What operating system does your AirPods run?
Sounds like a weird question.
Until you realize you have the equivalent processing power of an iPhone 4 in each ear.🙈
Bluetooth audio SoCs are seldom talked about, but a fascinating field.
AirPods specifically run RTKit, a Real-time Operating System targeting small ARM chips, written mostly in C++.
Small Real-time os(s) are often used in audio devices and peripherals, as the slightest hiccup in scheduling would be immediately (aka audibly) obvious. Timings are extremely tight.
Much of the public knowledge about RTKit comes from the Asahi Linux project.
RTKit firmware is actually bundled into iOS updates; a simple extraction of the firmware will show numerous .im4p files (which are really just packed Mach-O).
Sounds like a weird question.
Until you realize you have the equivalent processing power of an iPhone 4 in each ear.🙈
Bluetooth audio SoCs are seldom talked about, but a fascinating field.
AirPods specifically run RTKit, a Real-time Operating System targeting small ARM chips, written mostly in C++.
Small Real-time os(s) are often used in audio devices and peripherals, as the slightest hiccup in scheduling would be immediately (aka audibly) obvious. Timings are extremely tight.
Much of the public knowledge about RTKit comes from the Asahi Linux project.
RTKit firmware is actually bundled into iOS updates; a simple extraction of the firmware will show numerous .im4p files (which are really just packed Mach-O).
Enable Security Defaults in Microsoft Entra ID:
1. Sign in to Microsoft Entra admin center
2. Expand Identity
3. Select Overview
4. Click on Properties
5. Select Manage security defaults
6. Set Security defaults to Enabled
7.Click Save
Note: If your organization uses Conditional Access policies, you are prevented from enabling Security Defaults. You can use Conditional Access to configure custom policies that enable the same behavior 1 as those provided by Security Defaults.
1. Sign in to Microsoft Entra admin center
2. Expand Identity
3. Select Overview
4. Click on Properties
5. Select Manage security defaults
6. Set Security defaults to Enabled
7.Click Save
Note: If your organization uses Conditional Access policies, you are prevented from enabling Security Defaults. You can use Conditional Access to configure custom policies that enable the same behavior 1 as those provided by Security Defaults.
Ethical Hacking in 15 Hours - 2023 Edition
By The Owner of TCM Security:
https://youtu.be/3FNYvj2U0HM?list=PLLKT__MCUeixqHJ1TRqrHsEd6_EdEvo47
By The Owner of TCM Security:
https://youtu.be/3FNYvj2U0HM?list=PLLKT__MCUeixqHJ1TRqrHsEd6_EdEvo47
YouTube
Ethical Hacking in 15 Hours - 2023 Edition - Learn to Hack! (Part 1)
0:00 - Introduction/whoami
6:43 - A Day in the Life of an Ethical Hacker
27:44 - Effective Notekeeping
34:27 - Important Tools
39:51 - Networking Refresher: Introduction
41:06 - IP Addresses
54:18 - MAC Addresses
57:35 - TCP, UDP, & the Three-Way Handshake…
6:43 - A Day in the Life of an Ethical Hacker
27:44 - Effective Notekeeping
34:27 - Important Tools
39:51 - Networking Refresher: Introduction
41:06 - IP Addresses
54:18 - MAC Addresses
57:35 - TCP, UDP, & the Three-Way Handshake…
🦑Biggest collections of free cybersecurity resources, here are some top options:
1. Exploit Databases
Exploit-DB: A massive archive of public exploits and software vulnerabilities.
Packet Storm Security: Exploits, tools, and advisories.
0day.today: Exploits and security-related content (registration may be required).
2. Cybersecurity News and CVE Updates
Undercode: Dedicated to cybersecurity, hacking, and tech news.
DailyCVE: A curated resource for the latest CVEs and vulnerability information.
3. Open Source Intelligence (OSINT) Tools
OSINT Framework: A curated collection of OSINT tools and resources.
Maltego Community Edition: OSINT and link analysis software.
4. Cybersecurity Learning Platforms
Hack The Box: Free labs for ethical hacking and pentesting (community edition).
TryHackMe: Interactive hacking and cybersecurity challenges with many free rooms.
OverTheWire: Linux and cybersecurity wargames.
5. Malware and Threat Analysis
VirusShare: Massive collection of malware samples for researchers.
Hybrid Analysis: Free malware analysis service.
