🔹 Plant Indicators / Phytoindicators • Certain plants indicate the state of the environment through their response.
• Plants or plant communities that indicate environmental conditions are called Biological Indicators / Phytoindicators / Plant Indicators.
🌿 Important Examples:
• Lichens, Ficus, Pinus, Rose → SO₂ pollution
• Petunia, Chrysanthemum → Nitrate pollution
• Gladiolus → Fluoride pollution
• Robinia pseudoacacia (Black Locust) → Heavy metal contamination
📚 TNPSC Quick Revision:
Lichens → SO₂ | Petunia → Nitrate | Gladiolus → Fluoride | Robinia → Heavy metals
• Plants or plant communities that indicate environmental conditions are called Biological Indicators / Phytoindicators / Plant Indicators.
🌿 Important Examples:
• Lichens, Ficus, Pinus, Rose → SO₂ pollution
• Petunia, Chrysanthemum → Nitrate pollution
• Gladiolus → Fluoride pollution
• Robinia pseudoacacia (Black Locust) → Heavy metal contamination
📚 TNPSC Quick Revision:
Lichens → SO₂ | Petunia → Nitrate | Gladiolus → Fluoride | Robinia → Heavy metals
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The Government of India, in consultation with the Reserve Bank of India (RBI), has notified the National Bank for Financing Infrastructure and Development (NaBFID) as a “public financial institution” under the Companies Act, 2013, aiming to boost infrastructure financing in the country. 🏛️
The Companies Act of 2013 regulates incorporation, responsibilities, directors, and dissolution of companies. It partially replaced the Companies Act, 1956.
This notification enhances NaBFID's capacity to fund large-scale infrastructure projects, strengthening the national infrastructure finance system. 🚀
NaBFID, established in 2021 by the National Bank for Financing Infrastructure and Development Act (2021) as India's fifth All India Financial Institution (AIFI) to support long-term infrastructure financing, including the development of bonds and derivatives markets.
As of February 2024, NaBFID, as a specialised Development Finance Institution (DFI), has sanctioned over Rs 86,804 crore for infrastructure projects across the country, with 50% of the sanctions having long tenures of 20 to 50 years.
NaBFID plans to sanction over Rs 3 lakh crore by March 2026. 💰
Other Four AIFIs:
Export-Import Bank of India (EXIM Bank)
National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD)
National Housing Bank (NHB)
Small Industries Development Bank of India (SIDBI)
The Companies Act of 2013 regulates incorporation, responsibilities, directors, and dissolution of companies. It partially replaced the Companies Act, 1956.
This notification enhances NaBFID's capacity to fund large-scale infrastructure projects, strengthening the national infrastructure finance system. 🚀
NaBFID, established in 2021 by the National Bank for Financing Infrastructure and Development Act (2021) as India's fifth All India Financial Institution (AIFI) to support long-term infrastructure financing, including the development of bonds and derivatives markets.
As of February 2024, NaBFID, as a specialised Development Finance Institution (DFI), has sanctioned over Rs 86,804 crore for infrastructure projects across the country, with 50% of the sanctions having long tenures of 20 to 50 years.
NaBFID plans to sanction over Rs 3 lakh crore by March 2026. 💰
Other Four AIFIs:
Export-Import Bank of India (EXIM Bank)
National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD)
National Housing Bank (NHB)
Small Industries Development Bank of India (SIDBI)
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