion then there wont be volcanoes and if continent-oceanic qith subduction zone then there will be volcanoes.
[Distribution of volcano is important for pre 2026]
The Indian courts are among the most non transparent and undemocratic institution. They function as clique in the name of independence. You can not criticise them and if you complained about any of them then there is no way of knowing what happened to your complains. Independence has become their shield and accountability of judiciary is defined in judiciary themselves. Infact as it apeear laws do not apply to them and the courts are not court of law but court of judges. They are law adjudicating officers, hand and mouth of law not law themselves. However they bear title of 'justice' which is clearly colonial remanant of ingratiation and agrandisment with no justifiable meaning.
We see change everywhere, police, administration, politics, industry and overall society, but courts are so rigid to change that they have refused improvement consistently due to false belief rquating indepence with islolation.
We see change everywhere, police, administration, politics, industry and overall society, but courts are so rigid to change that they have refused improvement consistently due to false belief rquating indepence with islolation.
🚩Sabha (mentioned 8 times in Rigveda) - Mostly Judicial in nature- rarely women were alllowed (Sabhavati)
🚩Samiti ( 9 times) - Mostly Political, Elected Kings, Oversaw General Tribal business- more participation of women than Sabha.
🚩Vidatha ( 122 times) - Religiou, economic and military affairs - Women attended frequently.
Early Rigvedic period was more egalitarian as vedic people were tribal. The villages [A village here means a collection of settlements wich included several villages] were ruled Gramini Above which were Ragyan (Raja=King). In egalitarian and tribal society women generally have more rights than advanced society. This is why with time place of women deteriorated throughout times after rigvedic period. The most harm was done to women was in Gupta period [ As you can see that Ashoka sent aborad as envoy not only his son Mahendra but also his doughter Sanghamitra].
Further great harm was done to women in Medieval chaotic era.
It is only in the modern times that the improvement started, especially after Industrial revolution. The social work of many people has been instrumental but the real hero of women cause is economic necessity of modern Industrialised society and spread of education as well as intellectual deabate and inquiry into the state of our soceity.
🚩Samiti ( 9 times) - Mostly Political, Elected Kings, Oversaw General Tribal business- more participation of women than Sabha.
🚩Vidatha ( 122 times) - Religiou, economic and military affairs - Women attended frequently.
Early Rigvedic period was more egalitarian as vedic people were tribal. The villages [A village here means a collection of settlements wich included several villages] were ruled Gramini Above which were Ragyan (Raja=King). In egalitarian and tribal society women generally have more rights than advanced society. This is why with time place of women deteriorated throughout times after rigvedic period. The most harm was done to women was in Gupta period [ As you can see that Ashoka sent aborad as envoy not only his son Mahendra but also his doughter Sanghamitra].
Further great harm was done to women in Medieval chaotic era.
It is only in the modern times that the improvement started, especially after Industrial revolution. The social work of many people has been instrumental but the real hero of women cause is economic necessity of modern Industrialised society and spread of education as well as intellectual deabate and inquiry into the state of our soceity.
❤1
👉👉Nagarhole TR in Karnataka
+Bandipur TR in Karnataka
+ Wayanad TR ( Tholpetty+Muthanaga) in Kerala
+Mudumalayi TR is Tamil Nadu-----forms one contiguous tiger territory where tiger move freely. This also forms the core area of The Nilgiri Biosphere Reserves. This contiguous area has the largest number of Tigers in the world.
+Bandipur TR in Karnataka
+ Wayanad TR ( Tholpetty+Muthanaga) in Kerala
+Mudumalayi TR is Tamil Nadu-----forms one contiguous tiger territory where tiger move freely. This also forms the core area of The Nilgiri Biosphere Reserves. This contiguous area has the largest number of Tigers in the world.