ANY.RUN: Free interactive sandbox for analyzing malware.
6. Cybersecurity Tools and Frameworks
Kali Linux: Penetration testing operating system with a large collection of pre-installed tools.
Parrot Security OS: Another Linux distribution for security and privacy.
Metasploit: Penetration testing framework with free options.
7. Online Libraries and Knowledge Bases
MITRE ATT&CK: Knowledge base of adversary tactics and techniques.
CVE Details: Comprehensive vulnerability database.
CyberChef: Cybersecurity and encryption toolkit.
8. Forums and Communities
Reddit: r/cybersecurity: Discussions, resources, and updates.
BleepingComputer: Forums and guides for malware removal and security.
9. Threat Intelligence Platforms
AlienVault OTX: Free threat-sharing platform.
Cisco Talos Intelligence: Free threat intelligence resources.
1. Exploit Databases
Exploit-DB: A massive archive of public exploits and software vulnerabilities.
Packet Storm Security: Exploits, tools, and advisories.
0day.today: Exploits and security-related content (registration may be required).
2. Cybersecurity News and CVE Updates
Undercode: Dedicated to cybersecurity, hacking, and tech news.
DailyCVE: A curated resource for the latest CVEs and vulnerability information.
3. Open Source Intelligence (OSINT) Tools
OSINT Framework: A curated collection of OSINT tools and resources.
Maltego Community Edition: OSINT and link analysis software.
4. Cybersecurity Learning Platforms
Hack The Box: Free labs for ethical hacking and pentesting (community edition).
TryHackMe: Interactive hacking and cybersecurity challenges with many free rooms.
OverTheWire: Linux and cybersecurity wargames.
5. Malware and Threat Analysis
VirusShare: Massive collection of malware samples for researchers.
Hybrid Analysis: Free malware analysis service.
ANY.RUN: Free interactive sandbox for analyzing malware.
6. Cybersecurity Tools and Frameworks
Kali Linux: Penetration testing operating system with a large collection of pre-installed tools.
Parrot Security OS: Another Linux distribution for security and privacy.
Metasploit: Penetration testing framework with free options.
7. Online Libraries and Knowledge Bases
MITRE ATT&CK: Knowledge base of adversary tactics and techniques.
CVE Details: Comprehensive vulnerability database.
CyberChef: Cybersecurity and encryption toolkit.
8. Forums and Communities
Reddit: r/cybersecurity: Discussions, resources, and updates.
BleepingComputer: Forums and guides for malware removal and security.
9. Threat Intelligence Platforms
AlienVault OTX: Free threat-sharing platform.
Cisco Talos Intelligence: Free threat intelligence resources.
Exploit-Db
OffSec’s Exploit Database Archive
The Exploit Database - Exploits, Shellcode, 0days, Remote Exploits, Local Exploits, Web Apps, Vulnerability Reports, Security Articles, Tutorials and more.
itsourcecode Banking Management System admin_class.php username sql injection cve
https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.269168
https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.269168
🦑Free Limited, Summarised Hacking Videos
https://www.udemy.com/tutorial/microsoft-security-fundamentals/honeypots/
https://www.udemy.com/tutorial/the-complete-ceh-exam-prep-course-become-an-ethical-hacker/most-powerful-hacking-tool-on-the-internet-today/
https://www.udemy.com/tutorial/penetration-testing/basic-terminology-such-as-white-hat-grey-hat-and-black-hat-hacking/
https://www.udemy.com/course/spring-boot-tutorial-for-beginners/?couponCode=BFCPSALE24
https://www.udemy.com/tutorial/real-world-ethical-hacking/overview-what-is-ethical-hacking/
https://www.udemy.com/tutorial/learn-python-and-ethical-hacking-from-scratch/how-to-bypass-https/
https://www.udemy.com/tutorial/hands-on-complete-penetration-testing-and-ethical-hacking/foca-fingerprinting-organisations-with-collected-archives/
https://www.udemy.com/tutorial/ethical-hacking-with-metasploit-exploit-post-exploit/win8-add-vmware/
https://www.udemy.com/tutorial/operating-systems-from-scratch-part1/introduction-to-computer-systems/
https://www.udemy.com/tutorial/the-complete-nmap-ethical-hacking-course-network-security/what-is-nmap/
