from numbers import Number
from decimal import Decimal
from fractions import Fraction

print(isinstance(2.0, Number), end = ' ')
print(isinstance(Decimal('2.0'), Number), end = ' ')
print(isinstance(Fraction(2, 1), Number), end = ' ')
print(isinstance("2", Number), end = ' ')

x = ['ab', 'cd']
for i in x:
    i.upper()
print(x)

from functools import reduce
numbers = [1, 2, 3]
reduce(lambda x, y: x + y, numbers)

x=1
def cg():
  global x
  x=x+1  
cg()
x

def foo(k):
    k = [1]
q = [0]
foo(q)
print(q)

print("abc DEF".capitalize())

class A:
    @staticmethod
    def a(x):
        print(x)
A.a(100)

def foo(k):
    k = [1]

q = [0]
foo(q)
print(q)

a = [0, 1, 2, 3]
for a[0] in a:
    print(a[0])