|🍁UP BOARD ENGLISH NCERT CLASS 12🍁|
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UP board English NCERT PATTERN 👉12TH PDF NOTES
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Phrasal Verbs :-


जब Verbs के पश्चात विभिन्न Prepositions लगा दिए जाते हैं तब उनका अर्थ बदल जाता है ऐसे Verbs को Phrasal Verbs कहते है।
Example :-
     Verb                    Phrasal Verb 
 Look (देखना)       Look for (तलाश करना)
 Go (जाना)             Go on (जारी रखना)
🔅Important Phrasal Verbs🔅 :-
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Word root 👉break
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1. Act upon (के अनुसार कार्य करना)
Use – We should act upon the advice of our elders.

2. Bring up (पालन पोषण करना)
Use –
Ravi brought up his brother.

3. Break into (सेंध लगाना)
Use –
A thief broke into my house yesterday.

4. Break out  (फैल जाना)
Use –
Plague broke out in my village last year.

5. Break down (कार्य न करना)
Use –
The engine of the factory broke down yesterday.

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🍁One word substitution 🍁
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1. A person who looks at the dark side of things .
▪️▪️Pessimist (निराशावादी)

2. That can not be seen through.
▪️▪️Opaque (अपारदर्शी)

3. That can be seen through.
▪️▪️Transparent (पारदर्शक)


4. A woman whose husband is dead. 
▪️▪️Widow (विधवा)

5. A man whose wife is dead. 
▪️▪️Widower (विधुर)
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☢️Idioms and phrases ☢️
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1. Bag and baggage (बोरिया बिस्तर के साथ)

Use – The English left India bag and baggage. 

2. Beat about the bush (घुमा फिरा कर बातें करना)

Use – Don’t beat about the bush. 

3. By hook or by crook (उचित या अनुचित तरीके से)

Use – Now a days many students want to pass by hook or by crook. 

4. Bury the hatchet (पुरानी शत्रुता भुला देना)

Use – It is wise for India and Pakistan to bury the hatchet and be friends again. 

5. By leaps and bounds (दिन दूना रात चौगुना)

Use – India is making progress by leaps and bounds.
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🇮🇳𝙅𝙤𝙞𝙣𝙐𝙨🔜

🟪💐📨𝙎 ̲𝙝 ̲𝙖 ̲𝙧 ̲𝙚 ̲ ̲𝙖 ̲𝙣 ̲𝙙 ̲ ̲𝙎 ̲𝙪̲𝙥̲𝙥̲𝙤̲𝙧 ̲𝙩 ̲𝙐S…

☀️☀️☀️🌸☀️☀️
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Idioms and phrases
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1. A turn coat (दलबदलू)

Use – Many people do not like a turn coat leaders. 

2. A red letter day (महत्वपूर्ण दिन)

Use – 15th August is a red letter day for the Indians.

3. A white elephant (बहुत खर्चीला लेकिन कम महत्व का)

Use – A mobile is a white elephant for a poor man. 

4. At large (स्वतंत्र)

Use – The murderer is still at large. 

5. At random (बिना किसी उद्देश्य के)

Use – He spent his money at random.
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One word substitution
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1. That can not be read.
.... Illegible (अपठनीय)
2. Who can neither read nor write. 
...... Illiterate (अनपढ़)
3. One who knows many languages.
..... Linguist (बहुभाषी)
4. The killing of a new born child. 
..... Infanticide (बाल हत्या)
5. Fit to be chosen. 
...... Eligible (योग्य)
6. That is fit to be eaten.
.... Edible (खाने योग्य)
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-: One Word Substitution :- 
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1. The life history of a man written by himself. 
........... Autobiography (आत्मकथा)

2. The life history of a man written by someone else. 
........... Biography (जीवनी)

3. A person who believes that there is no God. 
........... Atheist (नास्तिक)

4. A person who believes that there is God. 
.......... Theist (आस्तिक)

5. A person who looks at the dark side of things.
......... Optimist (आशावादी)
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÷ Idioms and phrases ÷
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1. Black and white (लिखित)
Use –
Give your application in black and white. 