https://www.udemy.com/tutorial/the-absolute-beginners-guide-to-information-cyber-security/the-trinity-of-it-security-cia/
https://www.udemy.com/tutorial/network-infrastructure-hacking/introduction-to-ethical-hacking-footprinting-and-reconnaissance/
https://www.udemy.com/tutorial/microsoft-security-fundamentals/honeypots/
https://www.udemy.com/tutorial/the-complete-ceh-exam-prep-course-become-an-ethical-hacker/most-powerful-hacking-tool-on-the-internet-today/
https://www.udemy.com/tutorial/penetration-testing/basic-terminology-such-as-white-hat-grey-hat-and-black-hat-hacking/
https://www.udemy.com/course/spring-boot-tutorial-for-beginners/?couponCode=BFCPSALE24
https://www.udemy.com/tutorial/real-world-ethical-hacking/overview-what-is-ethical-hacking/
https://www.udemy.com/tutorial/learn-python-and-ethical-hacking-from-scratch/how-to-bypass-https/
https://www.udemy.com/tutorial/hands-on-complete-penetration-testing-and-ethical-hacking/foca-fingerprinting-organisations-with-collected-archives/
https://www.udemy.com/tutorial/ethical-hacking-with-metasploit-exploit-post-exploit/win8-add-vmware/
https://www.udemy.com/tutorial/operating-systems-from-scratch-part1/introduction-to-computer-systems/
https://www.udemy.com/tutorial/the-complete-nmap-ethical-hacking-course-network-security/what-is-nmap/
https://www.udemy.com/tutorial/the-absolute-beginners-guide-to-information-cyber-security/the-trinity-of-it-security-cia/
https://www.udemy.com/tutorial/network-infrastructure-hacking/introduction-to-ethical-hacking-footprinting-and-reconnaissance/
Udemy
What is a Honeypot | Free Video Tutorial | Udemy
Learn the Fundamentals of Information Security for the Windows Operating System | Learn from instructors on any topic
2024 list, Receive sms online/ Virtual Phone Numbers:
1.textrapp.com
2.quackr.io (Good for Gmail/Google)
3.https://anonymsms.com/
4. https://receive-smss.live/ (May work for Telegram account, depends on the number)
5.https://smsreceivefree.com/
6.https://tempsmss.com/
7.https://www.receivesms.co/
8.https://sms24.me
9.https://receive-smss.com/
10.https://freephonenum.com/
11.https://smsget.net (Only Russian numbers)
12.https://mytempsms.com/
Remember that free websites might be a little risky if you want to verify a personal account or a financial account because the sms received to that simcard is public to everyone.
Paid websites
1. https://smspinverify.com/ (They offer cheap prices for Google Voice ($0.78) and have multiple options for this service. Moreover, they have simcards from US, UK, Canada, India, Russia and more than 50 countries and accept Binance Pay, Cryptocurrency, Visa/MasterCard and other payment methods less popular. Works great for the most popular services and it is very cheap. Their API is basic but works good. 10/10.)
2. https://majorphones.com/ (They have a new beta version and offer high quality numbers of USA/UK only. They accept Amazon Pay (VISA/MasterCard)/cryptocurrency/Binance Pay/PerfectMoney/Payeer and others. Moreover, they are now offering long-term numbers, more commonly known as rental numbers, for 7/15/30 days, depending on the country (USA/UK). Their API is only available if you request it to their customer support, so I couldn't test it. 10/10.)
3. https://verifywithsms.com/ (They offer only short-term numbers from USA and UK, the prices are a little high but works good and they accept only cryptocurrency. Don't have an API. 8/10.)
4. https://www.textverified.com/ (They offer only short and long term numbers from USA, most numbers work good but they are expensive. Plus, they accept VISA/Mastercard and crypto only. Very good API, robust. 7.5/10.)
5. https://5sim.net/ (They offer very very cheap numbers (+$0.1) but have poor quality, a lot of numbers are reused but eventually work. Worst is nothing. They accept VISA/Mastercard, cryptocurrency, what's great is that they offer +176 countries. API with some errors and doesn't have some functionalities 6/10.)
6. https://www.smscodes.io/ (They offer 0.5$ of bonus when you sign up and the prices go from 0.1$, they support voice verification (BIG DEAL), the problem is with the payment methods: cryptocurrency and other less known payment methods, the numbers have regular quality but works for most services. 9/10.)
