🦑 Ever wondered how VPN tunneling works? 🌐

This infographic breaks down the process, step by step, showing how data remains secure and private during transit. A VPN tunnel encrypts your data, ensuring that even if intercepted, it stays protected from unauthorized access. 🚀

🔘 Here are some key points:

✅ A VPN creates a secure pathway between your device and a server.
✅ Encryption protocols like OpenVPN, IPsec, and WireGuard safeguard your data.
✅ The process ensures privacy while you browse, stream, or work online.

🔒 How Does VPN Tunneling Work? 🌐

Let’s dive into the step-by-step process of how a VPN ensures secure and private communication over the internet:

1️⃣ User Initiates a Request:
The process begins when a user takes an action, such as browsing a website or accessing an app. This request originates from their device.

2️⃣ Request Encryption:
The VPN software installed on the user’s device encrypts the request using a secure encryption protocol (like OpenVPN, IPsec, or WireGuard). This ensures the data is unreadable to anyone intercepting it.

3️⃣ Data Travels Through the VPN Tunnel:
The encrypted data is then transmitted securely over the internet through the VPN tunnel, safeguarding it from threats during transit.

4️⃣ Server Decrypts the Data:
The VPN server decrypts the incoming data and forwards the user’s request to the target destination (e.g., a web server).

5️⃣ Web Server Processes the Request:
The web server receives the request, processes it, and prepares a response (e.g., delivering a webpage or data).

6️⃣ Response Encryption & Delivery:
The VPN server encrypts the response from the web server and sends it back through the secure VPN tunnel. The user’s VPN client decrypts the data, displaying the secure and private result on their device.

🔘 By following these steps, VPNs ensure data privacy, integrity, and security throughout the communication process.


Ref: Fadi Kazdar
@UndercodeCommunity
▁ ▂ ▄ U𝕟𝔻Ⓔ𝐫Ć𝔬𝓓ⓔ ▄ ▂ ▁

🦑 The potential of the LLM landscape

Have you ever wondered about the threats lurking beneath the surface? This high-level threat-mapping table exposes how LLM features intersect with risks, and the findings are eye-opening.

This table can be one of your LLM Risk guidance. From LLM-based
Controller to Tool Invocation, what are the potential threats? And which one affects you?

Ref: Elli Shlomo (IR)Elli Shlomo (IR)
@UndercodeCommunity
▁ ▂ ▄ U𝕟𝔻Ⓔ𝐫Ć𝔬𝓓ⓔ ▄ ▂ ▁

🦑Free AI Ethical Hacking :

> Get: https://github.com/berylliumsec/nebula

> Tutorial: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=188QnOcXEAI

AI-SOC. Security Copilot & Tier 3.

In the realm of SOCs, Tier 3 analysts are the vanguard against sophisticated cyber threats, engaging in advanced threat hunting, in-depth incident analysis, and developing strategic defense mechanisms. Security Copilot enhances these critical functions by providing AI-driven insights and automation, thereby amplifying the capabilities of Tier 3 SOC operations.

While most organizations provide the Security Copilot as a "prompt tool" for all the various security teams, the idea is totally something else. The benefits from it will be to prepare it with features such as Prompt Book, Automation, etc.

I'm working with Security Copilot to complete the Radiant Security AI part and provide a complete AI-SOC flow for all tier levels.

Below are some of the benefits of Security Copilot:

1️⃣ Advanced Threat Hunting: Security Copilot proactively empowers Tier 3 analysts to identify and neutralize emerging threats. Analysts can unearth hidden threats and understand complex attack vectors more effectively by leveraging AI-generated queries and comprehensive threat intelligence.

2️⃣ In-Depth Incident Analysis: For incidents, Security Copilot offers detailed summaries, including attack timelines, affected assets, and indicators of compromise. This contextual information enables Tier 3 analysts to dissect incidents thoroughly, understand attacker methodologies, and devise robust mitigation strategies.

3️⃣ Script and File Analysis: Security Copilot simplifies the analysis of suspicious scripts and executables by translating code into natural language explanations. This feature allows Tier 3 analysts to quickly comprehend malicious code behavior and identify associated tactics, techniques, and procedures, streamlining the reverse-engineering process.

4️⃣ Config drift analysis: Security Copilot identifies deviations in Conditional Access policies or cloud security misconfig that attackers could exploit.

