🌺 Synonyms 🌺
1. Barbarous( असभ्य)=uncivilized, Savage,wild
2. Earnest(उत्सुक, गम्भीर)=serious,eager
3 . Nefarious (अतिदुष्ट,अधमर्मी)=wicked, shameful, unlawful
4. Timid (कायर , डरपोक)=coward,shy
5. Raze(बर्बाद करना)=demolish, destroy,break
6. Freedom (आजादी, स्वतंत्रता)=independence, liberty
7. Delight (आनन्द)=enjoy , pleasure
8. Incite (उकसाना)=stir,rouse, instigate
9. Admit ( स्वीकार करना)=confess, acknowledge
10. Ideal (आदर्श)=model , perfect
11. Spontaneous(स्वाभाविक)=natural, voluntary, automatic
12. Humble(विनम्र)=kind, merciful, sympathetic
13. Confess(स्वीकार करना)=acknowledge, admit, accept
14. Enormous (भारी)=huge, tremendous, excessive
15. Splendid(शानदार)=glorious, magnificent,grand
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Direct and Indirect Narration

Rules ➖➖➖➖➖➖➖

1. Change of persons 👉

Reporting reported
Speech Speech
S 👈 👁️ 1️⃣ I,we,me,my,us,
O 👈 👁️ 2️⃣you, your
N 👈 👁️ 3️⃣he,she,they,it

S=subject, O=object,
N=no change
1️⃣ = 1st person
2️⃣ = 2nd person
3️⃣ = 3rd person

1. यदि reported speech में first person(I,We) का pronoun हो। तो वह reporting speech के subject के अनुसार बदला जाता है।S👈1️⃣

2.यदि reported speech में second(you,your) person का pronoun हो। तो वह reporting speech के object के अनुसार बदला जाता है। O👈2️⃣

3.यदि reported speech में third person(he, she,it,they) का pronoun हो। तो उसमे कोई परिवर्तन नही होता है।N👈3️⃣no change
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❣2. Change of tenses❣
➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖
1.Present Ind.T.👉Past ind.T.
Do/does not=did not
Do/does=did
V¹/V⁵=V²
➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖
2.Present cont.t.👉past cont.t
Is,am,are=was,were
➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖
3.P. perfect t👉past perfect t.
Has/have+V3=had+v³
➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖
4. P. per.con.t.👉past p.c.t.
Has/have+been=had been
➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖
5.Past ind.=past perfect t.
Did=had+v³
V²=had+v³
➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖
6.past cont.t.=past perfect con.
Was/were+v⁴=had been+v⁴
➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖
7.past perfect tense=no change
➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖
8.past perfect con.t=no change
➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖
Shall=should
Will=would
Can=could
May=might
➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖➖
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💐3. Change of other parts of speech❣

Direct Indirect
This That
These Those
Here There
Now Then
Thus So
Today That day
Tonight That night
Tomorrow The following day
या the next day
Yesterday The previous day
Ago Before
Next day The following day
Last day The previous day
Next=the following
Last=the previous
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❣Syntax❣

💐adjective 💐

Elder, eldest vs older, oldest

❌ Don't say: He is my older brother.

✅ Say:He is my elder brother.

▪️ 'Elder' and 'eldest' should be used for persons only, strictly speaking, they are used for the members of the same family only. 'Older' and 'oldest' are used for both persons and things
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Narration/speech
Part 1️⃣
Assertive sentence
💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐💐
Says to = tells
Say to = tell
Said to= told

( " )= that
❣❣❣❣❣❣❣❣❣❣❣❣❣
said = said
Say= say
Says= says

1

2

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