7. smspva.com (They offer a lot of companies but this service in particular is too bad, in some cases they do not give a refund for numbers that dont work, most numbers are reused and for long-term numbers you must wait +30 min to activate the number, in conclusion this service is very very bad, not recommended. 3/10.)
8. Non-Voip.com (they offer USA & UK numbers with good quality at a cheap price. Their API sucks and customer support may be a little slow, I used it mostly for Telegram accounts. Bad API, you can't cancel a number and get a refund. 5/10.
Source: blackhatworld Forum
1.textrapp.com
2.quackr.io (Good for Gmail/Google)
3.https://anonymsms.com/
4. https://receive-smss.live/ (May work for Telegram account, depends on the number)
5.https://smsreceivefree.com/
6.https://tempsmss.com/
7.https://www.receivesms.co/
8.https://sms24.me
9.https://receive-smss.com/
10.https://freephonenum.com/
11.https://smsget.net (Only Russian numbers)
12.https://mytempsms.com/
Remember that free websites might be a little risky if you want to verify a personal account or a financial account because the sms received to that simcard is public to everyone.
Paid websites
1. https://smspinverify.com/ (They offer cheap prices for Google Voice ($0.78) and have multiple options for this service. Moreover, they have simcards from US, UK, Canada, India, Russia and more than 50 countries and accept Binance Pay, Cryptocurrency, Visa/MasterCard and other payment methods less popular. Works great for the most popular services and it is very cheap. Their API is basic but works good. 10/10.)
2. https://majorphones.com/ (They have a new beta version and offer high quality numbers of USA/UK only. They accept Amazon Pay (VISA/MasterCard)/cryptocurrency/Binance Pay/PerfectMoney/Payeer and others. Moreover, they are now offering long-term numbers, more commonly known as rental numbers, for 7/15/30 days, depending on the country (USA/UK). Their API is only available if you request it to their customer support, so I couldn't test it. 10/10.)
3. https://verifywithsms.com/ (They offer only short-term numbers from USA and UK, the prices are a little high but works good and they accept only cryptocurrency. Don't have an API. 8/10.)
4. https://www.textverified.com/ (They offer only short and long term numbers from USA, most numbers work good but they are expensive. Plus, they accept VISA/Mastercard and crypto only. Very good API, robust. 7.5/10.)
5. https://5sim.net/ (They offer very very cheap numbers (+$0.1) but have poor quality, a lot of numbers are reused but eventually work. Worst is nothing. They accept VISA/Mastercard, cryptocurrency, what's great is that they offer +176 countries. API with some errors and doesn't have some functionalities 6/10.)
6. https://www.smscodes.io/ (They offer 0.5$ of bonus when you sign up and the prices go from 0.1$, they support voice verification (BIG DEAL), the problem is with the payment methods: cryptocurrency and other less known payment methods, the numbers have regular quality but works for most services. 9/10.)
7. smspva.com (They offer a lot of companies but this service in particular is too bad, in some cases they do not give a refund for numbers that dont work, most numbers are reused and for long-term numbers you must wait +30 min to activate the number, in conclusion this service is very very bad, not recommended. 3/10.)
8. Non-Voip.com (they offer USA & UK numbers with good quality at a cheap price. Their API sucks and customer support may be a little slow, I used it mostly for Telegram accounts. Bad API, you can't cancel a number and get a refund. 5/10.
Source: blackhatworld Forum
AnonymSMS
Receive SMS Online 24/7, Secure Verification - AnonymSMS
Totally free online service whereby you can Receive SMS Online, without the need of inputting your own mobile/cell number.
🔥 Bypass AV / EDR Tested🔥
✔ The Invoke-ASAMSI script is a tool that takes advantage of the native features of PowerShell and .NET functions using reflection, to modify the memory of amsi.dll, disable its malware scanning and be able to execute malicious scripts and code.
✔ I have also included how we can dump the LSASS together with Nanodump, demonstrating that with public tools and customizing them a little you can do good evasion.
🔥Source Link -->
https://lnkd.in/gMeFQCks
The Script:
https://github.com/ASP4RUX/Invoke-AMSI
✔ The Invoke-ASAMSI script is a tool that takes advantage of the native features of PowerShell and .NET functions using reflection, to modify the memory of amsi.dll, disable its malware scanning and be able to execute malicious scripts and code.