5️⃣ Behavioral anomaly detection: Detects and flags unusual access behaviors tied to privileged identities, enabling swift adjustments to access controls.

Security Copilot doesn’t just assist Tier 3—it elevates them:

> Reduced time-to-detect through automated alert correlation.
> Enhanced contextual awareness with AI-driven insights that unify identity, endpoint, and cloud signals.
> Precision actions are driven by deep integration with security tools.

💡 AI isn’t replacing analysts—it’s augmenting their expertise.

Ref: Elli Shlomo
@UndercodeCommunity
▁ ▂ ▄ U𝕟𝔻Ⓔ𝐫Ć𝔬𝓓ⓔ ▄ ▂ ▁

🦑 Enhancing SOC Capabilities Through Heatmaps and Tools

In today’s evolving threat landscape, prioritizing prevention and detection capabilities in your Security Operations Center (SOC) is critical.

🌟 Tools and frameworks like MaGMA, DETT&CT, DEFEND and RE&CT not only provide structure but also enable organizations to align their detection strategies with frameworks like MITRE ATT&CK. By leveraging these, SOC teams can prioritize detection development through a combination of heatmaps, threat modeling, and targeted use-case frameworks, ensuring a systematic and risk-driven approach to addressing critical gaps.

The approach should focus on a structured methodology:
1️⃣ Threat Insights: Understanding the techniques and tactics adversaries employ.
2️⃣ Control Insights: Evaluating existing security controls and aligning them with detection priorities.
3️⃣ Data Sources: Identifying visibility gaps in data collection.
4️⃣ Detection Capabilities: Analyzing current rule sets and detection effectiveness.

By comparing target detection (what you need) with current detection (what you have), the framework uses heatmaps to visually represent gaps, helping to focus resources on the most impactful areas.

💡 Key Takeaways:
• You don’t need to do everything all at once. Start by enhancing current capabilities and gradually refine your profile to align with your organization’s unique risks.
• Each incremental step adds more detail, making your defenses more risk-driven, cost-effective, and tailored to your needs.

This method empowers SOC teams to adopt a proactive, scalable approach to security operations. Check out the visuals below to understand how insights and tools combine to bridge detection gaps.

Ref: Ryan N.Ryan N.
@UndercodeCommunity
▁ ▂ ▄ U𝕟𝔻Ⓔ𝐫Ć𝔬𝓓ⓔ ▄ ▂ ▁

🦑New Free Practice🛡️ CEHv12, ☁️ CCSP, and 🔐 SSCP 💥

Ready to elevate your certification prep? These fully simulated and timed practice exams will help strengthen your skills and boost your confidence under real exam conditions! 💯

🛡️ Certified Ethical Hacker (CEHv12)

With 1,000+ unique questions across 8 practice exams, this set will challenge you and ensure you’re ready for the CEHv12.
• CEHv12 Practice Exam 1: https://lnkd.in/dVeQUwiw
• CEHv12 Practice Exam 2: https://lnkd.in/d5ShM5AZ
• CEHv12 Practice Exam 3: https://lnkd.in/da8nkDn5
• CEHv12 Practice Exam 4: https://lnkd.in/dbPbn4x8
• CEHv12 Practice Exam 5: https://lnkd.in/ddsQ6DnM
• CEHv12 Practice Exam 6: https://lnkd.in/dVHf_TjH
• CEHv12 Practice Exam 7: https://lnkd.in/dST4u_MX
• CEHv12 Practice Exam 8: https://lnkd.in/d9Nue9QP

☁️ Certified Cloud Security Professional (CCSP)

Challenge yourself with 1,000+ exam-level questions. Complete these, and you’ll be fully prepared for the CCSP exam!
• ISC2 CCSP Practice Exam 1: https://lnkd.in/dekjyfPa
• ISC2 CCSP Practice Exam 2: https://lnkd.in/dy5bp8FP
• ISC2 CCSP Practice Exam 3: https://lnkd.in/d_3txHnb
• ISC2 CCSP Practice Exam 4: https://lnkd.in/dRbCYydv
• ISC2 CCSP Practice Exam 5: https://lnkd.in/ddXJZMfZ
• ISC2 CCSP Practice Exam 6: https://lnkd.in/ddv4aJ6M
• ISC2 CCSP Practice Exam 7: https://lnkd.in/dJ_4KcuJ
• ISC2 CCSP Practice Exam 8: https://lnkd.in/dAv2x-Ef

