The Sixth Schedule of the Indian Constitution is the primary legal anchor for this news. It provides for the administration of tribal areas in Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura, and Mizoram (AMTM).
Article 244(2) & 275(1): These articles empower the creation of Autonomous District Councils (ADCs) to protect tribal culture, land, and customs.
• Self-Governance: Unlike the Fifth Schedule (which is more advisory), the Sixth Schedule grants ADCs significant legislative, executive, and judicial powers.
• The Governor’s Role: He has the power to include/exclude areas, create new districts, or even dissolve the council. However, for any law or amendment passed by the ADC (like the one in the article) to become valid, the Governor's assent is mandatory.
2. Institutional Structure & Rules
The article mentions a "long-pending demand" and a "historic amendment" regarding membership rules.
• Composition of GHADC: Typically consists of 30 members.
• 26 are elected via adult franchise.
• 4 are nominated by the Governor.

✅ War in Gulf raises concern over helium supplies, critical for MRI machines.
🛑 Helium, a colourless, odourless, gas, is a non-renewable resource that is rare on Earth. Commercially, helium is produced by extracting it from natural gas by a process of cryogenic distillation. Qatar is the world's third largest exporter of natural gas after the United States and Russia.

•816-member Lok Sabha: Here's the break-up

📌A war lesson: The road to energy security runs on electricity.
📊 Strategic autonomy and security demand that we accel-
erate our energy transition away from imported oil and gas.

❇️ Why India must step on the gas with ethanol

🔰Why India must step on the gas with ethanol

✳️ Long delays, burdened courts: We need a national mission for negotiated justice

✅ The Concept of Plea Bargaining
• Definition: A negotiated settlement where the accused takes responsibility for the crime, usually in exchange for a lighter sentence or lesser charges.
• Legal Basis in India: Introduced via a 2005 amendment to the Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC) — now covered under the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita (BNSS).
🔲 • The Global Contrast:
• USA: 90–95% of criminal cases are settled through plea bargaining.
• India: Less than 1% of cases utilize this mechanism.
• Trial Share: In India, ~99% of cases are aimed at full trials, leading to disposal speeds spanning 3–10+ years.
## 3. Why Plea Bargaining is Underutilized in India
• Procedural Hesitation: Lack of a clear national protocol and institutional incentives.
• Mindset Gap: A prevailing cultural belief that negotiated settlements are "unfair" or room for extortion, rather than a tactical legal decision.
• Institutional Readiness: Lack of understanding and training among prosecutors, defense lawyers, and litigants.
• Lack of Awareness: Litigants often view entering a plea bargain as an admission of defeat rather than an efficient resolution.
🔲 ## 4. Proposed Solution: "Sahmati Samadhan Nyaya Mission"
The author proposes a National Mission for Negotiated Justice with the following components:
• Training & Institutionalization: Prosecutors must be trained to negotiate "open plea deals" that protect public interest while ensuring timely settlement.
• Judicial Encouragement: Judges should use judicial discretion to encourage early settlement negotiations before trials commence.
• Victim-Centric Approach: Recognising that victims often prefer quick resolution and confession over decades of traumatic litigation.
• Reform in Legal Fees: Changing the way lawyers are paid to incentivize settlement rather than prolonged litigation.
#Judiciary #Judicial reform

⏺️ Do protections for SCs carry over with conversion? What law says?