✔ I have also included how we can dump the LSASS together with Nanodump, demonstrating that with public tools and customizing them a little you can do good evasion.
🔥Source Link -->
https://lnkd.in/gMeFQCks
The Script:
https://github.com/ASP4RUX/Invoke-AMSI
lnkd.in
LinkedIn
This link will take you to a page that’s not on LinkedIn
Have you ever heard about BadUSB?
A BadUSB refers to a type of malicious attack that exploits the firmware of USB devices. This makes the attack particularly dangerous and stealthy because the BadUSB emulates a HID (Human Interface Device), which is inherently trusted by the operating system. Once connected, the attack begins as the BadUSB starts injecting commands, typing at a speed of up to 1000wpm, allowing it to execute malicious actions almost instantly.
Attack Scenario
In a busy office, an employee steps away from their desk, leaving their laptop unlocked.
The attack exploits the unlocked system's trust in peripherals, allowing the malicious USB to execute commands without the user’s awareness, compromising the company’s security within seconds.
Example of Actions
Backdoor Installation: The USB types out commands to open a PowerShell terminal and install a hidden backdoor, granting the attacker remote access to the system.
Credential Theft: It retrieves saved passwords or authentication tokens from the system and sends them to an external server.
Network Reconnaissance: It runs scripts to map the internal network, identifying key servers and vulnerable devices.
Data Exfiltration: Sensitive company files are quickly zipped and emailed or uploaded to a remote server.
Prevention Technique
To reduce the chances of success for a BadUSB attack, you can configure User Account Control to require a password for administrative actions. This limits the potential damage a malicious USB can cause.
Steps
1. Press the Windows Key, then type regedt in the search bar to open the Registry Editor.
2. Navigate to the following path: HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Policies\System
3. Find the registry entry named ConsentPromptBehaviorAdmin.
4. By default, its value is set to “5” (prompt for consent without password). Change this value to “1”. This setting forces the system to prompt for the administrator's password every time a process or command requires elevated privileges.
From now on, any action that requires admin rights will trigger a password prompt, significantly reducing the success rate of a BadUSB attack.
Source: linkedin
A BadUSB refers to a type of malicious attack that exploits the firmware of USB devices. This makes the attack particularly dangerous and stealthy because the BadUSB emulates a HID (Human Interface Device), which is inherently trusted by the operating system. Once connected, the attack begins as the BadUSB starts injecting commands, typing at a speed of up to 1000wpm, allowing it to execute malicious actions almost instantly.
Attack Scenario
In a busy office, an employee steps away from their desk, leaving their laptop unlocked.
The attack exploits the unlocked system's trust in peripherals, allowing the malicious USB to execute commands without the user’s awareness, compromising the company’s security within seconds.
Example of Actions
Backdoor Installation: The USB types out commands to open a PowerShell terminal and install a hidden backdoor, granting the attacker remote access to the system.
Credential Theft: It retrieves saved passwords or authentication tokens from the system and sends them to an external server.
Network Reconnaissance: It runs scripts to map the internal network, identifying key servers and vulnerable devices.
Data Exfiltration: Sensitive company files are quickly zipped and emailed or uploaded to a remote server.
Prevention Technique
To reduce the chances of success for a BadUSB attack, you can configure User Account Control to require a password for administrative actions. This limits the potential damage a malicious USB can cause.
Steps
1. Press the Windows Key, then type regedt in the search bar to open the Registry Editor.
2. Navigate to the following path: HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Policies\System
3. Find the registry entry named ConsentPromptBehaviorAdmin.
4. By default, its value is set to “5” (prompt for consent without password). Change this value to “1”. This setting forces the system to prompt for the administrator's password every time a process or command requires elevated privileges.
From now on, any action that requires admin rights will trigger a password prompt, significantly reducing the success rate of a BadUSB attack.
Source: linkedin
Forwarded from Exploiting Crew (Pr1vAt3)
🦑 Drozer is a security assessment framework for Android apps, developed by MWR InfoSecurity (now part of F-Secure). It's used by penetration testers to assess Android applications for vulnerabilities. Here's a hacking tutorial for using Drozer to identify vulnerabilities in Android apps.
---
## Prerequisites
1. Install Drozer:
Drozer consists of two components:
- Agent (installed on the Android device)
- Console (run on your host machine)
Download the Drozer agent APK from [official GitHub](https://github.com/FSecureLABS/drozer) and install it on your Android device. Install the Drozer console using:
2. Setup ADB:
Install Android Debug Bridge (ADB) to connect your Android device to your computer.