🔐 Systems Security Certified Practitioner (SSCP)

Test your knowledge and strengthen your understanding of all SSCP domains with these practice exams.
• SSCP Practice Exam 1: https://lnkd.in/dUKdvsxD
• SSCP Practice Exam 2: https://lnkd.in/dvXAzPtH
• SSCP Practice Exam 3: https://lnkd.in/deJQCyzA
• SSCP Practice Exam 4: https://lnkd.in/dGcumayJ
• SSCP Practice Exam 5: https://lnkd.in/ddfSty77
• SSCP Practice Exam 6: https://lnkd.in/dqeDi6jJ
• SSCP Practice Exam 7: https://lnkd.in/drWV3DHg
• SSCP Practice Exam 8: https://lnkd.in/diCvQMUS

Additional Practice Exams You Might Be Interested In:

• Security+ SY0-701: https://lnkd.in/dc7NTdvd
• CISSP: https://lnkd.in/dK4YNCM2
• ISC2 CC: https://certpreps.com/CC
• CISM: https://lnkd.in/d9x3_Djr
• CISA: https://lnkd.in/d-8BccxW
• AWS CLF-C02: https://lnkd.in/dHd_Nxgi
• Azure Fundamentals (AZ-900): https://lnkd.in/d4Zm9r-N
• CYSA+: https://lnkd.in/dfcGKsPt
• CCNA: https://certpreps.com/ccna
• A+: https://lnkd.in/dWDV5prF

Ref: Mohamad Hamadi
@UndercodeCommunity
▁ ▂ ▄ U𝕟𝔻Ⓔ𝐫Ć𝔬𝓓ⓔ ▄ ▂ ▁

🦑𝐏𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐬𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐆𝐖𝐓-𝐑𝐏𝐂 𝐀𝐩𝐩𝐬 👇

Recently I had the "honor" to pentest an app using GWT-RPC requests

GWT-RPC stands for Google Web Toolkit Remote Procedure Calls

You can think about it as an alternative to JSON, XML and forms data

So if you see something like the image below, you are dealing with GWT-RPC

----
H𝐨𝐰 𝐝𝐨 𝐰𝐞 𝐩𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐬𝐭 𝐢𝐭?

1. 𝐇𝐢𝐝𝐝𝐞𝐧 𝐅𝐮𝐧𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬 -> using the GWTMap tool, enumerate all functions available in the obfuscated {hex} . cache . js file. If you have new functions, use the --rpc flag and send direct commands to them as there's a high chance that they are not protected

2. 𝐁𝐫𝐨𝐤𝐞𝐧 𝐀𝐜𝐜𝐞𝐬𝐬 𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐨𝐥 -> chances are developers would assume the protocol is too complicated and hard to read (i.e: it uses some obfuscation). Using two different accounts, replay the requests generated by the app using both session cookies. If it works -> Broken Access Control

3. 𝐈𝐧𝐣𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 -> all values that look like user controlled data in the String Table and Payload sections can (and should) be fuzzed for common injections attacks, including SQLi, command injection, SSRF, SSTI, etc. but avoid changing the indexes as this might generate an invalid GWT-RCP format

4. 𝐒𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐚𝐥𝐢𝐳𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 - the String Table + Payloads are used together to define and serialize the data provided through the request. Insecure deserialization attacks are an attack vector worth considering

Ref: Andrei Agape
@UndercodeCommunity
▁ ▂ ▄ U𝕟𝔻Ⓔ𝐫Ć𝔬𝓓ⓔ ▄ ▂ ▁

🦑How do you secure remote access in ICS/OT?

Here are 5 tips on how to allow remote access AND secure it.

As much as possible.

1. Multifactor Authentication

This one goes without saying. While MFA isn't a silver bullet...

It vastly decreases the chance an unauthorized party can establish a VPN connection without a valid second factor.

2. On-demand Access

Besides MFA, this is my favorite.

Always assume that any VPN user's system could be compromised.

-> Your vendors.
-> Your employees.
-> Your other third parties.

Once compromised, do you want an attacker having 24x7x365 access into your ICS/OT network?