2. A man of letters (विद्वान व्यक्ति)
Use –
Our principal is a man of letters.

3. Child’s play (आसान कार्य)
Use –
To study science is not child’s play.

4. Castles in the air (हवाई किले बनाना)
Use –
Don’t waste your time in building castles in the air. 

5. Die in harness (कर्तव्य पालन करते हुए मर जाना)
Use –
Nehru died in harness. 
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🍂Antonyms🍃
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🔹Acknowledge{ स्वीकार करना}=refuse, reject,deny
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🔹Deny{ इन्कार करना}=accept, acknowledge,admit,confess

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⚜️✍🏻 One word substitutions ✍🏻⚜️

◾️ One who eats too much -
Glutton

◾️ One who goes on foot
Pedestrian

◾️ One who does not make mistakes
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Infallible

◾️ One who doesn’t know how to read and write
Illiterate

◾️ Life story of a man written by other

Biography
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⚜️What is the antonym of the word peak?
Anonymous Quiz
20%
a). above
22%
b). Down
43%
c). Bottom
15%
c). Underneath
⚜️✍🏻 One word substitutions ✍🏻⚜️

◾️ Murder of a father
Patricide

◾️ Murder of a human being
Homicide

◾️ Murder of a mother
Matricide

◾️ Murder of an brother
Fratricide

◾️ Murder of an infant
Infanticide

◾️ Murder of self
Suicide

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🥦Synonym🥦
Word = Zenith { चोटी}
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ट्रिक =PCS Top
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P = peak
C = climax
S = summit
Top=top👉apex
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▪️🇦 🇳 🇹 🇴 🇳 🇾 🇲▪️
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 𝙬𝙤𝙧𝙙 ...... Top
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✤Top✤ = bottom
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▪️ 𝗪𝗵𝗶𝗰𝗵 𝗶𝘀 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝘀𝘆𝗻𝗼𝗻𝘆𝗺 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝘄𝗼𝗿𝗱 𝗯𝗮𝗿𝗯𝗮𝗿𝗼𝘂𝘀?
Anonymous Quiz
37%
a). Arrogant
34%
b). Civilized
16%
c). Inferior
13%
d). Savage
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⚜️✍🏻 One word substitutions ✍🏻⚜️

◾️ One who knows everything
Omniscient

◾️ One who knows many languages
Polyglot

◾️ One who lives in a foreign country
Immigrant

◾️ One who looks on the bright side of things
Optimist

◾️ One who looks on the dark side of things
Pessimist

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➾ 𝐉𝐨𝐢𝐧 𝐂𝐡𝐚𝐧𝐧𝐞𝐥 🔝🔝🔝
🇹 🇭 🇪  🇲 🇴 🇷 🇪  🇾 🇴 🇺  🇨 🇦 🇷 🇪 
🇹 🇭 🇪  🇲 🇴 🇷 🇪  🇾 🇴 🇺  🇱 🇪 🇦 🇷 🇳 .
⚜️✍🏻 One word substitutions ✍🏻⚜️
⭕️🟥🟥🟦🟦🟩🔳🟩🟦🟦🟥🟥⭕️

◾️ A Government by a king or queen
Monarchy

◾️ A Government by one
Autocracy

◾️ A Government by the few
Oligarchy

◾️ A Government by the Nobles
Aristocracy

◾️ A Government by the officials
Bureaucracy

◾️ A Government by the people
Democracy
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⚜️✍🏻 One word substitutions ✍🏻⚜️

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◾️ A word opposite in meaning to another
Antonym

◾️ Absence of government
Anarchy

◾️ All-powerful; possessing complete power and authority
Omnipotent

◾️ An absolute government by one man
Autocracy

◾️ An animal or a human being that eats any kind of food
Omnivorous

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🎯Idioms and phrases🎯

▪️Black sheep(निकम्मा व्यक्ति) = Tom Ramsay was a black sheep of his family.
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▪️ Crocodile tears (घड़ियाली आंसू / झूठे आंसू) = many women shed crocodile tears on the death of their stepsons.
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▪️Bag and baggage (बोरिया विस्तर के साथ) = The English had left India Bag and baggage.
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▪️By leaps and bounds (तेजी से) = The population of India is increasing by leaps and bounds.
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▪️By hook or by crook (किसी भी प्रकार से) = Nowadays the students want to pass by hook or by crook.
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