3. Rooted Device (Optional but Recommended):
Drozer can operate on non-rooted devices but works best with root privileges.
4. Enable USB Debugging:
Go to Settings > Developer Options > USB Debugging on your Android device.
---
## Step 1: Setting Up the Environment
1. Connect the Android Device:
Use ADB to ensure your device is detected:
2. Forward the Drozer Port:
Drozer communicates with the agent over port 31415. Forward this port using ADB:
3. Start the Drozer Agent:
Launch the Drozer agent app on your Android device and click "Start Server".
4. Launch Drozer Console:
On your host machine, open the Drozer console:
---
## Step 2: Reconnaissance
Drozer has a modular design, with commands categorized into packages. Start by gathering basic information.
1. List Installed Packages:
2. Find Specific Apps:
Search for apps by keyword, e.g., for "vulnerable":
3. Get Detailed App Information:
Get information about an app, such as permissions and activities:
---
## Step 3: Exploit Common Vulnerabilities
Drozer can be used to test various vulnerabilities, including exported activities, insecure file storage, and SQL injection.
### 1. Test Exported Components
Exported components can be accessed by any app on the device. Drozer identifies and interacts with these components.
#### Activities:
List exported activities:
Launch an exported activity:
#### Services:
List exported services:
Interact with a service:
#### Content Providers:
Identify content providers and their permissions:
Query content providers for data:
### 2. SQL Injection
Test content providers for SQL injection by manipulating query inputs:
### 3. Insecure Data Storage
Check for sensitive data in app directories:
### 4. Check for Debuggable Apps
Some apps are left in debuggable mode, exposing them to reverse engineering:
---
## Step 4: Automation and Exploit Modules
### Use Drozer's built-in exploit modules:
1. Scan for Known Vulnerabilities:
2. Check for World-Readable Files:
---
## Step 5: Generate Reports
Keep logs of your findings for documentation:
---
---
## Prerequisites
1. Install Drozer:
Drozer consists of two components:
- Agent (installed on the Android device)
- Console (run on your host machine)
Download the Drozer agent APK from [official GitHub](https://github.com/FSecureLABS/drozer) and install it on your Android device. Install the Drozer console using:
sudo apt install python3-pip
pip3 install drozer
2. Setup ADB:
Install Android Debug Bridge (ADB) to connect your Android device to your computer.
sudo apt install adb
3. Rooted Device (Optional but Recommended):
Drozer can operate on non-rooted devices but works best with root privileges.
4. Enable USB Debugging:
Go to Settings > Developer Options > USB Debugging on your Android device.
---
## Step 1: Setting Up the Environment
1. Connect the Android Device:
Use ADB to ensure your device is detected:
adb devices
2. Forward the Drozer Port:
Drozer communicates with the agent over port 31415. Forward this port using ADB:
adb forward tcp:31415 tcp:31415
3. Start the Drozer Agent:
Launch the Drozer agent app on your Android device and click "Start Server".
4. Launch Drozer Console:
On your host machine, open the Drozer console:
drozer console connect
---
## Step 2: Reconnaissance
Drozer has a modular design, with commands categorized into packages. Start by gathering basic information.
1. List Installed Packages:
run app.package.list
2. Find Specific Apps:
Search for apps by keyword, e.g., for "vulnerable":
run app.package.list -f vulnerable
3. Get Detailed App Information:
Get information about an app, such as permissions and activities:
run app.package.info -a com.example.vulnerableapp
---
## Step 3: Exploit Common Vulnerabilities
Drozer can be used to test various vulnerabilities, including exported activities, insecure file storage, and SQL injection.
### 1. Test Exported Components
Exported components can be accessed by any app on the device. Drozer identifies and interacts with these components.
