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International criminal court

🔆The 16 Mahajanapadas

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✅️Godavari River System
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✅️Early Associations

🌾 India’s Food Subsidy and Crop Production: Key Highlights

📊 Food Subsidy Trends (2017–2024)
✅ 2017-18: ₹1,00,000 crore
✅ 2018-19: ₹1,20,000 crore
✅ 2019-20: ₹1,50,000 crore
✅2020-21:₹6,00,000 crore(Peak)
✅ 2021-22: ₹2,50,000 crore
✅ 2022-23: ₹3,00,000 crore
✅ 2023-24: ₹2,50,000 crore


🌾 State-Wise Leading Crop Producers
✅ Food Grains: Uttar Pradesh > Madhya Pradesh > Punjab
✅ Millets: Rajasthan > Karnataka > Madhya Pradesh
✅ Pulses: Madhya Pradesh > Maharashtra > Rajasthan
✅ Oilseeds: Rajasthan > Madhya Pradesh > Gujarat

🌱 Major Crops Overview

🌾 Rice
✅ Global Producers: China > India
✅ Leading States: Telangana > Uttar Pradesh > West Bengal
✅ Temperature: 21–37°C
✅ Rainfall: 100 cm+

🌾 Wheat
✅ Global Producers: China > India
✅ Leading States: Uttar Pradesh > Madhya Pradesh > Punjab
✅ Temperature: 10–25°C
✅ Rainfall: 50–75 cm

🌽 Maize
✅ Global Producers: USA
✅ Leading States: Karnataka > Bihar > Madhya Pradesh
✅ Temperature: 21–27°C
✅ Rainfall: 50–100 cm

🌾 Sugarcane
✅ Global Producers: Brazil > India
✅ Leading States: Uttar Pradesh > Maharashtra > Karnataka
✅ Temperature: 21–27°C
✅ Rainfall: 75–100 cm

🌿 Tea
✅ Global Producers: China > India > Kenya
✅ Leading States: Assam > West Bengal > Tamil Nadu
✅ Temperature: 20–30°C
✅ Rainfall: 150–300 cm

☕️ Coffee
✅ Global Producers: Brazil
✅ Leading States: Karnataka > Kerala > Tamil Nadu
✅ Temperature: 15–28°C

🌾 Cotton
✅ Global Producers: China > India > USA
✅ Leading States: Gujarat > Maharashtra > Telangana
✅ Temperature: 21–27°C
✅ Rainfall: 50–100 cm

🌱 Other Important Crops

🌿 Groundnut
✅ Global Producers: China > India
✅ Leading States: Gujarat > Rajasthan > Madhya Pradesh

🌻 Sunflower
✅ Global Producers: Ukraine
✅ Leading States: Karnataka > Haryana > Odisha

🌾 Rapeseed and Mustard: NEPAL
✅ Leading States: Rajasthan > Uttar Pradesh > Madhya Pradesh

🌾 Jute and Mesta
✅ Global Producers: India > Bangladesh
✅ Leading States: West Bengal > Bihar > Assam

🌱 Rubber
✅ Global Producers: Thailand > Indonesia > India
✅ Leading States: Kerala > Tripura > Karnataka
✅ Temperature: 25°C+
✅ Rainfall: 200 cm+

#AGRICULTURE

✅ Major Lakes In India 🇮🇳

1. Freshwater Lakes

Wular Lake (Jammu & Kashmir) – Largest freshwater lake in India

Dal Lake (Jammu & Kashmir) – Famous for houseboats and tourism

Loktak Lake (Manipur) – Known for Phumdis (floating vegetation) and Keibul Lamjao National Park (home to Sangai deer)

Nainital Lake (Uttarakhand) – A natural freshwater lake in the Kumaon region

Bhimtal Lake (Uttarakhand) – Largest lake in the Kumaon region

Barapani Lake / Umiam Lake (Meghalaya) – A popular artificial lake near Shillong

2. Saltwater / Brackish Water Lakes

Chilika Lake (Odisha) – Largest coastal lagoon in India; famous for migratory birds

Pulicat Lake (Andhra Pradesh-Tamil Nadu) – Second-largest brackish water lagoon in India

Sambhar Lake (Rajasthan) – Largest inland saltwater lake in India; important for salt production

3. Artificial / Man-Made Lakes

Gobind Sagar Lake (Himachal Pradesh) – Formed by Bhakra Dam on the Sutlej River

Rana Pratap Sagar Lake (Rajasthan) – Formed by a dam on the Chambal River

Hussain Sagar Lake (Telangana) – Built by Ibrahim Quli Qutb Shah, connects Hyderabad and Secunderabad

Dhebar Lake / Jaisamand Lake (Rajasthan) – Asia’s second-largest artificial lake

4. Crater and Tectonic Lakes

Lonar Lake (Maharashtra) – Formed due to a meteorite impact

Tso Moriri (Ladakh) – A high-altitude lake formed by tectonic activity

5. High-Altitude Lakes

Pangong Lake (Ladakh) – Partly in India and partly in China

Tso Kar (Ladakh) – A salt lake in the Changthang region

6. Important Wetlands (Ramsar Sites)

Kolleru Lake (Andhra Pradesh) – Important for migratory birds

Vembanad Lake (Kerala) – Largest lake in Kerala, famous for the Nehru Trophy Boat Race

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Facts About Solar System

UPPSC 2025 Complete Notification
Seats -200
10 - Assistant Conservator of Forest
Application starts- 20 Feb 2025 ( Today)
Last Date- 24 March 2025
Prelims Exam- 12th October 2025

RAS Pre 2024 Result Out

Cut off RAS Pre 2024

Indian Major Folk Dances

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