Of course not.

Limit VPN access to only the time windows in which access is required.

Have the outside parties schedule or call when access is required.

Many say that this is burdensome and too much overhead.

Which I can understand.

You'll have to weigh the advantages and disadvantages for your environment.

For me, I always push for on-demand access to greatly reduce the risk.

3. Implement Harden Jump Hosts

Require remote parties to login to a jump host before accessing ICS/OT resources.

There could even be multiple jump hosts for them to authenticate to.

For these jump hosts, ensure that each system is hardened.

Also ensure that the host's network connectivity is limited to only the IP addresses and ports that are necessary.

4. Monitor for Suspicious Activity

No security solution is perfect.

A VPN can become compromised.

Attackers can gain access to your network.

For when they do, it's important to be watching.

95% of ICS/OT networks don't perform network security monitoring.

This doesn't mean you shouldn't.

Watching your network activity. Your host activity.

All for signs of compromise.

Which brings us to...

5. Record and Monitor Jump Host Activity

This one isn't high on many lists.

But if you have the resources, watch in real-time what remote parties are doing on jump hosts.

Ensure all activity looks legitimate.

And if something looks suspicious, take action!

Thanks for checking out the list!

P.S. Do you know someone with unsecured remote access?


Ref: Mike HolcombMike Holcomb
@UndercodeCommunity
▁ ▂ ▄ U𝕟𝔻Ⓔ𝐫Ć𝔬𝓓ⓔ ▄ ▂ ▁

Getting RCE via Worst Fit 🤦

If you watched the Black Hat talk from Orange Tsai and Splitline last week in London, you might have found yourself shocked to see that a code snippet like the one below can lead to RCE.

Why can this be hacked? 🤔

Well, because you can inject double quotes... But can you? Not really, because 'subprocess.run()' would handle them securely. What you can do instead though is inject the odd fullwidth quotation mark: ＂

This shouldn't be a problem because surely shells wouldn't interpret this, right?

Wrong. Since Windows historically stores a lot of things, like cmdlines, environment variables, etc., in both ANSI and UTF-16, we run into a problem... How can you represent a value in ANSI if that value doesn't actually exist in the character set?

Meet "Best Fit". Which converts certain UTF-16 characters to similar-looking ANSI characters (such as converting a ∞ to an 8. Or converting a ¥ to a backslash. Or converting a ＂to a normal double quote).

This means that you can pwn this code snippet by injecting something like:

＂ --use-askpass=calc ＂

This pops calculator.

If you want to play around a bit with this, you may want to check out this PoC that I've created: https://lnkd.in/dBgeFscq

Also, you may want to check out https://worst[.]fit/ which tracks a list of Windows binaries vulnerable to this attack.

The worst part? Microsoft says this isn't a Windows vulnerability while open-source library maintainers say it is. So who is gonna fix it? 🤷‍♂️

Ref: Florian Walter
@UndercodeCommunity
▁ ▂ ▄ U𝕟𝔻Ⓔ𝐫Ć𝔬𝓓ⓔ ▄ ▂ ▁

🦑 𝟏𝟎 𝐁𝐥𝐮𝐞 𝐓𝐞𝐚𝐦 𝐓𝐫𝐚𝐢𝐧𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐅𝐑𝐄𝐄 𝐂𝐨𝐮𝐫𝐬𝐞𝐬

1- Cybersecurity for Students: lnkd.in/g4YmXP9J
2- SOC Fundamentals: lnkd.in/gVfUGNR3
3- Phishing Email Analysis: lnkd.in/giQWrn3a
4- Detecting Web Attacks: lnkd.in/gUTFXRzM
5- Malware Traffic Analysis with Wireshark: lnkd.in/g5Ze-iwU
6- Linux for Blue Team: lnkd.in/gvpWMdea
7-Building a Malware Analysis Lab: lnkd.in/gGXunp4q
8-📊 Splunk for SOC: lnkd.in/gkZMam_n
9-🔐 Introduction to Cryptology: lnkd.in/g3jbE84W
10-💼 Job Hunting: lnkd.in/g9MeH9P7

Ref: Mohamed Hamdi
@UndercodeCommunity
▁ ▂ ▄ U𝕟𝔻Ⓔ𝐫Ć𝔬𝓓ⓔ ▄ ▂ ▁