#### Activities:
List exported activities:
run app.activity.info -a com.example.vulnerableapp
Launch an exported activity:
run app.activity.start --component com.example.vulnerableapp com.example.vulnerableapp.MainActivity
#### Services:
List exported services:
run app.service.info -a com.example.vulnerableapp
Interact with a service:
run app.service.send --component com.example.vulnerableapp com.example.vulnerableapp.MyService
#### Content Providers:
Identify content providers and their permissions:
run app.provider.info -a com.example.vulnerableapp
Query content providers for data:
run app.provider.query content://com.example.vulnerableapp.provider/data
### 2. SQL Injection
Test content providers for SQL injection by manipulating query inputs:
run app.provider.query content://com.example.vulnerableapp.provider/data --projection "' OR '1'='1"
### 3. Insecure Data Storage
Check for sensitive data in app directories:
run scanner.misc.filebrowser -a com.example.vulnerableapp
### 4. Check for Debuggable Apps
Some apps are left in debuggable mode, exposing them to reverse engineering:
run app.package.debuggable
---
## Step 4: Automation and Exploit Modules
### Use Drozer's built-in exploit modules:
1. Scan for Known Vulnerabilities:
run scanner.provider.injection -a com.example.vulnerableapp
2. Check for World-Readable Files:
run scanner.misc.world_readable_files
---
## Step 5: Generate Reports
Keep logs of your findings for documentation:
drozer console connect > output.log
---
Forwarded from Exploiting Crew (Pr1vAt3)
### Note:
This tutorial is intended for educational purposes only. Testing applications without explicit permission is illegal and unethical. Always adhere to your organization's policies or get consent from app owners before performing assessments.
---
Let me know if you'd like help with specific Drozer commands or use cases!
This tutorial is intended for educational purposes only. Testing applications without explicit permission is illegal and unethical. Always adhere to your organization's policies or get consent from app owners before performing assessments.
---
Let me know if you'd like help with specific Drozer commands or use cases!
GitHub
GitHub - ReversecLabs/drozer: The Leading Security Assessment Framework for Android.
The Leading Security Assessment Framework for Android. - ReversecLabs/drozer
Forwarded from Exploiting Crew (Pr1vAt3)
🦑 Mobile Security Framework (MobSF) Hacking Tutorial
MobSF (Mobile Security Framework) is an open-source automated pen-testing framework used for analyzing Android, iOS, and Windows apps. It supports both static and dynamic analysis, making it an essential tool for app security assessments.
---
## Prerequisites
1. Install MobSF:
- Clone the MobSF repository:
- Install dependencies and start the server:
Access MobSF via
2. Java Environment:
Ensure Java is installed for decompiling Android APKs:
3. Dynamic Analysis (Optional):
For dynamic analysis, you'll need:
- A VirtualBox VM or a rooted Android device.
- Genymotion (Android emulator).
---
## Step 1: Static Analysis
Static analysis examines the app's source code for vulnerabilities.
### Analyze an APK
1. Upload the APK file:
Drag and drop the APK onto the MobSF web interface.
2. Wait for processing:
MobSF will decompile the APK and display a detailed report.
### Review the Report
The report is divided into sections:
1. App Information:
Includes package name, version, permissions, and components.
2. Permissions Analysis:
Flags excessive or dangerous permissions like
3. Manifest Analysis:
Examines the
- Exported activities, services, and receivers.
- Insecure configurations.
4. Code Analysis:
Identifies potential vulnerabilities in the app's source code:
- Hardcoded API keys
- Weak encryption
- Unprotected credentials
5. Cryptographic Analysis:
Highlights insecure cryptographic practices, e.g., MD5 or hardcoded keys.
---
## Step 2: Dynamic Analysis
Dynamic analysis evaluates the app's behavior during runtime.
### Set Up Dynamic Analysis
1. Configure Emulator/Device:
- Install the MobSF dynamic analysis APK on the device.
- Set up ADB forwarding:
2. Launch Dynamic Analysis:
Start the dynamic analysis module in MobSF and connect your device.
3. Monitor Runtime Behavior:
- Inspect API calls, file system access, and network traffic.
- Use MobSF's built-in proxy for traffic analysis.
---
## Step 3: Advanced Features
1. Binary Analysis:
MobSF can analyze binaries (.so files) for vulnerabilities.
2. Memory Dump Analysis:
Inspect memory dumps for sensitive information like passwords or keys.
3. Malware Analysis:
Identify malicious patterns in APKs:
- Suspicious API usage
- Embedded malware signatures
---
## Step 4: Automation with REST API
MobSF provides an API for automation. Here's how to analyze an APK using the API:
1. Start MobSF API Server:
Enable the API server in
2. Submit an APK:
3. Retrieve Results:
---
## Step 5: Report Findings
Export the analysis report in various formats (PDF, HTML, JSON) for documentation.
---
### Common Use Cases
1. Testing Exported Components:
- Identify insecure exported activities, services, or receivers.
2. Analyzing Network Security:
- Check for plaintext HTTP traffic.
- Identify hardcoded server IPs or API keys.
3. Hardcoded Credentials:
- MobSF flags sensitive information like passwords embedded in the code.
---
### Important Notes
1. This tutorial is for ethical purposes. Ensure you have permission to test the app.
2. Use MobSF as part of a comprehensive app security assessment strategy.
---
Let me know if you'd like to explore specific features of MobSF!
MobSF (Mobile Security Framework) is an open-source automated pen-testing framework used for analyzing Android, iOS, and Windows apps. It supports both static and dynamic analysis, making it an essential tool for app security assessments.
---
## Prerequisites
1. Install MobSF:
- Clone the MobSF repository:
git clone https://github.com/MobSF/Mobile-Security-Framework-MobSF.git
cd Mobile-Security-Framework-MobSF
- Install dependencies and start the server:
./setup.sh # For Linux/Mac
python3 -m pip install -r requirements.txt
python3 manage.py runserver
Access MobSF via
http://127.0.0.1:8000.2. Java Environment:
Ensure Java is installed for decompiling Android APKs:
sudo apt install openjdk-11-jdk
3. Dynamic Analysis (Optional):
For dynamic analysis, you'll need:
- A VirtualBox VM or a rooted Android device.
- Genymotion (Android emulator).
---
## Step 1: Static Analysis
Static analysis examines the app's source code for vulnerabilities.
### Analyze an APK
1. Upload the APK file:
Drag and drop the APK onto the MobSF web interface.
2. Wait for processing:
MobSF will decompile the APK and display a detailed report.
### Review the Report
The report is divided into sections:
1. App Information:
Includes package name, version, permissions, and components.
2. Permissions Analysis:
Flags excessive or dangerous permissions like
READ_SMS, WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE, etc.3. Manifest Analysis:
Examines the
AndroidManifest.xml file for:- Exported activities, services, and receivers.
- Insecure configurations.
4. Code Analysis:
Identifies potential vulnerabilities in the app's source code:
- Hardcoded API keys
- Weak encryption
- Unprotected credentials
5. Cryptographic Analysis:
Highlights insecure cryptographic practices, e.g., MD5 or hardcoded keys.
---
## Step 2: Dynamic Analysis
Dynamic analysis evaluates the app's behavior during runtime.
### Set Up Dynamic Analysis
1. Configure Emulator/Device:
- Install the MobSF dynamic analysis APK on the device.
- Set up ADB forwarding:
adb forward tcp:5000 tcp:5000
2. Launch Dynamic Analysis:
Start the dynamic analysis module in MobSF and connect your device.
3. Monitor Runtime Behavior:
- Inspect API calls, file system access, and network traffic.
- Use MobSF's built-in proxy for traffic analysis.
---
## Step 3: Advanced Features
1. Binary Analysis:
MobSF can analyze binaries (.so files) for vulnerabilities.
2. Memory Dump Analysis:
Inspect memory dumps for sensitive information like passwords or keys.
3. Malware Analysis:
Identify malicious patterns in APKs:
- Suspicious API usage
- Embedded malware signatures
---
## Step 4: Automation with REST API
MobSF provides an API for automation. Here's how to analyze an APK using the API:
1. Start MobSF API Server:
Enable the API server in
settings.py.2. Submit an APK:
curl -F "file=@app.apk" http://127.0.0.1:8000/api/v1/upload -H "Authorization: <your_api_key>"
3. Retrieve Results:
curl http://127.0.0.1:8000/api/v1/report_json -H "Authorization: <your_api_key>"
---
## Step 5: Report Findings
Export the analysis report in various formats (PDF, HTML, JSON) for documentation.
---
### Common Use Cases
1. Testing Exported Components:
- Identify insecure exported activities, services, or receivers.
2. Analyzing Network Security:
- Check for plaintext HTTP traffic.
- Identify hardcoded server IPs or API keys.
3. Hardcoded Credentials:
- MobSF flags sensitive information like passwords embedded in the code.
---
### Important Notes
1. This tutorial is for ethical purposes. Ensure you have permission to test the app.
2. Use MobSF as part of a comprehensive app security assessment strategy.
---
Let me know if you'd like to explore specific features of MobSF!